PEDS Final

Varicella Zoster. Fever with itchy fluid filled blisters. High risk for Reye’s Syndrome (especially if taking aspirin)

Mile stones: at what age should the baby hold head up when on tummy, move both arms and legs, open hands briefly

This reflex is triggered by unexpected occurrences. Integrates btwn 2-4 mo. Progresses into adult startle response

Requires substantial support. Intense challenges that affect ADLs, difficult to “mask”. Stimming.

Milestone:what age does baby hold head w/o support, hold/ reach for toys, bring hands to mouth, go onto elbows on tummy

Signs and symptoms: salty tasting skin, persistent productive cough, greasy bulky stools, *no passage of meconium*

Inflammation of the mesenteric lymph- can be ACUTE OR CHRONIC- in RLQ often mistaken as appendicitis. Self- limiting

Neurobehavioral disorder. Signs include: failure to listen to instructions, lack of organization, fidgeting, talks a lot

Ear infection management: C2 spinous rotated

AKA Stills Dz- a group of disorders that cause arthritis in children. M/C 2-5 y/o.

Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with infection. Dx is child has acute onset of one or more neuropsych symptoms

Involuntary urination in a child who has demonstrated bladder control for at least 4-6 months.

Infrequent, hard stools- NO BOWEL MVMNT FOR 3 DAYS. shown to occur more in children with autism. Know chart ^

Emerges in utero- integrated 8 mo. Stroke sole of foot towards toes, (+) curling toes, (-) no response

Contagious. Oral-fecal route (high risk with frequent dirty diaper contact) dark urine, jaundice, gray stool

If this reflex is still present after integration period- baby may experience poor hand writing&hand- eye coordination

paramyxovirus. Fever and painful swelling of glands of the head/neck. Can impact hearing. inflamed testicles,or orchitis

This reflex aka Trunk Incurvation Reflex- integrated 6 mo. crawling reflex. (+) ipsi lat hip hike.

Pts with MD will likely have calf pseudohypertrophy (false enlargement) due to fatty infiltration and will often have __

Developmental, neurological, immune, inflammatory, and gut fxn disorder. Tend to have heavy metal overload.

Absence of this reflex means possible transverse cord lesion. If retained, it can present with “ants in the pants” etc

A baby should be turning at

Kolpik spots on cheeks, rash that begins in the hairline and spreads down over the course of 3 days

Bilateral earache is (less/most) common and highly suspect of ____

Telescoping of one pt of intestine to another. M/c/c of intestinal obstruction in children <2 y/o. MEDICAL EMERGENCY

When performing the ear exam- the otoscope handle should be

Strabismus: ___- one or both eyes turn inward (CN VI palsy) and ___- one or both eyes turn outward

A disorder where the eyes don’t look in the same direction. Most affected mm is lateral recuts.

Requires low support. Speaks full sentences, attempts friendships, struggles with back and forth convo

Milestones: What age does baby sits by themselves, moves things from one had to the other, uses fingers to “rake” food

Occurs in children that are formula AND breast fed. It is a diagnosis for exclusion.

Normal development until 30 months old can often rule out

Requires very substantial lifelong support. Cannot mask, complete ADLs, deal with change or communicate efficiently

After basic stabilization of the core in the sagittal plane completes, function of the extremities occur

Genetic dz causes progressive weakness and loss of mm mass. MRI to evaluate fatty infiltrationof hips, thighs, & glutes

The “rule of three” for infantile colic includes:

After inguinal hernia, this is the M/C condition that requires surgery after the first 2 months of life. SURGICAL EMERG.

If this reflex is present after integration period, baby may experience hypersens. around lips/mouth, speech prob, etc

🚩RED FLAGS🚩 always check for evidence of peritonitis- guarding/ rebound tenderness & and fever

AKA Down syndrome. M/c chromosomal disorder w/ full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21

Bilious vomiting, sausage shaped mass in RUQ, distended abdomen, rectal bloodstained mucus w/ currant jelly stools

Postural control is gained in the ___ position before the ___ position.

Repetitively doing the same thing over and over again that serve as self-regulation through stimulation

Bacterial infection as a complication of untreated strep. 5-15 y/o. Strawberry tongue. My brother got this lol

M/c/c by infection. Inflammation of epiglottis, causing blockage to lungs. Refer to ER for intravenous antibiotics

M/C reason for absences in school-aged children. 75% of children have their first onset before age 5.

Not communicable.Progressive and global loss of mm tone. Death due to diaphragm paralysis.

Cyclical vomiting is not caused by underlying infection/ illness, but possible triggers could include:

This helps the body eliminate toxins, kills bacteria, indicates working immune system, etc

Failure to pass meconium within 24-48 hours- treatment involves surgery to remove affected portion of colon.

Scarf sign: the hypotonic baby's elbow (will/will not) cross midline, and normal tone baby's arm (will/will not) cross

Ear infections are most commonly due to

GERD DDX should include:

Neuromuscular/ Physical Maturity score can be used for up to ____ after birth

A positive Moro reflex response would be:

Most common food allergy that presents with b/l ear aches is:

A congenital condition where nerve cells in the wall of the colon do not develop properly. Digestion complications occur

DDX for pyloric stenosis would be (select two):

Contagious viral infect. Coughing, wheezing, runny/stuffy nose, difficult feeding/breathing, rapid/labored breathing

The surgery needed for laryngomalacia, where the floppy tissues of the larynx are trimmed or reshaped is called

A neurological disorder caused by a non progressive brain injury due to lack of oxygen to the brain. Often dx at 3 mo.

Rare bacterial infect.-creates a thick layer of dead cells in the throat that impact/cut off breathing. CANT be scraped

Three types of botulism:

Neuromuscular/Physical Maturity Score aka new mallard score is used for determining:

History for a child with asthma should include:

This reflex is integrated at 12 months. Place finger inside mouth, baby should respond with strong, rhythmic suckling.

M/C type of intestinal worm in the US. Spreads from child to child. Treat w/ oral medication. Scotch tape removal

If this reflex is still present after integration period, child may experience delayed walking

Progressive non-bilious projectile vomiting after feeding. Firm, non tender mass in URQ known as “an olive”

Rare disorder that causes repeated episodes of nausea and vomiting. Not well understood.

Primitive reflexes come from the BRAINSTEM and should be rechecked ___ if abnormal

A baby’s first stool, dark and sticky like tar. If passed during delivery, can be sign of renal distress or other comp.

Emerges in utero- integrated by 3-4 mo. Stroke palm towards finger tips. Baby has powerful grip. Involuntary release.

Indicators of chronic allergies include: (increase risk for asthma, eczema, & food allergies)

JRA signs and symptoms may include:

It is normal for breast-fed babies to go up to 7 days without having a bowel movement.

___ extremities serve as support, ___ top extremities are for stepping forward/ reaching

If this reflex is still present after integration period, can experience tongue thrust, diff. swallow/chew, speech prob

Moro reflex: 4 means of stimulation:

How do you perform Scarf sign when assessing muscle tone?

Most commonly an allergic rxn to formulas. If there is NO weight gain- evaluate for other dx

PS DDX explained: gastroenteritis- vomit, diarrhea, no appetite, etc & GERD- vomit, decreased weight, no dehydration

Screened through material blood tests where they check for high levels of alpha-fetoprotein

Milestones: What age does baby roll from tum to back, push up with straight arms when on tummy, & lean on hands when sat

If meconium is swallowed it can lead to ___, resulting in difficult/ rapid breathing, blueish skin, lung damage (severe)

Increase in number of stools with increased water content. The poop itself isn’t the clinical concern- DEHYDRATION is

Congenital condition that affects the development of the larynx. Noisy breathing, strider, difficult feeding.

Involuntary urination at night in children over 5 who have NOT yet established consistent nocturnal bladder control

Transverse line/crease btwn cartilage of nose and the bone due to wiping upward with palm.

Select the components of the muscle tone assessment

M/C form of muscular dystrophy is __- a progressive X-linked muscle wasting dz.

Group A beta-hem strep-v contagious. Dermatitis of anus with bright red, moist rash, itching, rectal pain. 6 mo- 10 yo.

Signs and symptoms of epiglottis include:

Utilizing upper extremity to “walk up their legs” to stand upright. This is due to weakness in their thighs and pelvis.

This reflex is integrated at 4 months. Stroke baby’s cheek under zygo arch to corner of mouth, head should turn and suck

Know the differences btwn PANS and PANDAS