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ESC Final Earth Science Flashcards | StudBud
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ESC Final Earth Science
ESC Final Earth Science
100 terms
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#Final
Flashcards
100 cards
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Questions
100
Answers
1
An isotope is a(n)
line of equal air pressure
metamorphic rock
unstable atom
geological principle
2
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a "cauliflower" structure is
cumulus
stratus
cirrus
alto
3
Which of the following is correct regarding a wave in the open ocean?
waves are called waves of refraction
waves do not exist in the open ocean
water particles move in an almost circular path
none of these
4
A disconformity occurs when
there has been uplift and erosion but no folding between deposition of rock
rocks have been tilted and eroded before deposition of a younger layer
rocks have been folded and eroded before depostion of a younger layer
a series of sediment rocks sits upon eroded igneous rocks.
5
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity.
False
True
6
The Principle of Inclusions says that fragments inside another rock are...
Older than the surrounding rock
We can't tell the relative age
The same age as the surrounding rock
Younger than the surrounding rock
7
Based on the Principle of Lateral Continuity, what can we infer about the top stratum?
This layer is the youngest
This stratum used to be vertical then shifted horizontally
Sediment was laid down first in a complete line then eroded
The sediment was laid down just as we see it
8
Rocks are aggregates of minerals.
true
false
9
These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds.
cirrus
stratus
cumulus
nimbo
10
Melting glacier ice can cause the oceanic conveyor belt to slow down.
false
true
11
What air pressure would you expect for a Hurricane?
0 mb
1030 mb
950 mb
1013 mb
12
Rocks and minerals are
the same
different
13
An air mass from Canada is labeled ____.
cT
cP
mT
mP
14
Relative dating
events used as a measure of the relative or absolute age
Evidence of past life that have been preserved in rocks.
The age of something based on its placement.
The exact age of something.
15
What best describes the pycnocline?
pycnocline only exists at the equator
pycnocline is wider than at lower latitudes
if there is a thermocline there is a pycnolcine
there is no pycnocline at low latitudes
16
The oceans cover approximately
50
60
70
40
17
What percentage of stars are main-sequence stars directly from a nebula?
90%
70%
20%
50%
18
Define latent heat of condensation
Condensation which lacks any heat
Condensation which releases large amounts of heat energy
None of the above
A form of heat that prevents condensation
19
Global Warming is influenced by
all above
Oceanic Conveyor Belt
man-made pollutants
astronomical cycles
20
To measure the parallax for a star's distance, we would measure the star's position separated
6 hours
12 hours
6 months
12 months
21
The most abundant chemical sedimentary rock is________.
chert
rock salt
dolomite
limestone
22
Melting sea ice can cause the oceanic conveyor belt to slow down.
true
false
23
Clouds form because water vapor condenses on dust particles
True
False
24
Which mineral is a silicate?
diamond
quartz
magnetite
halite
25
We are likely to have our highest relative humidity______________
about sunrise
during midafternoon
at noon
around midnight
26
What is latent heat?
Hidden Energy
Summer temperature
Greenhouse Effect
Infrared Energy
27
What is the best answer associated with Black Hole formation?
Supernova forms with a neutron star and Black Hole
A Star's Temperature Reaches SUBZERO
Planetary Nebula
A Star's Temperature Reaches 500+ Degrees
28
The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus.
True
False
29
Which of the following creates a disconformity?
intrusion
erosion
earthquake
compression
30
Where does the latent heat come from for a hurricane?
condensation
sublimation
liquidation
evaporation
31
_____________ rocks have no layers
foliated
metamorphic
igneous
non-foliated
32
How do we detect dark energy?
How it reacts to ordinary matter
Telescopes
We cannot detect it
Magnets
33
Dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated.
True
False
34
What latitudes are Hurricanes likely to form?
at the equator
5 to 20 degrees
40 to 60 degrees
15 and 320 degrees
35
Obsidian exhibits a(n)__________ texture.
glassy
fine grained
vesicular
coarse grained
36
What is the focus of an earthquake?
Located above the surface.
Place where an earthquake begins, below surface.
Located where an earthquake ends.
Located directly above epicenter
37
Which is a glacier depostitional feature?
arete
cirque
U-shaped valley
drumlin
38
Who is your Professor for Earth Science
Dr. Mary Jones
Dr. Susan Anthony
Dr. Elise Schmit
Dr. Caren Garrity
39
______ is parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock.
rock cleavage
stress streaking
marbleizing
foliation
40
High air pressure systems are usually associated with_________.
descending air
diverging winds
clear weather
all of these
41
Select the coarse-grained rock which is composed mainly of quartz and feldspar.
basalt
diorite
andesite
granite
42
What is Dark Energy?
energy forming stars
energy expanding the universe
energy left over from the Big Bang
energy going down a Black Hole
43
What is Dark Energy?
energy going down a Black Hole
energy expanding the universe
energy forming stars
energy left over from the Big Bang
44
The longest unit of geological time
diverged
eons
pommel
seething
45
Igneous rocks are the common surface rocks
False
True
46
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is_______.
750 mb
1143 mb
890 mb
1013 mb
47
Hurricanes form under extremely low air pressure.
false
true
48
Fiords are found exclusively along the coast of Norway.
True
False
49
The Law of inclusions is
surface erosion with older strata above younger
fault or fracture with older rocks above younger
fault or fracture with younger strata above older
An older rock type is included into a younger rock type
50
Which is a mineral?
Limestone
Granite
Calcite
Marble
51
The dew point is the temperature at which________________.
cumulus clouds change to cumulonimbus clouds
hailstones are formed
water vapor condenses to a liquid
water in the liquid state changes to vapor
52
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called jet streams.
False
True
53
The Coriolis effect influences_________.
both wind speed and wind direction
only wind direction
only wind speed
neither wind speed nor wind direction
54
Sedimentary rocks are formed by...
Weathering, erosion, and pressure.
Melted rock cooling.
Heat and pressure.
55
What is the Sun's core composition today?
100% hydrogen
35% hydrogen; 65% helium
50% hydrogen; 50% helium
65% hydrogen; 35% helium
56
Earthquakes begin _____
Above the ground
In the mountains
On the Moon
Below the ground
57
The universe is made of Dark energy
True
False
58
Cyclones are usually associated with stormy weather.
False
True
59
The micas, biotite and muscovite, both exhibit one direction of cleavage.
True
False
60
Low air pressure systems are usually associated with__________.
all above
descending air
diverging winds
precipitation
61
If stormy weather were approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be________.
steady
falling
rising
none of these
62
Nimbostratus clouds
A storm is on the way.
Fair weather
Drizzle, rain, or snow
Thunderstorms
63
Rocks are aggregates of minerals.
True
False
64
We now live in the ________ era.
Cambrian
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Phanerozoic
65
Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from___________.
examination of deep mine shafts
volcanic eruptions
drill holes
seismic waves
66
What are earthquakes caused by?
Other natural disasters
Plate Tectonics with plates sliding past each other
People
Explosions
67
The principle of Original Horizontality says...
As layers of sediment form, they form horizontally
As geologic time passes, strata move horizontally
As layers of sediment form, they form diagonally
As layers of sediment form, they form vertically
68
What technique is used to calculate stars less than 30 light years away?
Stellar Parallax
Super Nova
Cephids
Standard Candle
69
Metamorphic rocks are classified as
intrusive and extrusive
crystalline and chemical
foliated and nonfoliated
banded and nonbanded
70
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
from other rocks due to heat and pressure
from accumulated pieces of existing weathered rocks and organic materials
from lighting sand on fire
from the solidification of magma
71
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds?
westerlies
doldrums
subpolar easterlies
easterlies
72
The epicenter is __________
The point at the surface of the earth directly above the focus
Waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake
A fracture in the rocks that make up the earths crust
The point within the earth where the earthquake rupture starts
73
What will our Sun become in 5 billion years from now?
Neutron Star
Main Sequence
Red Giant
White Dwarf
74
The Hubble constant represents
the rate of aging of solar systems
the rate of galaxy formation
the rate of expansion of the universe; age of the universe
the rate of formation of black holes
75
What is a polar vortex?
The name of a black hole
A type of freezing rain
A graph used to measure snow
A mass of cold air from the Arctic
76
What is the technical name for a high pressure center?
front
cyclone
anticyclone
doldrums
77
A sea breeze usually originates during the________.
day and flows toward the land
day and flows toward the water
evening and flows toward the land
evening and flows toward the water
78
What best describes the thermocline?
thermocline is wider than at lower latitudes
there is no thermocline at low latitudes
there is no thermocline at high latitudes
thermocline only exists at the equator
79
Expansion of the universe can be seen as the________ in galaxy motion.
blue shift
spinning
spiralling
red shift
80
How are high winds of a hurricane maintained?
spin of the Earth
land and sea breeze meet
huge quantity of latent heat
sea breeze
81
Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
S wave
tsunami
surface wave
P wave
82
High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed
stratus
cumulus
cirrus
alto
83
Clouds are....
Water ( liquid )
Water Vapor
A huge collection of tiny water droplets or ice crystals.
Ice
84
Which star spends the least time as a main sequence star?
10 solar masses
1 solar mass
0.5 solar masses
3 solar masses
85
An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled________
cP
cT
mP
mT
86
Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth's crust?
silicates
halides
carbonates
sulfides
87
The San Andreas fault in California is a good example of a(n)___________plate boundary.
submergent
divergent
transform
convergent
88
How are Black Holes formed?
From a mysterious unknown force
From a White Hole
From a White Dwarf star
From a star born at near 30 times the mass of the Sun
89
The process of converting a liquid to vapor is termed____________.
condensation
evaporation
melting
sublimation
90
What happens at the eye wall of a hurricane?
time to pray
silence
greatest wind speeds and heaviest rain
little wind or rain
91
Can energy be transformed?
I don't know
Yes, always
Never
Sometimes
92
An identification of meteorites is a fusion coating on the surface.
False
True
93
On a typical H-R diagram, where are the largest stars located?
in the upper left corner
in the lower left corner
in the upper right corner
in the lower right corner
94
Law Of Superposition
lower rock layer is the oldest,&the higher ones are younger
The age of each layer of rock
higher rock layer is the oldest,&the lower ones are younger
The age of rock compared to the age of rock layers
95
What is Dark Matter?
Black Holes
Old stars
Stars too far away to see
Slows the expansion of the universe
96
A steep pressure gradient with isobars closely spaced __________
produces calm weather
is only possible in the tropics
produces strong winds
produce light winds
97
What is a disconformity?
horizontal sedimentary rock layers tilt and erode, then deposition occurs
all sedidmentary rocks layers are deposited vertically
all sedimentary layers are horizontal with a gap where deposition stopped
sedimentary rocks deposited over older/eroded metamorphic or igneous rocks
98
When air rises, it expands and cools adiabatically.
False
True
99
A Sea Stack is formed from glacier erosion.
true
false
100
What is the Polar Vortex?
blizzard
hurricane
an air mass
tornado
