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Age of Enlightenment Flashcards | StudBud
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Age of Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment
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1
All of these rulers were Enlightened Despots, at least for a while, EXCEPT...
Louis XIV of France
Joseph II of Austria
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Catherine the Great of Russia
2
The ____ theory of the universe taught by the Catholic Church that stated the Earth was at the center of the universe.
earthcentric
geocentric
paleocentric
heliocentric
3
Which statement explains the change from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy?
Citizens wanted a stronger voice in their government
The divine right of kings to rule was reinforced
Kings and Queens wished to maintain authority and control
The power of feudal lords was affirmed
4
This English thinker believed that all men are selfish, greedy, and cruel.
Plato
Hobbes
Locke
Socrates
5
John Locke believed that the job of the government was to protect people's natural rights.
True
False
6
What were salons?
Where Enlightenment thinkers went to get their "hair did."
Meetings where Kings would complain about the Enlightenment
A bar in the old west.
Meetings were Enlightenment thinkers would share ideas.
7
Scientific thought is based on
traditional ways of thinking
the authority of the church
observation and experimentation
the ideas of classic philosophers
8
Which of the following is NOT one of Locke's natural rights of man?
Life
Liberty
Happiness
Property
9
All of these were inventions of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT...
antibiotics
the microscope
vaccines
the telescope
10
Why did Montesquieu think that separation of powers was an important aspect of government?
So no one person could abuse all of the power.
So the government could employ more people.
So things could get done faster.
So he could get his name in history books.
11
What was Voltaire most concerned about in regards to the rights of the people?
Free Expression
Free Cupcakes
Free Education
Free Transportation
12
Which "philosophe" advocated for the division of powers, or "branches of government"?
Montesquieu
Voltaire
None of them
Jean Jaques Rousseau
13
____ (an Italian scientist) made 1 of the 1st telescopes. He was forced to recant his teachings because of the church
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Sir Isaac Newton
14
______ was a Polish scientist. He developed the heliocentric theory (sun-centered solar system)
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Sir Isaac Newton
Johannes Kepler
15
What was the
first
fighting engagement of the American Revolution?
The Battle of Yorktown
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Saratoga and Trenton
The Battle of Bunker Hill
16
Which "philosophe" fought for freedom of religion and freedom of speech?
None of them
Jean Jaques Rousseau
Montesquieu
Voltaire
17
When a country's constitution requires the branches of government to check and balance others..
it is showing separation of powers.
it is showing direct democracy.
it is showing popular sovereignty.
it is showing federalism.
18
__ (an English scientist) described the law of gravity & laid the foundation for modern physics
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Sir Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
19
____ said the purpose of gov't is to protect people's natural rights: life, liberty, & property
John Locke
Erasmus
Montaigne
Thomas Hobbes
20
What Enlightenment thinker said that Kings DO NOT have Divine Right?
Hobbes
Locke
Beccaria
Rousseau
21
Which document was heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas?
Warsaw Pact
Magna Carta
US Constitution
Cam Newton's contract
22
This English philosopher believed governments were meant to protect the rights of citizens.
Hobbes
Plato
Socrates
Locke
23
Who did Absolute Monarchs have to answer to?
The People.
The Congress.
Their pets.
No one.
24
In the 1600's, before the Enlightenment, what type of government was the most common?
Communist
Democracy
Absolute Monarchy
Socialist
25
What was one effect of Copernicus' theory of a sun-centered solar system?
It allowed sailors to predict tides more accurately.
It disputed Church teachings regarding the universe.
It required a revision of the Christian calendar.
It resulted in a decline in pagan religions.
26
"Enlightened" monarchs believed in all of the following except
cultural values of the Enlightenment
democracy
reform
secularism (religious tolerance)
27
The period when philosophers emphasized reason is called the
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Age of Truth
Human Condition
28
Which of the following views did Wollstonecraft hold?
Men and women should have equal rights to education
The pursuit of happiness is best deferred to the afterlife
Governments should not protect individual liberties
Monarchy is the best form of government
29
Which "philosophe" professed that all men are created equal?
Voltaire
None of them
Jean Jaques Rousseau
Montesquieu
30
The __________ stripped Massachusetts of the right to self-government and judicial independence
Townshend Acts
Stamp Act
Tea Act
Intolerable Acts
31
____ said people made a social contract w/ their gov't & gave up their rights to live in safety
John Locke
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Thomas Hobbes
32
What type of government did Thomas Hobbes believe was the best for society?
Democracy
Communisim
Absolute Monarchy
Theocracy
33
What Enlightenment thinker said that punishments should fit the crime?
Smith
Voltaire
Beccaria
Hobbes
34
Which two men are known for their contributions to the development of the scientific method?
Renee Descartes & Isaac Newton
Francis Bacon & Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus & Galileo Galilei
Francis Bacon & Renee Descartes
35
In 1651, what was imposed on the colonists that forced them to only sell their goods to Britain
Stamp Act
Tea Act
Intolerable Acts
Navigation Acts
36
The correct order of the scientific method is as follows: Observation, Questions, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion
True
False
37
____ was a German scientist. He used math & astronomy to prove the heliocentric theory correct.
Sir Isaac Newton
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
