What are examples of assimilation and accommodation?

Adjusting existing ideas(ac)and integrating new info into current ideas(as)

What is an example of the Asch effect (conformity)?

Agreeing with a wrong answer to fit in

In the concrete operations stage, children can:

Perform simple mathematical operations and understand analogies

What was the main conclusion of the Stanford prison experiment?

Social roles are powerful determinants of behavior

How does the "A" in the HEXACO model relate to personality traits?

Describes Agreeableness, like being cooperative and empathetic

What characterizes the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

Experience through perception and movement

Which behavior best illustrates displacement as a defense mechanism?

Yelling at your spouse after a stressful day at work

In the preconventional stage, how is morality judged?

By consequences like reward and punishment

Why is the development of the frontal lobe important during adolescence?

It is responsible for judgment, impulse control, and planning

What do fine motor skills involve?

Small muscle coordination, like grasping and writing

What does physical development involve?

Growth and changes in body, brain, senses, motor skills, and health

What do trait theorists focus on when explaining personality?

Identifying stable characteristics and ways of behaving

What is group polarization?

Strengthening of group attitude after discussion

What characterizes moral judgment in the post-conventional stage?

Personal ethical principles and abstract values

What do gross motor skills involve?

Large muscle movements like balancing and running

What is the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual’s personality develops throughout the lifespan

What does dispositionism suggest about behavior?

Behavior is determined by internal traits or temperaments

In the Big Five personality model, what does "Agreeableness" refer to?

Agreeableness versus antagonism

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Big Five personality dimension "Neuroticism"?

Neuroticism versus emotional stability

What characterizes the preoperational stage of development?

Language and symbolic thought, with egocentric reasoning

What is in-group bias?

Preference for members of your own group over others

What is an example of normative social influence?

Conforming to fit in and be accepted by the group

Concepts used to categorize and interpret information

In the avoidant (insecure) attachment style, how does the child respond to the mother’s return?

Acts like the stranger is the parent and avoids the mother

What are developmental milestones?

Age-specific expectations for skills

What is an example of self-serving bias?

Taking credit for success and blaming failure on external factors

What does selective migration refer to?

Moving to places that match personal needs

What does object permanence mean?

Understanding objects exist even when out of sight

What is an example of rationalization in defense mechanisms?

Justifying cheating on a test by saying “everyone does it”

Which of the following is an example of denial as a defense mechanism?

Refusing to accept that you have a drinking problem

In the sensorimotor stage, how do infants primarily experience the world?

Through perception and movement

What is an example of sublimation as a defense mechanism?

Using anger to fuel a productive workout

What is an example of repression in defense mechanisms?

Forgetting traumatic events from childhood

Which of the following is an example of peripheral route persuasion?

A celebrity endorsing a product in an advertisement

Which of the following best describes the "Extraversion" dimension in the Big Five personality model?

Extraversion versus introversion

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Shared responsibility leads to no one helping

What is object permanence?

Understanding that objects remain when not visible

Which of the following is an example of regression as a defense mechanism?

A teenager sucking their thumb after a stressful event

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?

It is a less direct, non-physical form of bullying

Which of the following best describes selective migration?

Choosing to move to a location based on personal preferences

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior

How does a child with disorganized/disoriented attachment behave around the parent?

Shows odd behaviors like freezing or running away from the parent

A negative attitude based on group membership

In the HEXACO model, what personality traits are associated with the "E" for Emotionality?

Anxiety, emotional regulation, fearfulness

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Psychology 101 Exam 3 Review - GVSU

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Exam study guide made by Dr. Ying Wang

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Questions 79

Answers

1
What are examples of assimilation and accommodation?
Adjusting existing ideas(ac)and integrating new info into current ideas(as)
Remembering previous experiences
Ignoring new information
Combining new and old experiences
2
What is an example of the Asch effect (conformity)?
Disagreeing despite discomfort
Deciding after careful thought
Making an independent decision
Agreeing with a wrong answer to fit in
3
In the concrete operations stage, children can:
Think abstractly
Only reason egocentrically
Perform simple mathematical operations and understand analogies
Experience the world solely through perception
4
What was the main conclusion of the Stanford prison experiment?
People behave based on personal traits
Situations do not influence behavior
Social roles are powerful determinants of behavior
Roles have no impact on behavior
5
How does the "A" in the HEXACO model relate to personality traits?
Describes Avoidance, like rejecting challenges
Describes Agreeableness, like being cooperative and empathetic
Describes Acceptance, like tolerance for criticism
Describes Aspiration, like goal-setting behavior
6
What characterizes the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?
Logical understanding of analogies
Language and symbolic thought
Experience through perception and movement
Abstract reasoning
7
Which behavior best illustrates displacement as a defense mechanism?
Redirecting anger into a workout
Yelling at your spouse after a stressful day at work
Being overly nice to a person you secretly dislike
Denying you have a problem with alcohol
8
In the preconventional stage, how is morality judged?
By following societal rules
By consequences like reward and punishment
Based on abstract values
Through empathy
9
Why is the development of the frontal lobe important during adolescence?
It regulates emotional memory
It is responsible for judgment, impulse control, and planning
It handles language comprehension
It controls basic motor functions
10
What do fine motor skills involve?
Gross motor skills
Small muscle coordination, like grasping and writing
Large muscle movements
Only eye movements
11
What does physical development involve?
Only brain development
Changes in social relationship
Growth and changes in body, brain, senses, motor skills, and health
Emotional changes only
12
What do trait theorists focus on when explaining personality?
Emphasizing childhood experiences
Analyzing unconscious conflicts
Exploring the impact of social influences
Identifying stable characteristics and ways of behaving
13
What is group polarization?
Strengthening of group attitude after discussion
Conforming to group norms
Shifting opinion after outside views
Independent decision-making
14
Which parenting style is described as having low demands but high responsiveness?
Authoritative
Permissive
Uninvolved
Authoritarian
15
What characterizes moral judgment in the post-conventional stage?
Obedience to societal rules
Following authority strictly
Focus on rewards and punishments
Personal ethical principles and abstract values
16
What do gross motor skills involve?
Large muscle movements like balancing and running
Small muscle coordination
Fine motor tasks
Eye and finger movements
17
What is the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Personality is fixed in early childhood
Personality is determined solely by genetics
An individual’s personality develops throughout the lifespan
Development is only influenced by childhood experiences
18
What does dispositionism suggest about behavior?
Behavior is random and unpredictable
Behavior is determined by external factors
Behavior is determined by internal traits or temperaments
Behavior is solely shaped by society's expectations
19
In the Big Five personality model, what does "Agreeableness" refer to?
Kindness versus aggression
Agreeableness versus antagonism
Sociability versus isolation
Openness versus closed-mindedness
20
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Big Five personality dimension "Neuroticism"?
Extroversion versus introversion
Neuroticism versus emotional stability
Emotional stability versus emotional instability
Altruism versus self-centeredness
21
What characterizes the preoperational stage of development?
Logical understanding of analogies
Language and symbolic thought, with egocentric reasoning
Development of abstract thinking
Object permanence
22
What is in-group bias?
Preference for members of your own group over others
Prejudice against people in your own group
Favoring people from outside your group
Treating all groups equally
23
What is an example of normative social influence?
Changing beliefs based on new information
Conforming to fit in and be accepted by the group
Seeking expert advice to make a decision
Following the group's behavior without thinking
24
What are schemata?
Unorganized ideas
Random thoughts
Concepts used to categorize and interpret information
Physical objects
25
What did Harry and Margaret Harlow’s research with rhesus monkeys demonstrate?
The importance of food over comfort
The role of genetics in social behavior
Preference for isolation
A need for contact comfort
26
In the avoidant (insecure) attachment style, how does the child respond to the mother’s return?
Seeks comfort immediately
Displays unusual behaviors like freezing
Shows mixed emotions
Acts like the stranger is the parent and avoids the mother
27
What are developmental milestones?
Age-specific expectations for skills
Skills learned at any age
Irregular growth patterns
Random skill achievements
28
What is an example of self-serving bias?
Taking credit for success and blaming failure on external factors
Ignoring external influences on behavior
Believing success is always due to luck
Focusing on personal flaws instead of situational factors
29
What does selective migration refer to?
Moving without considering preferences
Moving for economic opportunities
Relocating due to family pressure
Moving to places that match personal needs
30
In the nature vs. nurture debate, what does "nature" refer to?
Social relationships
Learned behaviors
Genes and biology
Environment and culture
31
What does object permanence mean?
Recognizing familiar faces
Understanding objects exist even when out of sight
Sorting objects by color
Observing visible changes
32
What is an example of rationalization in defense mechanisms?
Forgetting a stressful childhood event
Justifying cheating on a test by saying “everyone does it”
Redirecting frustration into a physical activity
Denying any personal responsibility for your mistakes
33
How many scales is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scored on?
15 scales
5 scales
20 scales
10 scales
34
Which of the following is an example of denial as a defense mechanism?
Refusing to accept that you have a drinking problem
Blaming someone else for your mistakes
Channeling anger into a workout
Acting overly nice to a person you secretly dislike
35
In the sensorimotor stage, how do infants primarily experience the world?
By understanding logical events
Through perception and movement
Through abstract reasoning
Through language and symbols
36
What is a script in social behavior?
Knowledge of event sequences
A movie plot
A list of rules
A behavioral trait
37
What is an example of sublimation as a defense mechanism?
Expressing your feelings through artwork
Pretending to enjoy an activity you dislike
Using anger to fuel a productive workout
Channeling frustration into negative behavior
38
What does the "X" in the HEXACO model represent?
None of the above
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Openness
39
During which stage do children develop egocentric reasoning?
Preoperational stage
Concrete operations stage
Sensorimotor stage
Formal operations stage
40
What is an example of repression in defense mechanisms?
Justifying a bad behavior with logical reasons
Being overly nice to someone you dislike
Redirecting anger at work towards a spouse
Forgetting traumatic events from childhood
41
Which of the following is an example of peripheral route persuasion?
Presenting facts and data to persuade someone
Using detailed statistics and logical arguments
Asking for feedback based on well-reasoned arguments
A celebrity endorsing a product in an advertisement
42
Which of the following best describes the "Extraversion" dimension in the Big Five personality model?
Emotional versus stable
Creative versus conventional
Independence versus dependence
Extraversion versus introversion
43
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Responsibility is increased in a group
Everyone in the group helps
Only one person is responsible
Shared responsibility leads to no one helping
44
What is object permanence?
The skill of locating hidden objects
The awareness of immediate surroundings
The ability to recognize familiar faces
Understanding that objects remain when not visible
45
Which of the following is an example of regression as a defense mechanism?
Acting overly aggressive in a situation
Trying to resolve issues with logic
A teenager sucking their thumb after a stressful event
Redirecting anger at a friend
46
Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying?
Girls use social media less often than boys
It is a less direct, non-physical form of bullying
Boys are more likely to express themselves online
Boys are more likely to seek emotional support online
47
Which of the following best describes selective migration?
Choosing to move to a location based on personal preferences
Relocating because of family obligations
Moving due to economic necessity
Migrating without any consideration of location
48
What is the main point of the quizmaster study?
People are always aware of situational influences
People focus only on the environment
People will make assumptions based on personality
People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior
49
How does a child with disorganized/disoriented attachment behave around the parent?
Ignores the parent entirely
Smiles and seeks comfort
Shows odd behaviors like freezing or running away from the parent
Immediately seeks affection
50
What is prejudice?
A negative attitude based on group membership
A positive attitude toward individuals
An unbiased evaluation of a person
A behavior toward someone based on their actions
51
In the HEXACO model, what personality traits are associated with the "E" for Emotionality?
Anxiety, emotional regulation, fearfulness
Confidence, extroversion, stability
Anger, frustration, avoidance
Optimism, joy, calmness
52
When a person uses peripheral route persuasion, what do they rely on to persuade their listener?
Logical arguments and facts to support the message
Factors unrelated to the actual message to encourage positivity
Detailed data and research to strengthen the argument
Emotional appeals that are directly tied to the message
53
In Erikson’s developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of each stage?
Achieving physical milestones
Resolving a psychosocial crisis
Developing emotional intelligence
Learning new skills
54
What does the "H" in the HEXACO model of personality stand for?
Honesty-Humility
Helpfulness
Happiness
Humor
55
Which of the following is associated with the Big Five personality dimension of "Conscientiousness"?
Untrustworthy and unreliable
Careless and disorganized
Organized and responsible
Introverted and reserved
56
When the correct choice is unclear, a person is most likely to yield to the effects of which type of social influence?
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
Obedience
Compliance
57
What does the Big Five personality dimension of "Openness" refer to?
Openness to structure versus disorganization
Openness to emotions versus resistance to emotions
Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience
Openness to relationships versus social avoidance
58
According to Erik Erikson, what is the key feature of lifespan development?
It focuses on physical growth at each stage
It focuses solely on childhood development
It involves intellectual development only
It encompasses eight stages, each with a psychosocial crisis to resolve
59
What characterizes the authoritarian parenting style?
High demands, low responsiveness
High demands, high responsiveness
Low demands, low responsiveness
Low demands, high responsiveness
60
What is a discontinuous trajectory in development?
Unpredictable changes
Smooth, gradual growth
Stepwise growth with pauses
Constant, rapid growth
61
What is typical behavior for a child with ambivalent (insecure/resistant) attachment?
Seeks mother but alternates between seeking and rejecting her
Acts as though nothing happened
Ignores the mother upon return
Avoids both mother and stranger
62
At what age range does the pre-conventional stage of moral development typically occur?
Early adolescence
Up to age 9
Late adolescence to adulthood
Adulthood only
63
According to Freud, what behavior might indicate that an adult is fixated in the oral stage of psychosexual development?
Smoking, drinking, overeating, or nail-biting
Seeking constant approval from others
Aggression and dominance
Excessive cleanliness or orderliness
64
What behavior is typically seen in a child with secure attachment when the mother leaves and returns?
Shows no reaction
Ignores the mother upon return
Runs away from the mother
Cries when she leaves, happy to see her return
65
In Stanley Milgram’s obedience research, what role did the "learner" play?
An accomplice aware of the true purpose of the research
A bystander who observed the experiment
A researcher conducting the study
A participant who was genuinely shocked
66
What is an example of projection in defense mechanisms?
Forgetting traumatic childhood memories
Denying a problem with alcohol
Accusing someone else of being angry when you are actually angry
Justifying your actions by saying “everyone does it”
67
Which of the following best demonstrates reaction formation as a defense mechanism?
Acting childish when feeling stressed
Refusing to acknowledge your feelings of anger
Denying a harmful behavior you engage in
Being overly nice to someone you secretly dislike
68
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex
Sigmund Freud believed in complete reliance on behaviorism
Sigmund Freud rejected the idea of the unconscious mind
Neo-Freudians focused more on biological instincts
69
What is the main focus of the formal operations stage in Piaget's theory?
Abstract reasoning
Language development
Logical thinking
Sensory experiences
70
In the authoritative parenting style, how are demands and responsiveness balanced?
High demands, high responsiveness
High demands, low responsiveness
Low demands, high responsiveness
Low demands, low responsiveness
71
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Overemphasizing internal factors
Ignoring situational factors
Blaming oneself
Overemphasizing external factors
72
What is a key development in the formal operations stage?
Language acquisition
Egocentric reasoning
Symbolic thought
Abstract reasoning
73
Which of the following is an example of central route persuasion?
Using catchy slogans to advertise a product
Focusing on the emotional appeal of a message
A celebrity endorsing a product in an advertisement
Using detailed stats and arguments to convince someone to buy a product
74
What is a zygote?
A one-cell structure from a sperm and egg merging
A mature egg cell
A fully developed embryo
A multi-cell organism
75
What is an example of reciprocity in relationships?
Giving and receiving in relationships
Avoiding emotional exchange
Expecting nothing in return
One-sided contributions
76
According to Sigmund Freud, what personality traits might be exhibited by people dominated by their Id?
Narcissistic and impulsive
Shy and introverted
Empathetic and thoughtful
Calm and logical
77
During the conventional stage, how do individuals typically judge morality?
Based on societal rules and expectations
By valuing fairness above all
By avoiding punishment
Through personal ethics
78
What are the characteristics of the uninvolved parenting style?
High demands, low responsiveness
Low demands, high responsiveness
Low demands, low responsiveness
High demands, high responsiveness
79
What does "O" stand for in the HEXACO model?
Obliviousness to emotion
Outgoing behavior
Obsession with control
Openness to Experience

Psychology 101 Exam 3 Review - GVSU Flashcards | StudBud