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History of Psych- Exam 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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History of Psych- Exam 1 Review
History of Psych- Exam 1 Review
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Answers
1
I am going to do great on this test, no need to stress!
False
True
2
Which scientist is considered the Father of Psychophysics and created a formula to measure sensation? (s = k*logR)
Treston Smith
Gustav Fechner
Ernst Weber
Herman von Helmholtz
3
Which scientist investigated the speed of neural impulses (90ft/sec) and researched vision and hearing?
Hermann von Helmholtz
Gustav Fechner
Ernst Weber
David Kinnebrook
4
We can relate Fechner's
Day View
to an
"Artificial Intelligence (AI)"
and his
Night View
to an "
Automata (Robot)"
True
False
5
According to Empiricism, the mind has innate knowledge and must be recalled through experience
False
True
6
Which of the following are issues with the study of history?
Details may be altered or left out
All of these choices are correct
Mistranslations
Things go unrecorded
7
Which philosopher argued that our minds at birth are a "
tabula rasa,"
or
blank slate
George Berkeley
John Locke
John S. Mill
James Mill
8
Which country influenced psychology by encouraging peer review, scientific research, and unrestricted curriculum
America
England
France
Germany
9
Which of these are the 2 kinds of experiences that John Locke described to acquire knowledge? (Pick 2)
Sensation: direct sensory input from physical objects (1st experience)
Day view: the universe can be regarded as the standpoint of consciousness
Night view: the entire universe consists of nothing more than inert matter
Reflection: forming ideas and recalling past sensory impressions
10
J.S. Mill believed that complex ideas (formed from simple ideas) combined w/ mental elements creates a new greater sum
False
True
11
Which theory supports George Berkeley's belief: the moment you stop perceiving or being perceived- you cease to exist.
Positivism
Materialism
Mentalism
Radicalism
12
Which of the following is true about the Mind-Body Problem? (select as many that apply)
Descartes believed the mind exerted enormous control over the body
Matter: has extension (material substance) and must operate mechanically
Mind: unextended (lacks material substance)
Descartes argued the mind and body mutually influence each other
13
Define: Gustav Fechner's "Differential Threshold"
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
14
Naturalistic Theory refers to...
Scientific progress and change due to the world's readiness (not person)
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
Theorists never come up with similar theories around the same time (false!)
Scientific progress and change due to ideas of unique individuals
15
Auguste Comte's idea of Positivism is described best by which of the following? (Pick 2)
The soul is an observable object
Physically observable = Object of Sense Everything else = Nonsense!
Positivism only recognizes objectively observable natural phenomena
Positivism has nothing to do with observation
16
John Locke's Theory of Association is the notion that knowledge results from linking simple ideas to complex ideas
False
True
17
Auguste Comte's idea of Materialism is described best by which of the following? (Pick 2)
Facts of the universe can be explained by chemistry and physics
No comment
Materialism has nothing to do with experimentation
Facts of the universe can be understood in terms of physical properties
18
Which 3 of the following are contextual forces that shaped the history of psychology? (Select as many that apply)
Economic Opportunities
Prejudice & Discrimination
Famous people
Wars
19
Define: Ernst Weber's "2-Point Threshold"
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
20
Personalistic Theory implies certain events would never occur without the will and charisma of monumental individuals
True
False
21
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Reflex Action Theory?
Descartes viewed human reflexes to be mechanistic in nature
Human reflexes are always voluntary, controlled by the mind
An external stimulus can bring about an involuntary response
Human reflexes require no thought or cognitive process
22
Rene Descartes believed the
Pineal Gland
was the point where Mind and Body meet.
True
False
23
According to Materialism, mental processes can be explained via the anatomical structures of the brain
False
True
24
James Mill was a "radical mechanist" who theorized... (Pick 2)
the brain is nothing more than a machine (like a clock)
the brain acts as a puppet master over the body
the brain can be studied even if it cannot be seen
the brain's mechanisms are predictable, set in operation by external forces
25
Extirpation: the act of lesioning (removing) parts of the brain to understand their function
False
True
26
Phrenology: the notion that the shape of one's skull was predictive of their personality and mental skills
True
False
27
Personalistic Theory refers to...
Scientific progress and change attribute to the world's readiness
Scientific progress and change attribute to ideas of unique individuals
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
The founders of a theory are more important than the contributors (false!)
28
______ ______ in observers caused slight recording errors among the hard science fields, leading to perception studies..
Individual Differences
Peer Review
Tabula Rasa
Research Methods
29
Define: Ernst's Weber's "Just Noticeable Difference" (JND- 1:4 ratio)
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
30
Which of these demonstrate Fechner's conflict between internal thought and his mechanistic view of the world (Pick 2)
Day view: the universe can be regarded as the standpoint of consciousness
Reflection: forming ideas and recalling past sensory impressions
Night view: the entire universe consists of nothing more than inert matter
Sensation: direct sensory input from physical objects (1st experience)
31
Which date is considered the birth of Psychology? (DISCLAIMER: Not on the test)
1879 (birth of our campus)
1492 (something about the ocean)
32
According to Empiricism, the mind acquires knowledge through sensory experiences
False
True
33
Rene Descartes believed the
Pituitary Gland
was the point where Mind and Body meet.
False
True
34
All of the following is
true
about the current state of Psychology EXCEPT...
Psychology has a long history and a unified paradigm defining it
May be more fragmented than at any time in its history
Has been described as a sequence of failed paradigms
Psychology has reached the Paradigmatic Stage
35
_____ Mechanism's goal is to break everything down to its basic _____ and physiological mechanisms
Philosophical
Naturalistic
Personalistic
Biological
36
Determinism is the view that...
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
37
Define: Gustav Fechner's "Absolute Threshold"
The threshold at which 2 points of stimulation feel distinct
The smallest difference that can be detected between 2 physical stimuli
The point of intensity below which no sensation is detected (vice-versa)
The least amount of change in a stimulus which gives rise to a sensation
38
Empiricism is...
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
39
Naturalistic Theory implies a theory will come about regardless of the person
False
True
40
Berkeley's Mentalism is the doctrine that all knowledge depends on _______ and the ________. (Pick 2)
Simple ideas
Experiencing person
Mental phenomena
Sensation
41
Reductionism is the view that...
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
42
Psychology was born from which two fields of study? (Pick 2)
Biology
Physics
Philosophy
Chemistry
43
"Zeitgeist" refers to...
Scientific progress and change due to the world's readiness (not person)
"Spirit of the Limes"
"Spirit of the Times"- The intellectual and cultural climate of the times
Scientific progress and change due to ideas of unique individuals
44
Which radical philosopher opposed his father and argued scientific study of the mind IS possible?
John S. Mill
Jonas Mill
James Mill
Jason Mill
45
Mechanism is the view that...
all natural processes can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry
everything can be explained by reducing it down to its base components
the pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation
every act is determined by past events and its therefore predictable
