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Blanchard AP--Ch14 Mendel & the Gene Idea Flashcards | StudBud
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Blanchard AP--Ch14 Mendel & the Gene Idea
Blanchard AP--Ch14 Mendel & the Gene Idea
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1
An ideal procedure for fetal testing in humans would have which feature?
procedure that tests for greatest number of traits at once
procedure that tests for carrier status of the fetus
procedure that is performed at earliest time in pregnancy
lowest risk procedure that would provide most reliable info
2
Which procedure is most reasonable for serious disorder detected biochemically in fetal cells?
amniocentesis
ultrasound imaging
blood transfusion
CVS
3
Red-flowered x white-flowered→purple-flowered; flower color trait is an example of
incomplete dominance
pleiotropy
epistasis
codominance
4
Red-flowered x white-flowered→purple-flowered {long(dominant) or oval} RrLl x RrLl→pheno ratio?
6:3:3:2:1:1
1:1:1:1:1
9:3:3:1
9:4:3
5
Rare disorder causes early senility & death by age 13. Patients don't live to reproduce. Assume
May be due to mutation in single protein-coding gene
Future generations of family will have more cases over time
Disease is autosomal dominant
All cases occur in relatives; must be one mutant allele
6
Which of the following provides an example of epistasis?
Recessive genotypes (aabb) results in albino corn snake.
In cacti, there are several genes for the type of spines.
In many mammals, genotype (cc) prevents any fur color.
Allele b17 produces dominant phenotype, b1--b16 don't.
7
Mendel accounted for traits which disappeared in F
1
reappeared in F
2
by proposing that the
recessive traits were obscured by dominant ones in the F1.
mechanism guiding traits different between F1 & F2 plants.
traits were lost in F1 due to dominance of parental traits.
8
Plants crossed results in offspring with 3:1 ratio for specific trait. What does this suggest?
that each offspring has same alleles for each of two traits
that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait
that the trait shows incomplete dominance
that a blending of traits has occurred
9
Why did F
1
offspring of Mendel's pea cross always look like one of the 2 parental varieties?
One phenotype was completely dominant over another.
No genes interacted to produce the parentalphenotype.
The traits blended together during fertilization.
Different genes interacted to produce theparental phenotype.
10
Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F
2
or F
3
generation?
to observe whether or not the dominant trait would reappear
to distinguish which alleles were segregating
to observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear
to be able to describe the frequency of recombination
11
Mendel drew his ideas of segregation & independent assortment because which influence?
Experiments with breeding of plants such as peas & fuchsia.
His reading of scientific literature current in the field.
His reading and discussion of Darwin's Origin of Species.
His discussions with his colleagues at major universities.
12
What was the most significant conclusion that Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?
Organism homozygous for recessive traits is at disadvantage.
There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.
Traits inherited in units & not the results of blending.
Genes are composed of DNA.
13
Frequency of sickle-cell is unusually high, because it reduces malaria cases. Relationship is
related to Darwin's explanation of natural selection.
related to Mendel's law of independent assortment.
related to Mendel's law of segregation.
related to Darwin's observations of completion.
14
RRAA x rraa = all F1 red, axial flowers; 1000 F2 offspring. How many of F2 are red, terminal?
65
190
565
250
15
PKU is recessive disorder (person can't metabolize particular amino acid). Best treatment?
Transfuse patient with blood from unaffected donors.
Feed them substrate that can be metabolized into amino acid.
Feed patient an excess of missing product.
Regulate diet to severely limit uptake of the amino acid.
16
In the cross
AaBbCc
×
AaBbCc
, what is the probability of producing the genotype
AABBCC
?
1/16
1/8
1/64
1/32
17
Allele, if homozygous, results in death at/about the time of death. What is best use of info?
Design test for identifying heterozygous carriers of allele.
Screen all newborns of an at-risk population.
Follow segregation of allele during meiosis.
Introduce normal allele into deficient newborns.
18
Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability?
chance that 2 or more independent events will both occur
probability of producing two or more heterozygous offspring
probability that either 1 of 2 independent events will occur
likelihood that a trait is due to two or more meiotic events
19
NF1 is inherited as dominant gene. Young child is first in family to be diagnosed. Best reason?
Mother carries gene but doesn't express it at all.
Condition skipped generation in family.
One parent has very mild expression of the gene.
Child has different allele of gene than parents.
20
Mendel's law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the events of meiosis I?
alignment of tetrads at the equator
crossing over
separation of cells at telophase
separation of homologs at anaphase
21
Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?
white and purple flower color in peas
Huntington's disease in humans
the ABO blood group in humans
skin pigmentation in humans
22
RRAA x rraa = all F1 red, axial flowers; 1000 F2 offspring. How many of F2 are white axial?
3/16
1/16
1/8
9/16
23
Which describes the ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects?
epastasis
pleiotropy
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
24
Red-flowered x white-flowered →purple-flowered {long(dominant) or oval} RRLL x rrll→? F1
red & long
white & long
purple & long
purple & oval
25
A dihybrid cross...
involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters.
produces two progeny.
involves two parents.
is performed for two generations.
26
A monohybrid cross...
involves organisms that are heterozygous for one character.
produces a single progeny.
involves a single parent.
results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio
