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CP Psych Exam Review
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1
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
2
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
3
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
4
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
5
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
6
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
7
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
8
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
9
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
10
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
11
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
12
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
13
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
14
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
15
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
16
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
construct validity
standardization
17
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
18
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
synaptic cleft
terminal button
neurotransmiters
19
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
20
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
EEG
MRI
PET
21
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
22
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
23
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
24
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
25
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
26
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
27
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
28
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
29
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
30
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
31
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
32
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
33
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
34
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
35
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
36
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
37
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
sight
balance
38
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
39
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
40
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
41
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
archetypes
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
42
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
43
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
44
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
45
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
46
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
normally distributed
variances
outliers
47
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
48
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
49
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
projective
triarchic
standardized
50
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
correlation study
51
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
cognitive
52
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
53
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
54
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
personality
anixety
55
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
56
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
57
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
58
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
split-half reliability
59
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
60
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
brain injury
relearning effect
proactive interference
61
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
62
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
63
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
64
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
median
range
standard deviation
65
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
66
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
67
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
68
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
69
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
70
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
71
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
72
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
William James
B.F. Skinner
73
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
74
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
75
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
76
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
77
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
in-group bias
individualism
self-serving bias
78
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
79
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
80
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
81
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
environment
family
temperament
82
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
observational learning
83
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
84
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
85
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
86
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
lithium
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
87
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
88
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
attachment
object permanence
89
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
reaction formation
projection
90
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
91
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
92
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
93
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
94
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
95
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
96
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
97
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
98
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
social facilitation
group polarization
groupthink
99
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
100
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
101
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
touch
hearing
sight
102
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
retina
fovea
blind spot
103
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
latent learning
mirror neurons
modeling
104
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
105
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
106
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
107
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
108
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
109
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
biological
110
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
111
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
112
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
continuous
113
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
114
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
mid 30s
115
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
116
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
circadian rhythm
117
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
118
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
119
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
situational
behavioral
social
120
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
121
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
122
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
123
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
language acquisition device
124
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
125
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
126
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
token economy
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
127
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
128
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
assignment to conditions
129
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
130
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
131
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
Babinski
stepping
132
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
133
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
linear perspective
retinal disparity
closure
134
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
135
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
136
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
mean
median
range
137
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
95
68
84
138
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
139
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
140
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
habituation
assimilation
discrimination
141
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
142
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
143
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
144
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
145
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
146
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
beta waves
alpha waves
delta waves
147
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
primary
continuous
secondary
148
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
149
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
approach-avoidance
postconventional
James-Lange
150
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
optic nerve
fovea
151
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
neuroticism
openness
conscientiousness
152
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
153
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
154
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
155
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
156
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
external
fundamental
internal
157
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cones
cornea
rods
158
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
159
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
160
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
161
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
162
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
163
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory