Duplicate of Literature and Eval Exam 1

Cohort studies aime to find?

Who controls the FAERS

What does the letter O stand for in the PICO method

What does the letter I stand for in the PICO method

T/F: Before a systematic search is started, it is important to define the ultimate question of Acquire

What are the most important characteristics of a patient

What does RCTs stand for

What does the letter C stand for in the PICO method

Big Three Questions are

Select some of the proper drug information specialty resources

Meta-anayses and RCT's are the best choice for answering which questions

We can base statistical significance off the given p-value

Def: A slight deviation from true ITT analysis, allows for some patients who dropped out early be excluded from analysis

T/F: Subjects randomized in blocks based on certain characteristics or potential confounders is Stratified Random

What part of the Evaluation Tool do you find the Methods

What does a p-value of 0.05 mean

Which Data uses normal data and never crosses the number 1

Separation of study enrollment from randomization in clinical trials is Allocation concealment

Which of the pharmaceutical resources covers lactation

What is considered the Gold Standard in Hierarchy Evidence

Select the books that pertain to Pediatrics

Def: How well the study findings can be applied, extrapolated, or generalized to the population

T/F: Per-protocol and Intention to Treat analysis are how we account for results with dropouts from a study

T/F: Systemic Searching can be used to prevent cherry picking evidenc

What is the lowest level of Hierarchy

Def: Only patients who completed the study are included in the final analysis

How does Allocation concealment work with studies

T/F: The alternate wording for Methods is Materials and Methods,Patients and Methods, Study Design

T/F: Intervention involves recommendations

Which of the data base resources contains NeoFax/Pediatrics

What are the 3 key components of Evidence based practice

Which apply to Confounders

P-value: Tell us the probability that an observed difference in treatments is actually due to chance

What are considered the main alternatives or control groups for "C" Comparator of PICO method

Which study allows researchers to control or alter circumstances in which the subjects are studied and evaluated

T/F: Abstract is a brief summary/overview of the study, often 200-400 words

Which Value works hand in hand with Type 1 Errors

Ratio Data can utilize Descriptive and Inferential statistics because it has an absolute zero

Which below fall under the 4 steps to clinical questions

Def: whether a study measured what it needed to measure, can it be trusted

The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drugs is

Select which are actual color books of pharmaceutics

Which risk score from Lexi-interact is "monitor therapy"

Which risk ratings from Lexi-interact is "Avoid Combination"

How many types of Randomization are there

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are considered?

What does the letter P stand for in the PICO method

Which study is considered backward-looking

Efficacy differences between two interventions and provide insight regarding the compared effectiveness of the study?

Point Estimate: Mean difference is used by

How many types of Blindings exist for studies

Def: pooled analyses of data from similar studies is?

Confidence intervals (CI) provides the information to tell you the direction of difference or the strength/magnitude

Which is considered Categorical

T/F: Assessing Internal Validity is Objective?

What is the Highest of the Hierarchy Evidence Pyramid

Why is the ITT analysis more preferred?

Which is a Type 2 Error

What can affect a p-value

Disproportionate number of subjects in one study group leave the study is Missing Data Bias/Withdrawal Bias

What are 3 of the 4 R's pertaining to systematic searching

T/F: Assess the prevalence of condition or event in a certain patient population at a specific point (Cross Sect)

Which is a Type 1 Error (chance)

Select the types of Randomization

T/F: Systematic Searching helps us know when we can start searching

Which study allows for prospective or retrospective in nature

Which study is considered Forward-looking

process that helps ensure subjects and/or researchers are unaware of treatment assignment is Blinding

Case-Control studies aim to find?

Which of the 4 R's require gathering background information and categorizing the question

T/F: The PICO method is designed to be used during the Appraisal section of the 4 A's

Where can you find Results in an article

Which Data is based off having No absolute Zero

T/F: LactMed is a database for Drugs and Lactation for breast feeding women

T/F: Patients are randomized to treatment or control group within blocks of a pre-determined size = Blocked

p-value < 0.001 is considered?

T/F: Discussions is found in the Apply to your practice

What are the 3 steps of Appraise

Caveats of Hierarchy evidence pertains to

Flipping a coin in a football game is considered which assessment

What are the overall risks of bias of study

Type 1 Errors Erroneously Reject the Null Hypothesis

which are types of bias

Establish efficacy of an intervention and benefit over no treatment with no comparison to other treatments?

Def: All patients randomized into the study are included in the final analysis

What are the 3 of the 4 A's of Clinical Steps questions?

T/F: Bias is a circumstance in a study which are systematically introduced by researchers (nonrandom)

Type 2 errors – Fail to reject the null hypothesis

T/F: RCTs aim to test whether a certain intervention causes certain outcomes

What are the ultimate goals of healthcare

T/F: P- values and Type I Errors are closely related