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Domain 1 Founders and Cognition
Define Mnemonic devices:
Retrieval is when?
Domain 1 Founders and Cognition
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1
Retrieval is when?
events or information is being strored
events or information from the past is remembered
events or information from the future is thought of
events or information is being held in storage
2
Define Mnemonic devices:
Memory aids making you learn and understand.
Repeating over and over again.
Expanding the capacity of the STM.
Cramming
3
What is introspection?
relationship between conscious and unconscious processes
an idea rooted in observation
how something helps the organism survive in its environment
self-reflection; looking inward
4
explicit memory is
run by the hypothalamus
memory of facts and experiences that one consciously knows
learn how to do something
run by the cerebellum
5
What is Serial Position Effect?
tendency to recall the middle items in a list
Tendency to recall all items in a list
Tendency to not recall any items in a list
Tendency to recall first items and last items in a list
6
Carl Rogers was one of the founders of .................. approach.
Cognitivist
Behaviourist
Constructivist
Humanistic
7
Applied research is research with
confounding variables
experimental biases
Clear uses and applications
no use, but is interesting
8
What is a mental set?
helps represent things
1 way of approaching a problem-harder to see other solutions
navigation
mental visual place
9
Estimating the likelihood ofevents based on their availability in our memory is called what?
Availabilty Heuristic
Linguistic Determinism
Algorithm
Confirmation Bias
10
Recall is to _____ as recognition is to _____.
True or false, essay test
Essay test, multiple choice
Multiple choice, multiple choice
Multiple choice, essay test
11
Anterograde Amnesia is...?
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Damage to Frontal Lobe
12
What is functional fixedness?
presentation of a fact framed from a particular perspective
a tendency to view objects as only working in a certain way
A tendency to approach situations the same way
Favoring information that confirms your beliefs
13
what is dual encoding
seeing double objects
doing 2 activities at once
having mixed emotions
processing verbal and non verbal information
14
What are flashbulb memories?
Memories that aren’t easily remembered
Vague memories
Memories that are forgotten
Detailed/vivid memories that are remembered
15
What is repression?
a defense mechanism only
blocking thoughts from conscious awareness
Something similar to depression
burying thoughts until ready to deal with them
16
John B Watson was one of the founders of what type of development
psychosocial
behaviorism
cognitive
social
17
What are mood-congruent memories?
Memories w/ false details of real life events.
Retrieved memories that match a person's current mood.
Strong memories from an event’s importance & context.
Memories that reflect the current state of consciousness.
18
Heuristics are
mental groupings of similar things
thinking strategies that often hasten insights
simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly
methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems
19
The misinformation effect refers to the
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
20
who created the humanistic perspective
Freud
Allport
Maslow
Eysneck
21
Memories related to Sounds
Iconic
Acoustic
Recognition
Attention
22
Long Term Potentiation is
The re-routing of a neuron
long-lasting decrease in strength of synaptic transmission.
long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections
The potential of the neuron to fire glutamate
23
Basic Research is carried out to
improve technology
solve a problem
expand knowledge
better the lives of individuals
24
Who invented functionalism?
Philip Zimbardo
Wilhelm Wundt
Albert Ellis
William James
25
Chunking is defined as
losing one's lunch
separating academics into various disciplines
breaking text into smaller units
placing students into groups
26
An algorithm is a...
methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
best example of a particular category.
thinking strategy for making quick, efficient, decisions.
method of hypothesis testing involving trial and error.
27
A person's likelihood to over estimate their own abilites
All of the above
confirmation bias
Overconfidence
Cognition
28
Encoding that requires you attention is
Effortful Processing
Implicit Memory
Automatic Processing
Working Memory
29
What is retroactive interference?
When someone forgets events before their accident
When someone forgets events after their accident
interference where new information blocks old information
interference where old information blocks new information
30
Auditory sensory memory is also called _____ memory.
echoic
phonological
iconic
explicit
31
An example of insight learning is
Turning your phone to solve a mind game
Watching someone do something and mimicking them
Someone telling you how to solve a Rubik's cube
Suddenly remembering how to solve a math problem
32
What is a concept?
Mental image of a category
Mental grouping of similar thoughts
Mental image of a thought
Mental grouping of similar things
33
what is effortful encoding
Easy to retain and gain info
an effort to process info
it is hard for you to remember and retain info
trying to do activities you never done before
34
which of these is not a characteristic of short term memory?
capacity is limited to chunks of information
unconscious memories that we use without realizing it
its weakening
Brief duration that only lasts 20 seconds
35
Fixation is:
a simple problem solving strategy
the tendency to approach a problem in a certain way
the inability to see a problem from a new perspective
a sudden burst of inspiration
36
Semantic encoding is...
all of the above
the encoding of sound
encoding of meaning
encoding of pictures images
37
what is the best definition of Sensory Memory?
storage of memory that lasts forever
memory receptors & transfer of sensory info to the brain
storage of memory that lasts briefly
short memory storage immediately following affect
38
Developmental psychology is the study of:
the stages of life and the important tasks of each.
the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential
changes in behavior & abilities from conception to death.
language,personality,& emotions of children and adolescents.
39
Confirmation Bias refers to
tendency to remember only info that negates belief
tendency to look only for info that negates belief
tendency to remember only info that supports belief
tendency to look only for info that supports belief
40
What is structuralism?
Used classification to reveal structure of thehuman mind.
Used translation to reveal the structure of thehuman mind.
Used dissection to reveal the structure of thehuman mind.
Used introspection to reveal the structure of thehuman mind.
41
What is the Definition of Psychology?
Psycho-what-now?
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
That thing Mr.Reed Teaches
Sure it
42
sensory memory is also known as the first level of memory.
true!
false!
43
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
44
What is a Prototype?
The first thing that pops into your head
The first step in memory Recall
Best Example of a Category
Amental grouping of similar objects
45
Proactive interference occurs when:
Older memories cause forgettting of newer ones
We don't have the available cues to remember
Newer memories cause forgetting of older ones
Memories fade over time
46
Sociocultural Psychology
Study of humans and animals
Study of how situations & cultures affect behavior/thoughts
Study of the measurement of human abilities and traits
Study of evolution
47
The loss of memory.
amnesia
explicit memory
implicit memory
short-term memory
48
When the primary and recency effect demonstrate the
Flashbulb Memory
Eidetic Memory
Serial Postion Effect
Semantic Network Theory
49
What are the humanistic perspectives?
all of the above
we are free to choose our own behavior
people's personal experiences are very important
stresses the human capacity for self-fulfillment
50
Wilhelm Wundt was responsible for
Establishing behaviorism
Treating patients for various psychosomatic complaints
Experimenting with introspection
Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory
51
Gestalt Psychology says...
ESP is real
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
we always notice the little things right away
its hard to see without a strong threshold
52
encoding of picture images.
acoustic encoding
picture encoding
visual encoding
semantic encoding
53
Define Chunking:
How the brain functions
Doing the same thing
Expanding the capacity of the STM
Expanding the capacity of LTM.
54
what is Automatic encoding
Info is taken and remembered without effort
Memory that keeps slipping away
A function that helps your decision making
forcefully trying to remember information
55
Sigmund Freud was responsible for
Being a gestalt psychologist
Establishing behaviorism
Experimenting with introspection
Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory
56
a mnemonic device helps you to ____________________
digest your food more slowly
memorize information
make up a silly sentence
exercise
57
Sensory memory has ______ capacity for information and ______duration
high; long
low; long
low; short
high; short
58
What is permastore?
some memory can persist for very long periods of time.
you can choose which memories you forget.
you can't choose memories that you want to forget.
some memories go away very quickly.
59
hindsight bias and overconfidence often make people...
underestimate their knowledge
to have confidence
overestimate their potential
underestimate their potential
60
What is Wilhelm Wundt known for?
Reinforcement theory
Father of psychology
Father of functionalism
Developmental psychology
61
An implicit memory is...
A very vivid life-like memory
A memory that one is not completely conscious of
A memory of a past event
A memory of a procedure
62
Who is the father of psychology?
Gervase Mitchell
James Watson
Wilhelm Wundt
Sigmund Freud
63
Humanistic Psychology helped pave the way for ___?
Positive Psychology
Health Psychology
Negative Psychology
Developmental Psychology
64
rehearsal
repetition of information in order to maintain it.
What theater casts do to prepare.
remembering how to read
a cognition operation that includes things you already know.
65
Who was Jean Piaget?
psychologist in child development
psychologist in neurology
psychologist in behavior
psychologist for classic conditioning
66
Edward Titchener is to _____ as William James is to ______.
structuralism; functionalism
behaviorism; functionalism
funcitonalism; behaviorism
structuralism; behaviorism
67
Cognition is the process of
understanding unconscious thought
being a positive person
choosing the correct choice on a test
thinking or mentally processing information
68
Retrieval is also known as
Stored
Forget
Recall
Restored
69
What is functionalism?
multitasking
an activity or purpose intended for a person or thing
work or operate in a proper or particular way
Focusing on the functions of consciousness
