What is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and mechanisms for evolution?

Natural selection organisms better adapted to environment survive/reproduce

Units of heredity that are made up of DNA

With a BB homozygote, what is the chance of a gamete having the B allele? The b allele?

100% chance of B allele, 0% chance of b allele

What is cellular respiration?

process converts glucose and oxygen into energy carbon dioxide, and water

Explain what crossing over is and how it occurs.

Crossing over is exchange o genetic material between homologous chromosomes

The physical appearance or observable traits of an organism

What is photosynthesis?

A process that converts light energy into chemical energy

Describe the relationship between environment and phenotype.

The environment can influence the expression of certain phenotypes

What are the inputs and outputs (chemical reaction/equation) of photosynthesis?

Inputs: Carbon dioxide and water; Outputs: Glucose and oxygen

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A scientist known as the father of genetics

How does meiosis help increase genetic diversity?

By allowing for crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes

Explain the relationship between genotype and phenotype. How can one phenotype result from more than one genotype?

genotypes can produce same phenotype due to dominant and recessive alleles

Identify the structure of a DNA molecule.

A double helix composed of nucleotides

What is a diploid cell?

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes

How does probability apply to the main events that determine the genotypes of offspring?

Probability predicts the likelihood of genotypes based on parental alleles

What is the purpose of Punnett squares?

To predict the probability of offspring inheriting certain traits

What is complementary base pairing and how does it relate to the shape of DNA?

base pairing involves specific pairing bases A-T, C-G that form the rungs

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

cell division reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploids

How did Gregor Mendel contribute to the understanding of heredity and genetics?

with pea plants, he discovered the basic principles of heredity

What happens in each of the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron transport chain

What is fermentation?

A process that allows cells to produce energy without oxygen

What is Mendel’s first law (The law of Segregation)?

alleles segregate independently during the formation of gametes

What are the two types of fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

What is Mendel’s second law? (The law of independent assortment)

different traits can segregate independently during the formation

What are the three functions of DNA?

Replication, encoding information, and guiding development.

Why were pea plants a good study subject for Mendel’s experiments?

They have easily observable traits and can be easily cross-pollinated

A situation where both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed

The genetic makeup of an organism

How does Meiosis compare to Mitosis?

Meiosis results in genetically diverse haploid cells, mitosis does not

What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration (chemical reaction/equation)?

Inputs: Glucose and oxygen; Outputs: Carbon dioxide, water, and energy

What is the role of photosynthesis in cycling of matter?

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds

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Biology Basics Quiz

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Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts in biology such as photosynthesis, cellular respiration, genetics, and more!

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Questions 34

Answers

1
What is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and mechanisms for evolution?
The theory that evolution is a random process
Natural selection organisms better adapted to environment survive/reproduce
The theory that all species are unrelated
The theory that all species are fixed and unchanging
2
What are genes?
Units of heredity that are made up of DNA
Cells that divide during reproduction
Molecules that store energy
Proteins that control cell functions
3
With a BB homozygote, what is the chance of a gamete having the B allele? The b allele?
0% chance of B allele, 100% chance of b allele
100% chance of B allele, 0% chance of b allele
75% chance of B allele, 25% chance of b allele
50% chance of B allele, 50% chance of b allele
4
What is cellular respiration?
A process that converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
A process that converts energy into glucose
A process that converts nitrogen into energy
process converts glucose and oxygen into energy carbon dioxide, and water
5
Explain what crossing over is and how it occurs.
Crossing over is the fusion of two cells
Crossing over is exchange o genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Crossing over results in identical cells
Crossing over occurs during mitosis
6
What is a phenotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism
The process of cell division
The study of plant growth
The physical appearance or observable traits of an organism
7
What is photosynthesis?
A process that converts light energy into chemical energy
A process that converts water into oxygen
A process that converts chemical energy into light energy
A process that converts carbon dioxide into nitrogen
8
Describe the relationship between environment and phenotype.
The environment only affects genotype
The environment has no effect on phenotype
The environment can influence the expression of certain phenotypes
Phenotype determines the environment
9
What are the inputs and outputs (chemical reaction/equation) of photosynthesis?
Inputs: Nitrogen and water; Outputs: Glucose and oxygen
Inputs: Oxygen and glucose; Outputs: Carbon dioxide and water
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and water; Outputs: Glucose and oxygen
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and nitrogen; Outputs: Glucose and water
10
Who is Gregor Mendel?
A famous physicist
A scientist known as the father of genetics
A renowned chemist
A well-known biologist
11
How does meiosis help increase genetic diversity?
By producing identical cells
By reducing the number of chromosomes
By allowing for crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes
By preventing mutations
12
Explain the relationship between genotype and phenotype. How can one phenotype result from more than one genotype?
genotypes can produce same phenotype due to dominant and recessive alleles
Phenotype has no relation to genotype
Genotype and phenotype are always identical
Phenotype determines genotype
13
Identify the structure of a DNA molecule.
A single strand composed of amino acids
A triple helix composed of proteins
A circular structure composed of lipids
A double helix composed of nucleotides
14
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
A cell that contains three sets of chromosomes
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
A cell that contains no chromosomes
15
How does probability apply to the main events that determine the genotypes of offspring?
Probability determines the exact genotype
Probability has no role in genetics
Probability predicts the likelihood of genotypes based on parental alleles
Probability only applies to physical traits
16
What is the purpose of Punnett squares?
To determine the age of an organism
To predict the probability of offspring inheriting certain traits
To calculate the energy needs of a cell
To measure the size of cells
17
What is complementary base pairing and how does it relate to the shape of DNA?
base pairing involves specific pairing bases A-T, C-G that form the rungs
Complementary base pairing is not related to DNA structure
Complementary base pairing only occurs in RNA
Complementary base pairing involves random pairing of bases
18
What is heredity?
The process of cell division
The study of plant growth
The formation of new species
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
19
Where do organisms get energy?
From the food they consume
From the sunlight they absorb
From the air they breathe
From the water they drink
20
What is Meiosis?
A process that only occurs in plants
cell division reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploids
A process that converts energy into cells
A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
21
How did Gregor Mendel contribute to the understanding of heredity and genetics?
By developing the theory of evolution
with pea plants, he discovered the basic principles of heredity
By discovering the structure of DNA
By inventing the microscope
22
What happens in each of the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron transport chain
Krebs cycle, Photosynthesis, and Electron transport chain
Glycolysis, Fermentation, and Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis, Glycolysis, and Fermentation
23
What is fermentation?
A process that requires oxygen to produce energy
A process that only occurs in plants
A process that converts energy into oxygen
A process that allows cells to produce energy without oxygen
24
What is Mendel’s first law (The law of Segregation)?
The principle that genetic traits are not inherited
alleles segregate independently during the formation of gametes
The principle that dominant traits always mask recessive traits
The principle that all traits are inherited together
25
What is the molecule of Life?
RNA
Protein
Carbohydrate
DNA
26
What are the two types of fermentation?
Glucose fermentation and oxygen fermentation
Aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation
Photosynthetic fermentation and cellular fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
27
What is Mendel’s second law? (The law of independent assortment)
different traits can segregate independently during the formation
The principle that only dominant traits are inherited
The principle that genetic traits are not inherited
The principle that all genes are linked
28
What are the three functions of DNA?
To protect the cell from viruses
Replication, encoding information, and guiding development.
Only to store genetic information
To provide energy for the cell
29
Why were pea plants a good study subject for Mendel’s experiments?
They require no sunlight
They have easily observable traits and can be easily cross-pollinated
They are resistant to all diseases
They grow very slowly
30
What is codominance?
A situation where alleles do not affect the phenotype
A situation where both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed
A situation where one allele completely masks the other
A situation where alleles blend to form an intermediate phenotype
31
What is a genotype?
The physical appearance of an organism
The genetic makeup of an organism
The process of cell division
The study of plant growth
32
How does Meiosis compare to Mitosis?
Meiosis only occurs in animals, while mitosis only occurs in plants
Meiosis results in genetically diverse haploid cells, mitosis does not
Meiosis results in two identical cells, mitosis four diverse cells
Meiosis and mitosis are identical processes
33
What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration (chemical reaction/equation)?
Inputs: Nitrogen and water; Outputs: Glucose and oxygen
Inputs: Glucose and oxygen; Outputs: Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Inputs: Glucose and nitrogen; Outputs: Carbon dioxide and water
Inputs: Carbon dioxide and water; Outputs: Glucose and oxygen
34
What is the role of photosynthesis in cycling of matter?
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds
Photosynthesis has no role in the cycling of matter
P-synthesis converts oxygen into carbon dioxide,disrupting the carbon cycle
Photosynthesis only affects the nitrogen cycle

Biology Basics Quiz Flashcards | StudBud