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Psychology 110 Exam 1
What are self serving tendencies
What is systematic desensitization
Psychology 110 Exam 1
101 terms
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The first Psychology exam
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Answers
1
What is systematic desensitization
combine imagery of forced object with relaxation
use increasingly frightening scenes
train client in muscle relaxation
highly effective for treating phobias
2
What are self serving tendencies
all of the above
if a test flatters us, we believe it's valid
favorably rate ourselves on dimension, use it to rate others
favorably rate ourselves on dimension, more important it is
3
What is mind or cognitive process
feelings
thoughts
sensations
Unobservable mental processes
4
what are the three main tests that assess the unconscious
Projective; designed to trigger ones needs and motivations
all of the above
Thematic Application; make stories up about pictures
Rorschach Inkblot; analyze interpretations of 10 inkblots
5
what is self actualization
all of the above
none of the above
motivation to fulfill ones potential
ultimate psych. need that arises after basic needs are met
6
what is the concept of client centered therapy
none of the above
problems caused by denial of own feelings
problems caused by distrust of ability to make decisions
all of the above
7
what is Freudian Slip
unconscious psychic energy
boyfriend says "you know I love HER"
slips of the tongue give insight into the unconscious
information that is not conscious
8
what are the ethical issues regarding research
debriefing, APA publishes ethical guidelines
informed consent
right to privacy
reasonable protection of participant
9
what factors of schizophrenia are biological
brain structure abnormalities
all of the above
neurotransmitters
heredity
10
what is the difference between manifest content and latent content
manifest is the meaning of the dream & latent is the plot
manifest is the plot of the dream & latent is the meaning
11
what is an empirically derived test
identifying emotional disorders
testing a pool of items, & selecting those that discriminate
12
what is personality
none of the above
internalized ideals and moral standards
a person's general style of interacting with the world
method of exploring the unconscious
13
what is the imposter phenomenon
feeling unworthy of the respect of those we love and admire
deprived joy due to unconscious fear of being unmasked
all of the above
most common among college students
14
Who are 3 famous Neo-Freudians
all of the above
Karen Horney; how we deal with anxiety
Alfred Auler; importance for striving for superiority
Carl Jung; emphasized the collective unconscious
15
What does industrial/organizational psychology entail?
People & Work
Training & Selection
Job Satisfaction
all of the above
16
What is psychology
the study of people and their health
the science of only abnormal behaviors
the science of behavior and the mind
17
what are the two types of blinding
none of the above
all of the above
double; participants and experimenter are kept uninformed
single; participants don't know the treatment they received
18
what is descriptive study
does not predict what may influence the facts
all of the above
describes a set of facts
does not look for relationships between facts
19
what is the purpose of a random sample
increases pre-existing differences between groups
cancels out pre-existing differences between groups
minimizes pre-existing differences between groups
20
what is free association
person relaxes and says what comes to mind
method of exploring the unconscious
information that is not conscious
slip of the tongue
21
Define positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
catatonic behavior
things that are present
disorganization
things that are missing
22
what did abraham maslow study
the collective unconscious
self-actualization processes of productive & healthy people
growth and fulfillment of individuals
dealing with anxiety
23
define panic disorder
constant worry about many issues
helpless terror, high physiological arousal
none of the above
intense irrational fear that focuses on a specific thing
24
what is a personality inventory
a person with multiple personalities
questions about a wide range of feelings and behaviors
used to assess selected personality traits
none of the above
25
what does psychobiology entail
social influences on thinking
individual differences
learning and behavior
Brain and behavior
26
what are two biological bases for depression
reduced norepinephrine
reduced serotin
reduced estrogen
reduced testosterone
27
define OCD
irrational, disturbing thoughts that intrude into conscious
repeating actions performed to alleviate obsessions
helpless terror, high physiological arousal
none of the above
28
define resistance in terms of therapy
all of the above
"forgetting"
refusing to discuss certain topics
patents resist attempts to bring unconscious into conscious
29
what is operational definition
possible procedures used to define research variables
procedures in which people rate or describe an operation
a statement of procedures used to define research variables
30
what is a case study
multiple people studied in hope of discovering unique traits
a person is deeply studied, in hope univ. principles develop
31
A laboratory...
provides random conditions for all experiments
provides uniform conditions for all subjects
permits elimination of irrelevant factors
32
what are sources of bias
Blinding; removing knowledge about experimental conditions
Observer/Experimenter; expectations influence measurements
Subject; participant tries to produce expected results
all of the above
33
Define dissociative fugue
no recollection of former life
develops new identity
all of the above
global amnesia with identity replacement
34
hindsight bias is also known as
not admitting you don't know something
the "I knew it all along" phenomenon
after learning an outcome you believe you already knew that
believing you know everything
35
what two primary personality factors does Eysenck as axes for describing personality variation
extroverted
unstable
stable
introverted
36
what does cognitive psychology entail
brain and behavior
psychological change over life span
human memory, perception, higher level processes
37
Correlation can prove causation
True
False
38
what are the 5 categories social-cognitive perspectives
personal control
external & internal locus of control
reciprocal determinism
learned helplessness
39
what does school psychology entail
dealing with normal life situations
counseling and guidance in school settings
learning and teaching
provides guidance
40
when is ECT used
none of the above
when people disturb themselves with their own thoughts
cases of sever, unrelenting depression
when subject feels unworthy of respect of those we love
41
what did carl rogers study
motivation to fulfill ones potential
focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals
self actualization process of productive and healthy people
42
define transference in terms of therapy
conscious feelings toward person directed toward therapist
unconscious feelings toward person directed toward therapist
43
what are the goals of cognitive therapy
identify adaptive ways of thinking
replace maladaptive ways with adaptive ways
replace adaptive ways with maladaptive ways
identify maladaptive ways of thinking
44
when does anxiety become a problem
all of the above
experiencing vague feeling of fear and apprehension
when it is irrational, uncontrollable, and disruptive
45
what is the purpose of random assignment
to minimize pre-existing similarities between groups
to minimize pre-existing differences between groups
46
What does social psychology entail
learning and teaching
social influences on thinking & behavior
Human memory
47
what does educational psychology entail
dealing with normal life situations
learning and teaching, how do people learn better
counseling and guidance in school settings
48
Describe biological treatments
Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy
all of the above
drugs
solve the disorder by altering bodily processes
49
what characteristics are related to Generalized Anxiety Disorders
none of the above
seriously interferes with functioning
more or less constant worry about many issues
all of the above
50
what is aversion treatment used for
drinking
bad habits
smoking
gambling
51
what is the analyst's job during Insight & Cure
make inferences about patient's unconscious conflicts
help client take control of own life
none of the above
emphasize inner potential for positive growth
52
what is the unconscious
produces thoughts and drives
all of the above
information that is not conscious
an inaccessible warehouse of anxiety
53
what is the preconscious
an inaccessible warehouse of anxiety
all things we are aware of at any given moment
information retrievable into conscious awareness
information that is not conscious
54
how many levels must an independent variable have
at least 5
no more than 2
at least 2
no more than 5
55
what are the 3 categories of personality structure
superego; internalized ideals and moral standards
ID, strives to satisfy sexual and aggressive drives
Ego; satisfies ID's desires, realistically bringing pleasure
all of the above
56
which variable is the cause
independent variable
dependent variable
57
What is the humanistic theory
help client take control of own life
attempt to comprehend feelings from clients point of view
identify maladaptive ways of thinking
emphasis on inner potential for positive growth
58
science helps build explanations that are...
conflicting & postdictive
consistent & predictive
consistent & postdictive
59
what family and cultural factors influence schizophrenia
genuine, enmeshed families
highly artificial, over-enmeshed families
none of the above
industrialization, less have a better chance of recovery
60
What does experimental biology entail
brain and behavior
basic laboratory focus
human memory, perception, etc
61
Define dissociative identity disorder
bi polar
old identity recovers
2+ distinct personalities manifested by the same person
multiple personality disorder
62
what does counseling entail
dealing with normal life situations & provides guidance
dealing with normal life situations in the school setting
social interactions influencing behavior
63
which variable is controlled or manipulated in an experiment
dependent
independent
64
what is not one of the 12 areas of specialized psychology
clinical, school, cognitive, social
counseling, psychobiology, industrial/organizational
health psychology, educational, criminal
developmental, experimental, personality
65
what is psychoanalysis
attributes thoughts & actions to unconscious motives
method of exploring the unconscious
none of the above
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
66
what is the purpose of a random assignment
subjects choose at random what variable they receive
each subject has an equal chance of being in either group
subjects are exposed to variables at random
67
Define behavior
the personality of an animal or person
the social interactions performed by people and animals
observable actions of a person or animal
68
common sense can be inconsistent and based on hindsight
false
true
69
what are inferential statistics
give probability that the sample is like the world at large
inferring statistics before conducting an experiment
descriptive statistics summarize a data set
reflects the real world rather than chance
70
what does health psychology entail
psychological factors in physical health
abnormal behavior and psychological disorders
dealing with normal life situations
psychological change over the life span
71
describe personality disorder
exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing
bad emotions arise from irrational interpret. of experiences
deprives oneself of joy due to fear of being unmasked
inflexible & enduring behavior that impair social function
72
what is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist
a psychiatrist is a md & a psychologist is not
a psychologist is a md & a psychiatrist is not
73
what is the purpose of an experiment
an indirect way to test a hypothesis
direct way to test a hypothesis
74
what is dysthymia
lasts for at least 2 years
none of the above
all of the above
less severe, but long-lasting depression
75
what is correlation coefficient
sign indicates direction of relationship
statistical measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary
how well each factor precast the other
all of the above
76
what are the five goals of psychology
controlling behavior
descriptions and controlling the mind
predictions
explanations and improving the quality of life
77
Field research...
allows observation of behavior in real-world settings
none of the above
has poor control over conditions
measurements may be a better representation of reality
78
define dissociative disorders
none of the above
all of the above
suddenly becomes unaware of some aspect of their identity
literally a dis-association of memory
79
what is major depression
all of the above
lasts without remission for at least 2 weeks
lasts for at least 2 years
prolonged very severe depression
80
what does developmental psychology entail
abnormal behaviors and psychological disorders
psychological change over the life span
provides guidance
81
what are four common symptoms of depression
sadness
suicidal behavior
feelings of worthlessness
changes in sleep and eating
82
what is not one of the Big 5 Personality Factors
depression
emotional stability
extraversion, conscientiousness
openness, agreeableness
83
self report is not...
people rate or describe someone else's behavior
people rate or describe their own mental state or behavior
84
describe antisocial personality disorder
exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing
all of the above
aggressive and ruthless
clever con artist
85
phobia, an intense rational fear that may focus on...
event or situations
social settings
all of the above
category of objects
86
what is not one of the 7 defense mechanisms
projection, sublimation
rationalization, displacement
repression, regression, reaction formation
none of the above
87
what is not one of the three types of observational methods
directly observing and recording behavior
self reporting
tests
naturalistic observation
88
what does a clinical psychologist study
the science of behavior and the mind
dealing with normal life situations
Abnormal behavior and psychological disorders
89
What are characteristics of shyness
fear of interaction can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
self-conscious behavior can cause a bad interaction
can be overcome with practice
all of the above
90
what is a correlational study
examine the relationship between categories
correlation reveals relationships among facts
collects of a set organized into two or more categories
all of the above
91
Define Dissociative Amnesia
all of the above
person still knows identity and worst of their past
memory loss
often selective loss surrounding traumatic events
92
what types of drugs relieve symptoms but are not a cure
lithium
antipsychotics
antidepressants
anti-anxiety
93
which variable is the effect
dependent variable
independent variable
94
what are 4 levels of psychological disorders
maladaptive; harmful
atypical; not enough in itself
disturbing; varies with time and culture
unjustifiable; sometimes there is a good reason
95
What are the two types of mood disorders
bipolar
DID
depressive
none of the above
96
what is the conscious
none of the above
unconscious motives and conflicts
information that is not conscious
all things we are aware of at any given moment
97
define confounds
controllable variables that influence the sample
uncontrolled variables that influence results
98
what is DSM-5
personality test
a system used to classify psychological disorders
a method used to tap into the unconscious
99
What does personality psychology entail
Individual differences
Social Influences on thinking & behavior
Brain & behavior
100
science is based on...
knowledge of facts
public and repeatable procedures
testing hypothesis
developing theories
101
what are examples of biased samples; members of sample differ from the larger population
all of the above
contacting by phone
contact by email
collecting samples from one specific area
