crappy articulation midterm study guide

influence that sounds have on one another when they are linked to make words, phrases, and sentences

syllable reductionconsonant cluster reduction

Transitioning from words to speech ( 1 to 2 years)

l, r

KASA:

talks about constraints which are structural requirements that may be satisfied or violated by an output form

R

sh, th (voice and voiceless), s, z, l, r, 3

stops, fricatives, affricates

t, d, s, z, n, lformed with tongue tip approximating the alveolar ridge

autosegmental term meaning - cover term for nucleus (vowel) and coda (the arrest of the syllable)

the growth of the inventory (2-5 years)

HALT: Tongue Height, Tongue Advancement, Lip Configuration, Muscular Tension

Known for giving an account for feature spreading (feature spreading is similar to coarticulation and assimilation)

L

p, b, t, d, k, gformed by a complete closure of the vocal tract

a suprasegmental device that helps make semantic or grammatical distinctions in speech (punctuation)

maintains that innate mechanisms govern phonological decisions the innate mechanisms are constraints 

the child comes innately equipped with a universal set of phonological processes

k, g, ŋtongue against velum

a sound formed by the combination of 2 vowels in a single syllable, the sound begins as 1 vowel and moves toward another

Laying the foundation for speech (birth - 1)

uses virgules / / and is less detailed - what they mean

phonetic variantvariant but not incorrect - does not change meaning

data are collected from different points in a particular child's development - not the most commonly used

ʃ(eshe), ʒ (ezh), tʃ, dʒ, j, rtongue blade against the hard palate forms point of constriction

how the phoneme is producedairstream modification

(AOTA ?) phonological processes ,semantics, fluency, stimulability, intelligibility

tʃ, dʒcombination of stop and fricative

some of the interactions among units in the oral expression of language can be described through phonological rules.

concerned with anatomical structures/6 structures - most concern are glottis,soft palate,lips, tongue blade, tongue body

f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, hhissing like or turbulent, friction

involves the selection of words, meaning attached to words - vocabulary

pattern of pitch and stress in the flow of a person's speech; melody of a phrase

different participants @ different age levels are tested @ a single point in time; a composite profile is made from data

mastery of speech and literacy (5 plus years)

9-18 months, variegated babbling, combines a variety of CV sequences, intonation patterns take on more adultlike quality

units that facilitate the expression of expression of meaning

types of suprasegmentals:

autosegmental term meaning - separable and independent levels that represent a unified set of acoustic features

de-emphasizes rules or processes and places empasis prosodic phenomena

-Group One: /f, s/ and eshe-Group Two: /v, z/- Group three: theta, ethe, and eze

ability to string sentences together in a meaningful manner when communicating with others

uses brackets [ ] , is sensitive to sound variations and indicates that it is a sound someone actually produced

considers the number of consonants produced correctly divided by the total number of consonants

this approach has had the greatest impact on the field of speech path & has transformed how we view speech sound errors

t, ng, k, g, f, v, dz, ch

b/p , t/d , g/k , f/v , s/z , voiced and voiceless TH , sh/zh , ch/d3 , m/n

m, n, ŋproduced by lowering the velum so that the velopharyngeal port is opened

epenthesisstoppingbackinggliding

w, jproduced by quick transitioning of the articulators as they move from a partly constricted state 2 a more open state

the sensory experience related to the frequency of vibration

where the phoneme is produced, point of constriction

Autosegmental term meaning - a representation of a syllable and its hierarchically related components onset and rhyme

nasals, liquids, glides

the ability to reflect/manipulate the sound structure of an utterance as distinct from its meaning

f,v

h, ʔ

set of binary features designed to describe phonemes: Sonorant, vocalic, consonantal :Cavity Features: high, low, back,

rhyme knowledge, blending and semenation, manipulation of syllables, clusters and phonemes

-articulation-language-voice-fluency-hearing-oral mech

Examines the impairment of speech sound organization in disordered speakers.

Respiratory weaknessVelopharyngeal DysfunctionInadequacy of the oral constriction

m, b, j, n, w, d, p, h

- velar fronting- backing- stopping-gliding