Biology final exam study apologia

the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

the sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter

a light-sensitive region in certain protozoa

the study of the interactions between living and nonliving things

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

What are organisms that eat only organisms other than plants?

segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

a skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy.

the region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA

Maintaining the status quo.

What is a cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles?

an organism that does not require oxygen

organs that produce eggs

a poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant bacteria cells.

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane by osmosis or diffusion.

a growth response to touch

the time interval between cellular reproduction

haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit

What are organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food?

a cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits

a group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together

a change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance

a process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

What are organisms that eat both plants and other organisms?

a fine dust that contains the sperm of seed-producing plants

a diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations

a close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits

feathers with smooth barbules but no hooked barbules

an organism that feeds on a living host

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.

a radical chemical change in one or more alleles

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae

specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young

nonliving vascular tissue that carries water from the roots of a plant to its leaves

lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

animals that lack a backbone

What is a theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data?

the process when physical and biological traits are transmitted from parent to offspring

a mixture a salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat

the general guideline of traits determined by a person's DNA

the process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)

it provides nutrients to the developing seedling

the parts of a plant (such as flowers, fruits, and seeds) involved in reproduction

a pigment necessary for photosynthesis

animals that possess a backbone

What are organisms that produce their own food?

an organism that requires oxygen

a protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody

feathers with hooked and smooth barbules, allowing the barbules to interlock

a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed

chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

What are organisms that eat only plants?

to shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one

What is the study of plants?

What is an educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question?

a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out

the processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy

tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa

a change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion.

an aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments

a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

a cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait

an ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single body of water

small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.

What is the idea that life spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions?

a measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region

a genotype in which both alleles are identical

an organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process

a three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA

What is it called when naming an organism with its genus and species name?

a circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific type of amino acid

chemicals that result from atoms linking together

the body region between the head and the abdomen

the RNA that performs transcription

a body region composed of the head and thorax fused together

an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

a cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs

Clusters of DNA, RNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell.

a temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer

digestion that takes place outside of the cell

What are organisms that are able to make their own food?

The breakdown of absorbed substances.

a cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles

cells that have not specialized in any particular function

a cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair

a substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms

inheritance of a genetic trait located on a sex chromosome

a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body

ER that has no ribosomes.

What are living creatures that are too small to see the naked eye?

a mixture of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter

a structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply

a plant's response to a stimulus such that the direction of the response is preprogrammed

the process by which green plants use the energy of sunlight to produce their own food

a heart chamber that receives blood

the end of an animal that contains its head

an allele that will determine the phenotype if just one is present in the genotype

a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste

a group of populations living and interacting in the same area

an association of living organisms and their physical environment

The study of cells.

the number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell

What are organisms that depend on other organisms for their food?

What is the science of classifying organisms?

What is a hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data?

a growth response to light

the processes in an organism which use chemical building blocks to produce energy

masses of nerve cell bodies

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

The removal of soluble waste materials.

one of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes

the science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring

the period of time during which an embryo develops before being born

What is an abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents?

a group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life

chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual

the lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

What are organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms?

the study of life processes in an organism

ER that is dotted with ribosomes.

What are plants that live for only one year?

a reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating

What are plants that grow year after year?

anything that has mass and takes up space

an organism that causes disease

a temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food

a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

a measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

What is a cell with distinct, membrane-bounded organelles?

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

a growth response to gravity

a poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation

a body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection

a two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait

an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous

an organism that eats secondary consumers

the end of an animal that contains its tail

evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

the parts of a plant (such as stems, roots, and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction

an organism that feeds on dead matter

an organism that eats producers

a substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

What are plants that live for two years?

the part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption

a filament of fungal cells

the observable expression of an organism's genes

a genotype with two different alleles

Producing more cells.

DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell

an organism that eats primary consumers