Which of the following best illustrates how scientific knowledge influences government policy?

Regulations to limit carbon dioxide emissions to reduce climate change

What structural difference between rough ER and smooth ER explains their different functions?

Rough ER has ribosomes attached; smooth ER does not.

Which animal group is characterized by radial symmetry in adults and a water vascular system?

Echinoderms (sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have a folded inner membrane?

To increase surface area for chemical reactions of cellular respiration

Over time, a population of insects exposed to pesticide shows increasing resistance. This is best explained by:

Resistant individuals survive and pass on resistance alleles

Which of the following best represents a scientific theory?

An explanation of natural phenomena based on a large body of evidence

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation

Which group of plants lacks vascular tissue?

Bryophytes (moss, liverworts, hornworts)

Which of the following is an example of how advances in biotechnology have created ethical debates in society?

The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Genes for different traits don't affect others if on different chromosomes

Which best describes the impact of invasive species such as Burmese pythons on the Florida Everglades ecosystem?

They reduce biodiversity by preying on native species.

What is the role of the Florida Everglades in the state's water system?

It serves as a natural water filtration system & helps recharge the aquifer

Which scenario best illustrates the founder effect?

A few birds colonize an island and form a new population

The red tides caused by dinoflagellates are primarily a result of:

Rapid population increase due to nutrient availability

The decision to limit certain types of scientific research (e.g., human cloning) is an example of society:

Valuing ethical considerations alongside scientific progress

A hurricane kills most of a small, isolated island lizard population regardless of fitness. This is an example of:

Genetic drift (bottleneck effect)

What is a primary function of the lateral line system in fish?

Detecting water vibrations and movement

Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than most other cells?

They need more ATP for contraction

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of monocots compared to dicots?

Flower parts in multiples of three

The introduction of non-native species through global trade is an example of:

An unintended consequence of technological and economic development

Which of the following fungi is correctly paired with its ecological role?

Mycorrhizae – mutualist with plant roots

A student claims that adding fertilizer increases plant growth. Which would be the best way to test this?

Grow identical plants with & without fertilizer under identical conditions

What is the primary purpose of a control group in an experiment?

To provide a baseline for comparison

Which of the following best explains why insects are the most diverse group of animals?

They have high reproductive rates and specialized appendages.

Lichens are a mutualistic relationship between:

A fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium

How has the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology most directly impacted society?

It made DNA analysis fast & accessible for medical diagnostics & forensics.

Which of the following describes a difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

Protostomes - blastopore becomes the mouth; Deuterostomes- becomes the anus

The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria is primarily a result of which societal factor?

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture

Which of the following correctly describes a key difference between C₃ and C₄ plants?

C₃ plants fix CO2 directly; C₄ plants fix into 4-carbon compound first

How do gymnosperms primarily differ from angiosperms?

Gymnosperms produce seeds without fruit

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FTCE Biology Prep 2

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Questions 93

Answers

1
Advances in which of the following fields have raised concerns about privacy and discrimination?
Taxonomy
Genetic testing
Paleontology
Behavioral ecology
2
Which of the following best illustrates how scientific knowledge influences government policy?
Regulations to limit carbon dioxide emissions to reduce climate change
Classifying new species
Naming constellations
Funding for pure mathematics research
3
Which of the following nutrient cycles is most affected by overuse of fertilizers in Florida agricultural regions?
Oxygen cycle
Sulfur cycle
Carbon cycle
Phosphorus cycle
4
What structural difference between rough ER and smooth ER explains their different functions?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached; smooth ER does not.
Rough ER contains DNA; smooth ER does not.
Rough ER is found only in plant cells; smooth ER is in animal cells.
Rough ER is outside the cell membrane; smooth ER is inside.
5
What type of microscope is needed to view the AIDS virus?
Electron microscope
Compound light microscope
Dissection microscope
Nuclear scanning microscope
6
Which of the following species is considered a keystone species in the Florida Everglades?
Largemouth bass
Gopher tortoise
Florida black bear
American alligator
7
Which structure is found in both fish and amphibians but modified in terrestrial vertebrates?
Swim bladder
Gills
Operculum
Notochord
8
Which of the following structures allows plant cells to withstand internal turgor pressure without bursting?
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Nucleus
9
Which protist is correctly matched with its mode of movement?
Amoeba – flagella
Plasmodium – cilia
Paramecium – cilia
Euglena – pseudopodia
10
Which of the following adaptations allowed early plants to colonize land?
Cilia for movement
Presence of hyphae
Absence of vascular tissue
Cuticles and stomata
11
Which animal group is characterized by radial symmetry in adults and a water vascular system?
Echinoderms (sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)
Cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras)
Arthropods (beetles, crabs, grasshopper)
Mollusks (snails, clams, squid)
12
Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have a folded inner membrane?
To store ribosomes
To prevent diffusion of ATP
To protect the nucleus
To increase surface area for chemical reactions of cellular respiration
13
Over time, a population of insects exposed to pesticide shows increasing resistance. This is best explained by:
Insects change their genes in response to pesticide
Mutation causes immediate resistance in all individuals
Gene flow introduces resistance from unrelated species
Resistant individuals survive and pass on resistance alleles
14
Which of the following best represents a scientific theory?
A proven fact that cannot be changed
A guess about how something works
A law that describes a universal truth
An explanation of natural phenomena based on a large body of evidence
15
Cells in the pancreas make large amounts of digestive enzymes for export. What organelle likely has many of these cells?
Centrioles
Smooth ER
Chloroplasts
Rough ER
16
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
A summary of the results of an experiment
A tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation
A proven scientific law
A collection of data and observations
17
Which group of plants lacks vascular tissue?
Bryophytes (moss, liverworts, hornworts)
Gymnosperms
Ferns
Angiosperms
18
Which of the following is an example of how advances in biotechnology have created ethical debates in society?
The discovery of penicillin to treat bacterial infections
The invention of the light microscope
The classification of organisms into domains and kingdoms
The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture
19
What is the probability of a son having hemophilia (x; recess) is his mother was a carrier & his father did not have it?
25%
0%
100%
50%
20
Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?
Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation
Homologous chromosomes do not pair during mitosis
Genes for different traits don't affect others if on different chromosomes
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis
21
Which best describes the impact of invasive species such as Burmese pythons on the Florida Everglades ecosystem?
They reduce biodiversity by preying on native species.
They increase the reproductive success of wading birds.
They promote native predator populations.
They fertilize marsh soils through decomposition.
22
What is the role of the Florida Everglades in the state's water system?
It serves as a natural water filtration system & helps recharge the aquifer
It connects directly to the deep ocean trench
It is an artificial water reservoir for drinking water
It increases salinity in the aquifer
23
Which scenario best illustrates the founder effect?
A few birds colonize an island and form a new population
A species goes extinct due to habitat loss
A population adapts to a new predator
All alleles occur with equal frequency
24
Which tool is used to cut DNA at specific sequences during genetic engineering?
Restriction enzyme
Helicase
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
25
Which of the following animals has a complete digestive tract?
Hydra
Jellyfish
Planarian (flatworm)
Earthworm
26
The red tides caused by dinoflagellates are primarily a result of:
Overconsumption of nutrients by multicellular algae
Rapid population increase due to nutrient availability
Fungal overgrowth in freshwater systems
Protists invading terrestrial ecosystems
27
The decision to limit certain types of scientific research (e.g., human cloning) is an example of society:
Ignoring scientific discoveries
Rejecting all technological advances
Valuing ethical considerations alongside scientific progress
Only allocating funding profitable research
28
A hurricane kills most of a small, isolated island lizard population regardless of fitness. This is an example of:
Gene flow
Genetic drift (bottleneck effect)
Natural selection
Adaptive radiation
29
What is a primary function of the lateral line system in fish?
Filtering food particles
Producing sound
What is a primary function of the lateral line system in fish?
Detecting water vibrations and movement
30
Which feature distinguishes fungi from plants?
Presence of chloroplasts
Sexual reproduction
Absorption of nutrients
Presence of cellulose in cell walls
31
Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than most other cells?
They cannot divide
They store genetic information
They perform photosynthesis
They need more ATP for contraction
32
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of monocots compared to dicots?
Two cotyledons
Flower parts in multiples of three
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Net-like leaf venation
33
A change from ACG to ACC in an mRNA sequence is an example of which type of mutation?
Silent
Deletion
Frameshift
Nonsense
34
Which characteristic distinguishes mammals from all other vertebrates?
Endothermy (warm-bloodedness)
Internal fertilization
Mammary glands producing milk
Four-chambered heart
35
The introduction of non-native species through global trade is an example of:
Natural selection in action
The neutral effect of human activity on ecosystems
The benefits of biodiversity
An unintended consequence of technological and economic development
36
Which plant species plays a critical role in stabilizing sand dunes from erosion along Florida’s coastline?
Slash pine
Bald cypress
Sea oats
Saw palmetto
37
Which of the following fungi is correctly paired with its ecological role?
Mushrooms – photosynthetic autotroph
Mycorrhizae – mutualist with plant roots
Yeast – decomposer of cellulose
Molds – producer in food chains
38
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Ligase
39
A student claims that adding fertilizer increases plant growth. Which would be the best way to test this?
Measure how tall plants grow in different seasons
Apply different brands of fertilizer to plants of various species
Water one plant daily and another every other day
Grow identical plants with & without fertilizer under identical conditions
40
Which of the following characteristics is most commonly used to classify protists into functional groups?
Type of nucleus
Method of obtaining nutrients
Mode of reproduction
Type of locomotion
41
What is the primary purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To change multiple variables
To provide a baseline for comparison
To replicate experimental conditions
To determine the independent variable
42
Which of the following best explains why insects are the most diverse group of animals?
They have high reproductive rates and specialized appendages.
They reproduce sexually only.
Their exoskeleton prevents any adaptation.
They only live in freshwater environments.
43
Lichens are a mutualistic relationship between:
A fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium
Two types of fungi
A plant and a fungus
A fungus and a protist
44
How has the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology most directly impacted society?
It allowed scientists to identify species by morphology alone.
It eliminated the need for DNA sequencing.
It replaced microscopes in cellular studies.
It made DNA analysis fast & accessible for medical diagnostics & forensics.
45
What adaptation allows birds to reduce body weight for flight?
Thick, solid bones
Cartilaginous skeleton
Hollow (pneumatized) bones
Exoskeleton
46
Which of the following describes a difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?
Protostomes - blastopore becomes the mouth; Deuterostomes- becomes the anus
Protostomes have radial cleavage; deuterostomes have spiral cleavage
Deuterostomes are all invertebrates
Protostomes have endoskeletons; deuterostomes do not
47
Which of the following is a common vector used to insert genes into bacteria?
Plasmid
Codon
Virus
Ribosome
48
The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria is primarily a result of which societal factor?
Advancements in genetic engineering
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture
Improved sanitation methods
Increased use of vaccines
49
Which of the following mechanisms is the original source of genetic variation in a population?
Gene flow
Mutation
Genetic drift
Natural selection
50
Which of the following correctly describes a key difference between C₃ and C₄ plants?
C₄ plants cannot survive in high-temperature, high-light environments
Only C₄ plants perform photosynthesis.
Only C₃ plants produce glucose during photosynthesis
C₃ plants fix CO2 directly; C₄ plants fix into 4-carbon compound first
51
How do gymnosperms primarily differ from angiosperms?
Gymnosperms undergo alternation of generations
Gymnosperms produce spores, not seeds
Gymnosperms produce seeds without fruit
Gymnosperms lack vascular tissue
52
Cilia and flagella contain which structural protein that helps them move?
Keratin
Tubulin
Collagen
Actin
53
Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
54
Which of the following best describes the ecological role of mangrove forests in Florida?
They increase salt levels in freshwater aquifers
They serve as nurseries for many marine organisms & reduce coastal erosion
They provide habitat only for invasive species
They prevent fire from reaching inland pine forests
55
In Florida’s coral reef ecosystems, coral bleaching is primarily caused by:
Increased predation by manatees
Salinity from inland aquifers
Excessive freshwater from rainstorms
Rising ocean temperatures due to climate change
56
The mapping of the human genome has directly contributed to:
Discovery of gravitational waves
Understanding of photosynthesis
The mapping of the human genome has directly contributed to:
Personalized medicine based on genetic profiles
57
Which of the following correctly describes a difference between protein synthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
PROs do transcription/translation together, nucleus separates for (EU)
Translation occurs in the nucleus of PRO, but occurs in the cytoplasm of EU
Only prokaryotes use RNA as the genetic material
Only eukaryotes use ribosomes to translate mRNA
58
When testing whether soil pH affects seed germination, which is the most appropriate way to increase reliability?
Use different measuring tools for each trial
Use only one seed type and condition
Change the soil type between trials
Repeat the experiment several times
59
Deoxygenated blood returns to which chamber of the mammalian heart?
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
60
What is the main purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in biotechnology?
To insert genes into plasmids
To identify protein structures
To separate DNA fragments by size
To amplify specific DNA sequences
61
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the body?
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
62
A geneticist uses gel electrophoresis to compare DNA samples. The samples are separated based on:
Size and charge
Base-pair sequence
Ribosome activity
Temperature sensitivity
63
What does natural selection act directly upon in a population?
DNA sequences
Genotypes
Allele frequencies
Phenotypes
64
Which choice best explains why double-blind procedures are used in biological research involving human subjects?
To eliminate experimental error caused by inaccurate equipment
To reduce both experimenter and participant bias
To allow subjects to choose their treatment
To ensure each subject receives all treatments
65
Sexual selection is a form of:
Genetic drift
Artificial selection
Mutation
Non-random mating
66
Peer review is important in scientific research because it:
Guarantees publication in any journal
Helps detect errors and validates results
Confirms the data will support the hypothesis
Ensures the researcher is paid fairly
67
Which of the following ecosystems is most closely associated with fire-dependent ecological succession in Florida?
Coral reef
Seagrass bed
Pine flatwoods
Mangrove forest
68
Which structure allows Amoeba to move and engulf food particles?
Flagella
Pseudopodia
Contractile vacuole
Cilia
69
In a controlled experiment, the variable that is deliberately changed is known as the:
Constant
Control group
Independent variable
Dependent variable
70
The large central vacuole in plant cells is mainly responsible for:
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Storage of water and maintenance of turgor pressure
Cellular respiration
71
Which of the following best describes a positive impact of biotechnology on agriculture?
Complete dependence on chemical pesticides
Increased soil erosion
Development of crops resistant to pests and diseases
Elimination of all agricultural pests
72
Which of the following increases genetic similarity between two previously isolated populations?
Gene flow
Directional selection
Genetic drift
Mutation
73
Which of the following correctly describes the flow of genetic information in the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
Protein → RNA → DNA
RNA → Protein → DNA
RNA → DNA → Protein
74
Which of the following is an example of codominance?
Height showing continuous variation
AB blood type in humans
Brown eyes masking blue eye color
Pink flowers from red and white parents
75
How does prescribed burning help maintain Florida’s longleaf pine ecosystems?
It prevents succession to hardwood forest
It increases soil salinity
It cools the soil to promote seed germination
It eliminates nitrogen-fixing bacteria
76
Which of the following best distinguishes a scientific theory from a scientific law?
law is revised more frequently than a theory
theory is based on opinion, while a law is based on data
theory explains why phenomena occur; law states constant patterns in nature
theory becomes a law once proven
77
Which of the following correctly matches a cell structure with its primary function?
Lysosome – synthesizes lipids
Mitochondrion – converts chemical energy in food into usable ATP
Ribosome – modifies and packages proteins
Golgi apparatus – produces ATP by photosynthesis
78
Which term describes a situation in which the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes?
Incomplete dominance
Epistasis
Codominance
Complete dominance
79
Which of the following best describes the process of imprinting observed in some birds and mammals?
Communication using visual and chemical signals to attract mates
Permanent changes in behavior caused by random mutations
Genetic programmed response triggered by specific exposures early in life
Learning that occurs gradually through repeated rewards and punishments
80
Which vessel transports oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
Arteries
81
In seed plants, the structure that develops into the seed is the:
Anther
Archegonium
Sporangium
Ovule
82
In testing the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, which is the most appropriate dependent variable
Temperature of the room
Type of plant used
Amount of light
Rate of oxygen production
83
In transcription, what is the function of RNA polymerase?
Build a complementary RNA strand from DNA template
Cut introns out of mRNA
Bind ribosomes to mRNA
Add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
84
In a cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Rr x Rr), what is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring?
2 RR : 2 Rr
1 Rr : 3 rr
1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr
3 RR : 1 rr
85
What is the difference between lupus and sickle-cell anemia?
Lupus - autoimmune disorder; Sickle Cell - genetic DNA mutation
Sickle Cell attacks otherwise healthy tissue & appears in late 20s
Lupus is inherited and alters DNA instructions for red blood cell shape
Lupus - inherited genetic mutation; Sickle Cell - autoimmune disorder
86
Which of the following animal phyla is characterized by segmentation?
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Porifera
Cnidaria
87
Which animal group has a three-chambered heart as a typical characteristic?
Mammals
Birds
Fish
Reptiles (most, except crocodilians)
88
Which of the following best represents quantitative data?
Type of leaf shape observed
Opinion about plant health
Description of plant color
The height of a plant in centimeters
89
Which of the following is an example of directional selection?
Only very small or very large fish survive
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria outcompete susceptible strains
Birds with average beak size survive best
All genotypes reproduce equally
90
Why might society benefit from increased funding for basic biological research even if there is no immediate application
Only applied research produces new knowledge.
Society generally discourages exploration of new ideas.
Knowledge gained often leads to unexpected technological advances later.
Basic research rarely leads to practical applications.
91
Which condition is not required for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Large population size
Mutations must occur frequently
Random mating
No natural selection
92
Which of the following processes occurs in the ribosome and results in a polypeptide chain?
Translation
Replication
Transcription
Mutation
93
CRISPR-Cas9 technology allows scientists to:
Create recombinant RNA
Target and edit specific DNA sequences
Sequence entire genomes in one step
Create DNA from mRNA templates

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