Strayer, Ch. 2 Varieties of Civilizations (1200-1450)

set cultural foundation in Central America; buildings, science (0), calendars, elaborate writing, city-states

culturally diverse area with Slavic peoples, Viking traders, Finns/Baltic ppls; led by various princes in Ukraine city

A 'rebirth' of classical learning that is most often associated with Italy; major developments in art, secularism

Formerly pastoralist groups from Central Asia, converted to Islam and spread faith (11th - 12th century)

Western branch of Christianity after 1054 split; hierarchical organization (pope at the head), Latin, land owning

"Golden Age" in Chinese dynasty history; tea, rice, eave roofs

Arabic name for Spain; most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the 8th century

Japanese warrior code; values of bravery, loyalty, endurance, honor, death before surrender

Song dynasty practice for elite women, and later widespread, as a sign of beauty (and tightening patriarchy)

Central American state dominated by the semi-nomadic Mexica ppl; practice widespread trade, human sacrifice, sun god

branch of Christianity from 1054 break; married clergy, leavened bread, subordination of Church officials to ruler

large South American state, Quechua speaking, quipus using, more state-controlling government

dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750-1258; became little more than figure head

"ventures of the cross"; holy wars waged from 1095 to end of middle ages; declared by the pope

Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa

rapid population growth, improvements and achievements in agricultural and industrial production, urbanization

new capital city of the eastern half of the Roman empire; highly defensible, economically important for centuries

a political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment in the Byzantine emp

surviving, eastern part of the Roman empire during medieval centuries

Hangzhou