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Bio Final
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A #biology review quiz to help me study for my #final.
Flashcards
148 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
148
Answers
1
Why is an enzyme's active site a lock and key mechanism?
Just because
It's active site is special
It is specific to one substrate
Dude idk, I'm running out of ideas
2
What makes a molecule inorganic?
Carbon
No carbon
3
Which connection allows for water and small solutes to move between cells using channels?
Taxonomy
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Plasmodesmata
Paleontology
4
Oxidation is the...
removal of hydrogen atoms
addition of hydrogen atoms
5
Which of three motor proteins interacts with actin filaments to create a muscle contraction?
Myosin
Thyosin
Gyosin
Syosin
6
What is the end product of the Calvin Cycle?
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Glucose
7
Directional Selection...
occurs when extreme phenotype is favored
occurs when extreme phenotype is not favored
occurs when extreme genotype is favored
occurs when extreme genotype is not favored
8
What is tested specifically when testing the egg?
Polar bodies
Unborn children
9
What are the two examples of treatments for cancer?
Chemotherapy
Radiation
10
What do enzymes do?
Do their job, that's what
Slow down reactions
Help metabolism
Speed up reactions
11
What is the mathematical way to indicate the number of hydrogen ions in a solution?
The correct usage of taxonomy
The pH scale
The periodic table of elements
Mrs. Kvapil didn't teach me this
12
What type of electrons leave the Electron Transport Chain?
Low energy
High energy
13
This is the exchange of chromosome segments between two nonhomologous chromosomes.
Translocation
Translation
Transcription
Thylakoid
14
Why would a female have a Chronic Villus sampling test?
For faster results
For earlier results
15
What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?
The electron transport chain
For enzymes to travel to their active sites
Marks boundary between the inside and outside of the cell
For water transportation through the cell
16
What sugar does DNA use?
Deoxyribose
Ribose
17
Have scientists been able to clone humans with federal funding?
Maybe
Yes
No
IDK
18
What type of macromolecules are enzymes?
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates
Proteins
19
Why is evolution and ongoing process?
The environment is constantly changing
The biosphere is constantly changing
Because natural selection occurs
Because speciation is always changing
20
Which reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?
Mitosis
Meiosis
21
Where do you find fossils and what do they tell us?
Found in the rock stomata and tell us the history of life.
Found in the rock stroma and tell us the history of life.
Found in the rock strata and tell us the history of life.
Found in the rock molten and tell us the history of life.
22
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Maltose
Glucose
Sucrose
Lactose
23
What type of bond forms when nitrogen gas is created?
Double bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen bonds
Triple covalent bonds
24
What was the main conclusion of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
More complex forms descended from more complex forms.
Less complex forms descended from less complex forms.
Less complex forms descended from less complex forms.
More complex forms descended from less complex forms.
25
What is an example of a Disaccharide?
Sucrose
All of the above
Maltose
Lactose
26
During Meiosis, what allows the daughter cells not to be identical to the parent cells?
Proteins
Crossing over
Disjunction
Nonjunction
27
What is the main purpose of a ribosome?
Cellular respiration
ATP production
Protein synthesis
To speed up reactions
28
What are the two ways to insert genetic material into human cells for treatment of a disorder?
Ex vivo
In vivo
29
What is the Theory of Evolution?
Considered a unifying concept in biology
Supposed to be an idea... or something
Just a theory, a GAME theory (lol)
The theory of evolution, duh
30
What is the smallest, most basic unit of life?
Molecule
Organism
Atom
Cell
31
A change in the sequence of bases in a gene can cause:
Transposons
Replication error
Mutagens
All of the above
32
What makes DNA Recombinant DNA?
It contains DNA from 6 or more organisms.
It contains DNA from 10 or more organisms.
It contains DNA from 2 or more organisms
It contains DNA from 4 or more organisms.
33
A Punnett square...
progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain
inserting cloned genes into an organism
shows all possible combinations of egg and sperm offspring
a chromosome segment is repeated
34
Who is the father of genetics?
Rosalind Franklin
Charles Darwin
Isaac Newton
Gregor Mendel
35
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid Punnett square?
1:3
3:1
9:3:3:1
9:1:1:3
36
What is paleontology?
The study of plants
The study of cats
The study of dinosaurs
The study of fossils
37
The Cell Theory states that all organisms are composed of...
molecules and those molecules come from other molecules
cells and those cells come from other pre-existing cells
proteins and those proteins come from other proetins
groups and those groups come from other groups.
38
Most eukaryotic cells rely on this structure to pull chromosomes apart.
Flagella
Spindle
Mitochondria
Chromosomes
39
When substances move from high to lower concentration, no additional energy required
Active Transport
Passive Transport
40
What is Microevolution?
Small, measurable evolutionary changes.
Big, measurable evolutionary changes.
41
What is the range of visible wavelength?
700-1000
280-650
400-800
380-750
42
In the structure of water, oxygen is (blank) and hydrogen is (blank)
Positive, negative
Positive, neutral
Negative, neutral
Negative, positive
43
What is the product of ATP?
3 Phosphorus
Energy
Pyruvate
DNA
44
DNA is wound around (blank). Before cell division, (blank) condenses into chromosomes.
Nucleosomes, prokaryotes
Double helix, proteins
Histones, chromatin
Histones, bases
45
(Blank) through natural selection through survival of the (blank).
Microevolution, genetic engineering
Speciation, natural selection
Evolution, natural selection
Evolution, fittest
46
What is the main energy currency of cells?
Electron Transport Chain
Mitochondria
ATP
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
47
During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP?
5
3
4
2
48
Where do you find pigments?
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
Mitochondria
Thylakoid
49
Reduction is the...
addition of hydrogen atoms
removal of hydrogen atoms
50
Process where populations accumulate adaptations over time to become more suited to environment
Taxonomy
Adaptations
Paleontology
Evolution
51
Which tumor can a surgeon remove to prevent cancer from spreading and why?
Benign, it is within a capsule preventing it from spreading.
Malign, it is able to spread.
52
Name TWO characteristics of Turner syndrome.
Webbed neck and less developed breast and ovaries
Webbed neck and less developed arms and legs
Short neck, less developed breast and ovaries
Long neck, less developed breast and ovaries
53
What is the function of tRNA?
Transfer nucleotides to the ribosome.
Transfer proteins to the ribosome.
Transfer amino acids to the ribosome.
Transfer DNA to the ribosome.
54
Where do the hydrogen ions, in the thylakoid base, come from?
The splitting of salt
The addition of water
The splitting of water
The splitting of atoms
55
What are two structures do all vertebrates have at one point?
Postanal tail and paired wings
Postanal tail and paired pharyngeal arms
Postanal tail and paired pharyngeal pouches
Postanal butt and paired pharyngeal pouches
56
What are the coenzymes in charge of carrying the hydrogen atoms in cellular respiration?
Glucose and Sucrose
DNA and RNA
NAD and FAD
NaCl and NH2
57
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Cell wall
Flagella
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
58
How many
chromosomes
does a human have?
46
23
59
A Hypothesis is a ...
A law concluded by a group of scientists
Possible explanation for an event
A theory for an unknown conclusion
An idea created by Charles Darwin
60
What is one organelle that is found in plants but not in animals?
Vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplast
All of the above
61
This is the process of inserting cloned genes into an organism.
Genetic insertion
Genetic mutation
Genetic engineering
Genetic replacement
62
What is an example of a gene mutation and characteristics?
Hair and eye color
Short fingers and long toes
Foot size and clothing size
Big nose and small ears
63
All nucleotides contain a (blank) a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing (blank).
Phosphorus, protein
Phosphate, base
Sugar, molecule
Base, phosphate
64
Where do the light reactions occur in a plant cell?
Plasma membrane
Stomata
Roots
Thylakoid
65
How do you form a triglyceride?
2 glycerol and 4 fatty acids, through dehydration reaction
6 glycerol and 9 fatty acids, through hydrolysis reaction
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids, through dehydration reaction
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids, through hydrolysis reaction
66
Butter is an example of what type of fatty acid?
A creamy fatty acid
A salty fatty acid
A saturated fatty acid
A fat fatty acid
67
What type of mutation is this? THE CAT ATE THE RAT –> C Removed -> THE ATA TET HER AT.
Deletion mutation
Frameshift mutation
Insertion mutation
Disease mutaion
68
What is the other molecule that all organisms have in common?
RNA
DNA
Cytochrome C
ATP
69
What is happening to the cell cycle that causes cancer?
Cell mutation out of control.
Cell division out of control.
70
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion of molecules across a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion of salt across a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion of steam across a semipermeable membrane.
71
The human body contains a
(blank)
to help the pH of blood stay at 7.4
A buffer
A receptor protein
A restriction enzyme
A PCR
72
What are two characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome?
No hair and small ears
Very long legs and very long arms
Some breast development and long fingers
Webbed neck and no eyes
73
What type of enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sites?
Sulfur enzyme
Scissor enzyme
Restriction enzyme
Protein enzyme
74
Why was the pea, Pisum sativa, a good organism to study?
Was the only organism around
Peas are vegetables
Was a pretty plant and can be used as food later
Easy to cultivate and can cross pollinate by hand
75
Ammonia w/ ph of 11 has...
More hydrogen and is basic
More hydrogen and is acidic
Less hydrogen and is neutral
Less hydrogen and is basic
76
Specific combination of bonded atoms that always have same chemical properties and reactions.
Dysfunctional group
Heterozygous group
Homologous group
Functional group
77
During what checkpoint is DNA replication verified, and if damaged, it is repaired?
G2
S
G1
G0
78
What powers the Calvin Cycle?
ATP and NADPH
RNA and NADPH
DNA and RNA
ATP and FADPH
79
What encodes for a single amino acid?
DNA
mRNA
Codon
Anti-codon
80
Because
(blank)
is the final electron acceptor,
(blank)
is produced.
Oxygen, hydrogen
Hydrogen, oxygen
Hydrogen, water
Oxygen, water
81
According to Darwin, variations are (blank) to the natural selection process.
Important
Essential
Kinda essential
Not really that important
82
Which part of the cell cycle takes the longest?
Metaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Cytokinesis
83
Describe Turner syndrome.
Absence of a second X chromosome, (XO)
Absence of a second Y chromosome, (YO)
84
What is the name of the process that shows the flow of DNA to RNA to a protein?
Dogma of Biology
Translation and Transcription
DNA sequence
Polymerase Chain Reaction
85
Adaptations are perfect, true or false?
True
False
86
What are the 6 elements that make up 98% of the human body? (CHNOPS)
Chlorine, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, Sulfur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Carbohydrate, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, Silicon
87
What is Apoptosis? And when can a cell go through Apoptosis?
Programmed cell death. G0
Programmed cell rebirth. S
Programmed cell rebirth. G1
Programmed cell death. G1
88
When ATP is converted to ADP, it is what kind of reaction?
A potential reaction
A kinetic reaction
A similar reaction
A coupled reaction
89
Why are cohesion and adhesion important in plants?
For chlorophyll production
For water transport in plants
For photosynthesis in plants
For cellular respiration
90
What is Kinetic energy?
Energy in motion
Stored energy
91
DNA fingerprinting uses what type of coding?
Coding segments
Non-coding segments
92
In the plasma membrane, the tail is...
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
93
Who was the first person to discover DNA was a double helix and had repeating portions?
Charles Darwin
Isaac Newton
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
94
Who was the other scientist who agreed with Charles Darwin?
Isaac Newton
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
Alfred Russel Wallace
95
Where do you find alleles?
In the genus of a chromosome.
In the gene locus of a chromosome.
In the DNA of a chromosome.
In the gene locus of a DNA strand.
96
What is another type of photosynthesis plants can go through depending on the environment?
C4
All of the above
CAM
C3 and C4
97
The Calvin Cycle...
occurs in the stroma and takes CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
occurs in stroma and takes 6CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
occurs in the roots, takes CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
occurs in the stomata, takes CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
98
Cellular respiration occurs in what cell organelle?
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Chloroplast
99
In Prokaryotes, just like bacteria, this structure maintains the shape of the cell...
Chlorphyll
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
100
If freckles on the face is a dominant allele, will it be a common allele?
Maybe
No
Yes
IDK
101
What type of bonds allow water molecules to attach to each other?
Nitrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Double bonds
Triple covalent bonds
102
A visual display of chromosomes arranged
by size, shape and banding pattern.
Taxonomy
Mutation
Natural Selection
Karyotype
103
What are the three main characteristics of natural selection?
Variation, Mutations, and Successful Reproduction
Mutations, Inheritance, and Genetic engineering
Variation, Inheritance and Successful Reproduction
Variation, Inheritance, and Transposons
104
Water, Oxygen, NaCl and NH2 are all examples of...
Organic molecules
Inorganic molecules
105
Daughter nuclei produced by mitosis are...
Genetically identical
Unidentical
106
The discipline of naming and classifying organisms according to certain rules
Taxonomy
Paleontology
Evolution
Natural Selection
107
This organelle is in charge of receiving, modifying and repackaging vesicles.
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
108
What is the abnormality with three copies of chromosome 21?
Inv dup 15
Klinefelter Syndrome
Cri du chat Syndrome
Down Syndrome
109
What is electrophoresis?
Separates DNA samples by size.
Separates mRNA samples by size.
Separates protein samples by size.
Separates molecules samples by size.
110
Why is it possible to transfer cloned genes between virtually any organism?
Everyone uses it
Idk, whatever
Just because
The genetic code is universal
111
(blank) amplifies specific DNA sequences.
Electron Transport Chain
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
ATP
Mitochondria
112
This type of reproduction doesn’t require sperm or egg and is required for sexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
113
Electrons are...
Positively charged and can be found inside the nucleus.
Positively charged and can be found around the nucleus.
Negatively charged and can be found inside the nucleus.
Negatively charged and can be found around the nucleus.
114
What is an example of convergent evolution?
Egyptian rabbit and Pythagorean hare
Patagonian hare and European rabbit
Green snake and Black viper
Blank ant and fire ant
115
What is Huntington disease?
Progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain
No cells in the nucleus
Cannot produce ATP to form pyruvate
Unable to walk, talk and read properly
116
What is the syndrome due to a deletion mutation?
Down syndrome
Inv dup 15 syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
117
What are the four categories of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleosomes
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates, lipids, prokaryotes and nucleic acids
Carbon, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
118
Why are transposons called "jumping genes"?
Pieces of RNA that move within and between proteins
Pieces of molecules that move within and between DNA
Pieces of DNA that move within and between chromosomes
Pieces of proteins that move within and between bases
119
What is Potential energy?
Energy in motion
Stored energy
120
What kind of abnormality is Klinefelter syndrome?
Extra X chromosome inactivated as Barr body.
Extra Y chromosome inactivated as Barr body.
Extra X chromosome inactivated as Varr body.
Extra Y chromosome inactivated as Starr body.
121
What is an example of an inactive protein that later becomes activated in our bodies?
Protein
Pancreas
Red blood cells
Insulin
122
When you change the structure of a protein due to boiling water it has been
(blank).
Changed
Boiled
Denatured
Deleted
123
What type of bond binds together bases?
Double bonds
Triple covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen bonds
124
Animals store glucose as...
Sucrose (monosaccharide)
Glucose (disaccharide)
Lactose (monosaccharide)
Glycogen (polysaccharide)
125
A Duplication mutation...
a chromosome segment is replaced
a chromosome segment is repeated
a chromosome segment is inserted
a chromosome segment is deleted
126
What are the colors that carotenoids reflect?
Yellow and Orange
Pink and Red
Purple and Yellow
Red and Orange
127
Which is involved in continuous growth in a child?
Mitosis
Meisosis
128
In the plasma membrane, the head is...
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
129
CO2 leaves through the (blank) and water is absorbed through the (blank)
.
Roots, stomata
Stomata, leaves
Leaf, veins
Stomata, roots
130
True or False? Glycolysis occurs inside the mitochondria.
True
False
131
What is the average amount of ATP produced during cellular respiration?
36-38
34-36
38-40
32-34
132
What type of electrons enter the Electron Transport Chain?
Low energy
High energy
133
The process of solar energy used to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Electron Transport Chain
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
ATP
134
Who carries the trait for sickle cell disease?
Homozygous recessive
Males
Heterozygous
Homozygous dominant
135
Molecules go in and out of the cell by using the (blank), and by using plasma (blank)
Plasma membrane, prokaryotes
Cell wall, plasma membrane
Plasma membrane, proteins
Cell wall, proteins
136
What chromosomes are autosomal chromosomes?
1-32
1-5
1-10
1-22
137
What molecules are a part of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
DNA and ATP
ATP and PCR
mRNA and tRNA
138
Prokaryotes belong to which domain?
Archaea and Bacteria
Plants
Bacteria
Archaea
139
If nondisjunction occurs during (blank) then both members go into the same daughter cell
Prophase
Meiosis 2
Meiosis 1
Interphase
140
This is the stage where growth occurs as organelles double...
G0
G1
G2
S
141
Receptor proteins...
Allow receptor molecules to work together
Allow signal molecules to bind, causing a cellular response
Allow group molecules to form a new DNA strand
Allow control molecules to bind
142
What is the purpose of pigments?
Absorb solar energy
To do their job
To create different colors
To make leaves change colors in the fall
143
Allows elements to be organized by chemical and physical characteristics in predictable manner
Chemistry
Taxonomy
The periodic table
The element chart
144
These are are inherited from parents and can be passed down.
Genes
Molecules
Traits
Atoms
145
During evolution, most individuals reproduce more than others because they are...
The fittest
Stronger
Smarter
Better adapted
146
What is substituted by Uracil in RNA?
Guanine
Uracil
Thymine
Adenine
147
In the Calvin Cycle, what is the purpose of rubisco?
To bring in CO2.
To bring in ATP.
To bring in H2o.
To bring in NH2.
148
Why would a population need variation?
To adapt to changing population conditions
To adapt to changing environmental conditions
To adapt to changing biosphere conditions
To adapt to changing community conditions
