Stars are classified according to their

size, brightness, and temperature

Which of these isn't evidence of the early stages of the formation of a solar system?

Earth and Venus rotate on their axes in opposite directions

Copernicus explained that

the sun is at the center of the system of planets

Which method of data gathering can provide evidence of the formation of the solar system?

observing stars & supernovas experiencing collisions & other movements

Which of these best explains the first stage in the diagram shown?

this stage shows a large collapsing cloud of gas and dust

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that main sequence stars

increase in brightness as they increase in temperature

Black holes form from stars that

were more than 40 times the mass of the sun

According to the nebular theory, which planet is most likely to be gaseous rather than rocky?

Neptune, b/c the farther from the sun, the more icy and gaseous they are

What do the first four outer planets have in common?

they are much larger than Earth and don't have solid surfaces

The heliocentric system gained support when Galileo observed that

Venus goes through phases similar to those of Earth's moon

Which measurement is preferred when talking about distance in galaxies and why?

Because of galaxy size, they are measured in light-years

the distance light travels in a year

Which evidence first supported the heliocentirc model of the solar system?

taking pictures of distant galaxies with satellite-based cameras

What do all the inner planets have in common?

they are small and have rocky surfaces

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The Solar System and Universe

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Questions 38

Answers

1
Stars are classified according to their
size, distance, and brightness
color, brightness, and temperature
size, brightness, and temperature
distance, size, and color
2
When stars begin to run out of fuel, they first become
red giants or supergiants
white dwarfs
supernovas
neutron stars
3
Which of these isn't evidence of the early stages of the formation of a solar system?
the space between the orbital paths of the planets is mostly empty
Earth and Venus rotate on their axes in opposite directions
the orbital path of the planets are all in the same plane as the sun
all planets revolve around the sun in the same direction
4
Copernicus explained that
the sun is at the center of the system of planets
there are only six planets
the geocentric system is correct
the sun and the planets revolve around Earth
5
The asteroid belt is located
between Earth and Mars
between Saturn and Uranus
between Jupiter and Saturn
between Mars and Jupiter
6
The theory that astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is called the
big bang theory
galactic expansion theory
expanding cloud theory
time warp theory
7
The lifetime of a star depends on its
brightness
mass
magnitude
temperature
8
Which unit is used to describe the distances between galaxies in the universe?
light-years
hours
miles
kilometers
9
A supernova is the explosion of a dying
medium-sized star
giant or supergiant star
protostar
nebula
10
When compared to the gases around them on the sun, sunspots are
brighter
hotter
the same temperature
cooler
11
One piece of evidence that supports the big bang theory is the observation that most galaxies are moving
in random directions
toward our galaxy
toward one another
away from one another
12
Which method of data gathering can provide evidence of the formation of the solar system?
use of cameras and telescopes during the formation of the solar system
observing stars & supernovas experiencing collisions & other movements
sending astronauts to each planet to gather samples from the planet
sending astronauts to the sun and gather samples and record measurements
13
Galileo saw that much of the moon's surface is covered with round pits called
highlands
maria
craters
seas
14
Which of these best explains the first stage in the diagram shown?
this stage shows the contracting and cooling of a cloud
it shows the spinning & flattenining of a nebula
this stage shows a large collapsing cloud of gas and dust
it shows the collision and fusion of particles forming several large clumps
15
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that main sequence stars
are mostly cool and bright
are mostly hot and dim
decrease in brightness as they increase in temperature
increase in brightness as they increase in temperature
16
The model in which Earth is at the center of the system of planets is called the
Copernican system
solar system
heliocentric system
geocentric system
17
Black holes form from stars that
were more than 40 times the mass of the sun
collapse extremely fast
lose all their gravitational attraction
had first turned into white dwarfs
18
According to the nebular theory, which planet is most likely to be gaseous rather than rocky?
Mercury, planets closer to the solar nebula are more likely to be gaseous
Earth, because the atmosphere consists mainly of gas
Neptune, b/c the farther from the sun, the more icy and gaseous they are
Venus, it is the warmest and more likely to gaseous
19
More than half of all stars are members of groups of two or more stars called
star systems
star clusters
eclipsing binaries
galaxies
20
Uranus is different from most other planets because it
has the most moons
is the farthest from the sun
rotates on its side
is mostly nitrogen and helium
21
What do the first four outer planets have in common?
they are much larger than Earth and are solid
they are much larger than Earth and don't have solid surfaces
they are about the same size as Earth and are solid
they are about the same size as Earth and don't have solid surfaces
22
The heliocentric system gained support when Galileo observed that
one side of the moon always faces Earth
the orbit of each planet is an ellipse
most of the smaller planets are closer to the sun
Venus goes through phases similar to those of Earth's moon
23
The Milky Way Galaxy is a
irregular galaxy
cloud galaxy
spiral galaxy
elliptical galaxy
24
Venus and Earth are much alike in terms of
their size and density
their rates of rotation
their atmospheres
the direction of rotation
25
All stars begin their lives as parts of
pulsars
protostars
nebulas
double stars
26
Which measurement is preferred when talking about distance in galaxies and why?
Galaxies close to Earth are measured in km, further away in light-years
Because solar systmes are related to stars, galaxiers are measure in km
Because galaxies exist in small regions, they are measured in km
Because of galaxy size, they are measured in light-years
27
One complete revolution of Earth around the sun take about
one season
one year
one rotation
one eclipse
28
Earth's rotation takes about
1 month
6 months
24 hours
365 days
29
The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars is
nuclear fusion
gravity
expansion
nuclear fision
30
A light-year is
the distance light travels in a year
the distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri
365 days
the amount of light the sun produces in a year
31
The two factors that combine to keep the planets in orbit are
orbital speed and mass
gravity and inertia
gravity and orbital speed
mass and inertia
32
Parallax is a method used to determine a star's
temperature
composition
distance from Earth
brightness
33
Meteroids usually come from
debris from other planets
comets or asteroids
beyond the solar system
solar winds
34
Day and night are caused by
eclipses
the tilt of the Earth's axis
Earth's revolution around the sun
Earth's rotation on its axis
35
A star is born when
a protostar begins to cool
a nebula expands
helium and oxygen combine
nuclear fusion starts
36
Saturn's rings are made up mostly of
volcanic dust particles
chunks of ice and rock
nitrogen and hydrogen
ice and water vapor
37
Which evidence first supported the heliocentirc model of the solar system?
taking pictures of distant galaxies with satellite-based cameras
mapping of stars using the unaided eye
determining that planets orbit in elliptical paths with telescopes
observing the surface features of nearby planets and moons with telescopes
38
What do all the inner planets have in common?
they are small and have rocky surfaces
they have the same diameter
they have the same period of revolution
they have the same period of rotation

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