Abrasion is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?

water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other

45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.

What would happen if thermohaline circulation stopped?

colder Europe and warmer tropics

What is NOT true about the Carbon Cycle?

Only effects Earth's atmosphere

What does the SECOND mentioned "P" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?

Population of humans rising quickly

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids

the removal and transport of rock

What is the correct order of coal formation?

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

Frost wedging is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?

The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart

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EES Final Exam Review PART 2

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Answers

1
Abrasion is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
2
Which process is NOT involved in the hydrologic cycle?
Evaporation
Infiltration
Condensation
Cementation
3
What percentage of Earth's water is fresh?
3%
97%
15%
0.6%
4
Convection currents occur in the ____________.
Asthenosphere
Atmosphere
Inner Core
Mantle
5
When continent-continent convergence occurs, what forms?
deep ocean trench
volcanoes
mountains
6
What causes surface ocean currents to be deflected?
local winds
Earth's revolution
the Coriolis effect
global winds
7
Which of the following is NOT identified as a renewable energy resource?
Hydroelectric Power
Solar Energy
Nuclear Energy
Geothermal Energy
8
Soil consists of...
45% dirt, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45% minerals, 25% CO2, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45% dirt, 25% CO2, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter
9
The number and variety of species in an ecosystem is known as _______.
Biovariety
Biomity
Biodiversity
Biorichness
10
Two plates dividing describes which type of plate boundary?
Division
Transform
Convergent
Divergent
11
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Formed from a magma (molten rock)
Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.
Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids
12
When ocean-ocean convergence occurs, what forms?
mid-ocean ridge
mountains
volcanoes
trench & volcanic island arc
13
Huge moving current systems on the ocean's surface made of 4 currents are called ________.
el nino and la nina
gyres
currents
thermohaline circulation
14
The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from ________.
temperature differences
wave action
wind
salinity variations
15
Underwater mountain chain where seafloor spreading occurs is called what?
Mid-ocean Ridge
Magnetic Reversals
Subduction Zones
Mariana Trench
16
Windbreaks, silt fences, vegetation, terraced plowing, etc. are all examples of what?
Erosion eliminator
Erosion control
Erosion advancer
17
What is created at an ocean-ocean divergent boundary?
mid-ocean ridge
continental rift
mountains
18
What temperature water holds the most nutrients and dissolved gases?
lukewarm water
frozen water
cold water
warm water
19
Scientists think plate tectonic movement is caused by which of the following processes?
Convection Currents
GPS
Radiation
None of these
20
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 pieces of evidence supporting Continental Drift?
fossil evidence
signs of human life
geologic structures
puzzle pieces
21
What is described as "the characteristic condition of the atmosphere for a region. The long-term weather (30 years+)"?
Weather Condition
Season
Weather Pattern
Climate
22
When ocean-continent convergence occurs, what forms?
mountains
continental volcanic arc
volcanic island arc
23
What are two different types of crust?
Nazca/Eurasian
Lithosphere/Mesosphere
Continental/Oceanic
Laurasia/Gondwana
24
What would happen if thermohaline circulation stopped?
colder tropics and warmer Europe
colder Europe and warmer tropics
warmer Europe and warmer tropics
no change in global temperatures
25
What does the "I" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Introduction Species
Industrialization
Invasive Species
26
The order of soil horizons from top to bottom is...
Bedrock, A, B, C, O
A, B, C, O, Bedrock
Bedrock, C, B, A, O
O, A, B, C, Bedrock
27
Which type of river is v-shaped with steep sides?
Youthful River
Old Age River
Mature River
28
The agents of weathering and erosion include water, wind, ice, and gravity.
False
True
29
What is NOT true about the Carbon Cycle?
Carbon is rare in nature and usually combined with other elements (CO2, CO)
It includes sinks and processes
Only effects Earth's atmosphere
Demonstrates the cycling and impact of burning fossil fuels
30
Chemical weathering occurs when _______ forces break apart rock.
internal
chemical
external
physical
31
Two plates sliding past one another describes which type of plate boundary?
Divergent
Transform
Convergent
Collision
32
What are the two types of Sedimentary Rock?
Clastic & Chemical/Biochemical
Oceanic & Continental
Foliated & Nonfoliated
Intrusive & Extrusive
33
Which is the cooler phase of the ENSO Cycle?
El Nina
La Nina
El Nino
La Nino
34
What does the SECOND mentioned "P" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Population of humans rising quickly
Pollution
Precipitation
Protection
35
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids
Formed from a magma (molten rock)
Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.
36
Two plates colliding describes which type of plate boundary?
Divergent
Transform
Uplifting
Convergent
37
What is erosion?
the removal and transport of rock
sediments are dropped
sediments are squeezed or compacted
any process that breaks rocks into sediments
38
The rising of cooler water from the deep ocean to replace warmer surface water is called _________.
La Nina
upwelling
El Nino
walker circulation
39
What does the "O" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Overuse
Overexploitation
All of the above
Overharvesting
40
What is the correct order of coal formation?
lignite, bituminous, anthracite, peat
anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat
peat, lignite, anthracite, bituminous
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
41
The storage and movement of water through rock and soil is called an _____.
aquifer
zone of saturation
zone of aeration
water table
42
Ocean tides result largely from the gravitational attraction of the
other planets
sun
core of the Earth
moon
43
What are the 3 components of soil? (Used in the Soil Texture Triangle)
Soil, silt, clay
Soil, dirt, clay
Sand, silt, clay
44
What are the two types of Metamorphic Rock?
Intrusive & Extrusive
Oceanic & Continental
Clastic & Chemical/Biochemical
Foliated & Nonfoliated
45
What does the FIRST mentioned "P" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Precipitation
Pollution
Protection
Population
46
_____ energy sources that cannot be replenished in a short period of time while ______ can be replenished naturally
Renewable, Nonrenewable
Alternative, Natural
Clean, Alternative
Nonrenewable, Renewable
47
Which is NOT one of the earthquake waves we learned about?
W-waves
surface waves
P-waves
S-waves
48
What are the 2 settings in which metamorphic rocks are formed?
heat & pressure
convergent & divergent
oceanic & continental
contact & regional
49
Frost wedging is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
50
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Methane (CH4)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Water Vapor (H2O)
51
The tide with the greatest tidal range that occurs when the moon and sun are aligned is the ______ tide.
Moon
Spring
Sun
Neap
52
________ is a single, identifiable source of pollution while ______ occurs over a wide area and is not easily identified
Single Source Pollution, Multisource Pollution
Nonpoint Source Pollution, Point Source Pollution
Multisource Pollution, Single Source Pollution
Point Source Pollution, Nonpoint Source Pollution
53
Which two processes are most associated with metamorphic rock?
heat & pressure
internal & external
compaction & cemetation
melting & cooling
54
A food chain is a sequence of organisms where energy is transferred while a _______ is complex series of feeding
Food Pyramid
Trophic level
Food Web
Predator Pyramid
55
Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
56
What two factors are used to classify climate in the Köppen climate classification system?
elevation and latitude
precipitation and location
temperature and precipitation
temperature and air pressure
57
The amount of dissolved salts in ocean water is ___________
halinity
thermohalinity
density
salinity
58
How are igneous rocks formed?
Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.
Formed from a magma (molten rock)
Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids
59
The tide with the smallest tidal range that occurs when the moon and sun are at right angles to Earth is the _____ tide.
Sun
Spring
Moon
Neap
60
Ocean currents affect world climate by...
spreading plant and animal life over a wider area
transferring heat to and from various regions
carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins
ensuring ocean density is not the same globally
61
What does the "H" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Habitat Loss
Habitat Protection
Human Population Growth
Human Impact
62
The surface of the Earth is called the:
Inner Core
Mantle
Crust
Outer Core
63
Which soil is the best to support plant life?
Sandy loam soils
Sandy soils
Clay-rich soils
Loam soils
64
The outermost rigid layer of Earth that includes the crust and the upper mantle is called _____
Inner Core
Mantle
Oceanic
Lithosphere
65
What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?
Greenhouse effect naturally warms Earth & global warming is a human impact
Global warming naturally warms Earth & greenhouse effect is a human impact
66
"A mixture of dissolved gases and solids in pure water" describes...
freshwater
ocean water
icebergs
sea ice
67
Which type of river has experienced the most erosion with almost flat sides?
Old Age River
Mature River
Youthful River
68
________ is the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance
Sustainability
Ecological Effort
Protection
69
Hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single Landmass then broke apart:
Continental Drift
Laurasia
Lithosphere Displacement
Plate Movement
70
What is weathering?
any process that breaks rocks into sediments
sediments are squeezed or compacted
sediments are dropped
the removal and transport of rock
71
What are the 4 basic climate zones?
dry, tropical, temperate, polar/cold
desert, tropical, tundra, polar/cold
dry, tropical, mild, polar/cold
desert, tropical, temperate, polar/cold
72
Which ocean is the smallest and shallowest?
Atlantic
Arctic
Southern
Pacific
73
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
Natural Gas
Wood
Coal
Oil/Petroleum
74
Organic/Biological activity is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
75
Which ocean is the largest and deepest?
Pacific
Southern
Atlantic
Indian
76
Which two processes are most associated with sedimentary rock?
heat & pressure
internal & external
melting & cooling
compaction & cemetation
77
Which plate boundary is MOST associated with earthquakes?
Transform
Divergent
Convergent
78
Which two processes are most associated with igneous rock?
internal & external
heat & pressure
melting & cooling
compaction & cemetation
79
________are located on the surface of the Earth, while the _______ is beneath the crust and located right below
shock, center
wave, release
focus, epicenter
epicenter, focus
80
What factor other than salinity affects the density of seawater?
temperature
latitude
salt content
depth
81
A subduction zone is where two plates do what?
Separate and form new continents.
Collide and one is pushed under and destroyed.
Spread apart to form new crust.
Collide and form mountains.
82
Which of the following factors does NOT increase biodiversity?
temperature
nutrients
diverse habitat
geographic isolation
83
What is created at an continent-continent divergent boundary?
mid-ocean ridge
continental rift
mountains
84
Which is NOT one of the 4 pieces of evidence for the theory of Plate Tectonics?
Puzzle pieces
Hot Spots
Eathquake Patterns
Paleomagnetism
85
What are the two types of Igneous Rock?
Foliated & Nonfoliated
Intrusive & Extrusive
Oceanic & Continental
Clastic & Chemical/Biochemical
86
The three types of chemical weathering include all except...
Acid Dissolution
Oxidation
Dioxisis
Hydrolysis
87
Which is the warmer phase of the ENSO Cycle?
La Nino
El Nina
El Nino
La Nina
88
________ is a process by which waterways become enriched with nutrients from the surrounding watershed
Infiltration
Upwelling
Eutrophication
Percolation
89
What are the agents of metamorphism?
heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions
heat, pressure, and compaction
heat, pressure, and erosion
heat, pressure, and water
90
What percentage of Earth's crust is covered in ocean water?
95%
75%
71%
91%
91
The ocean layer of rapid temperature change with depth is known as the ___________
thermocline
surf zone
mixed zone
pycnocline
92
Mechanical weathering occurs when _______ forces break apart rock.
chemical
internal
external
physical
93
What percentage of ocean water is made up of dissolved minerals?
5%
5.3%
3%
3.5%
94
The ocean later of rapid density change with depth is known as the _________
thermocline
pycnocline
mixed zone
surf zone

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