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AP Gov Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Gov Unit 5 Vocab
AP Gov Unit 5 Vocab
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1
What is a plea bargain?
Negotiation for reduced charges
Process for appeal
Court order to appear
Right to refuse questions
2
What is sovereign immunity?
The ability of a country to maintain control over its own territory
A doctrine that grants immunity to foreign diplomats from prosecution
The principle that protects government entities from being sued w/o consent
Immunity granted to officials for actions done in the scope of their duties
3
What is the Hatch Act?
A policy promoting the protection of endangered species.
A law stopping fed. employees from engaging in certain political activities
A regulation governing the use of federal funds for R&D
Legislation regulating the hatching and breeding of poultry
4
What is an amicus curiae brief?
A written opinion issued by a judge or justice
A brief filed by a party for additional evidence in support of their case
A document submitted by a friend of the court offering info for to a case
A legal document submitted by a party to the court requesting an action
5
What are district courts?
Courts that hear appeals from lower courts
Courts responsible for interpreting and applying the Constitution
Courts that handle cases involving disputes between two or more states
Courts that have OG jurisdiction over federal civil and criminal cases
6
What is a constitutional court?
A court that interprets and applies laws passed by the legislature
A court that handles cases involving violations of the Constitution
A court that exclusively deals with cases involving federal laws
A court set by the Constitution to adjudicate constitutional matters
7
What is certiorari?
A legal remedy for correcting errors made by lower courts
A Latin term meaning "to be informed" or "to be made certain"
An order issued by a higher court to review a lower court's decision
A type of legal document used in court proceedings
8
What is civil law?
A branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals/organizations
Laws that defines/presscribes punishment for offenses against society
A set of laws enacted by legislative bodies
A legal system based on precedents set by past court decisions
9
What is compliance monitoring?
Monitoring the environmental impact of industrial activities
Monitoring public opinion on government policies and regulations
Tracking financial transactions to prevent money laundering
Ensuring adherence to regulations and standards within an organization
10
What is a trust fund?
A financial institution that offers investment services to individuals
A charitable organization dedicated to supporting education initiatives
A government program providing financial assistance to low-income families
A legal entity created to manage assets for the benefit of beneficiaries
11
What is laissez-faire economics?
Government-controlled economy
Minimal government interference in business
Central planning and state ownership
Promotion of international trade agreements
12
What is the Whistleblower Projection Act?
Shields individuals reporting government misconduct
Ensures endangered species protection
Protects those disclosing proprietary information
Oversees whistleblower equipment safety
13
What is competitive service?
Promoting competition among businesses
Recruitment through competitive exams and merit
Jobs based on political loyalty
Service by private companies in a competitive market
14
Who is a defendant?
The individual accused or sued in a legal proceeding
The party bringing a legal action in court
The witness called to testify on behalf of the prosecution
The legal representative of a corporation in a lawsuit
15
What is the Rule of Four?
at least four potential jurors must be chosen for each trial
Four players are required to be on the field at all times
at least four Supreme Court justices must agree for a case to be heard
A regulation governing the use of four-wheel-drive vehicles on public roads
16
New York is better than Washington D.C.
False
True
17
What is an injunction?
A court order requiring a person to appear in court
A legal document outlining the terms of a contract
A court order prohibiting or compelling specific actions
A judicial decision to dismiss a case without further consideration
18
What is stare decisis?
A process by which judges are evaluated for their performance
A principle requiring courts to adhere to precedent made in previous cases
A doctrine allowing judges to interpret laws based on their beliefs
A doctrine permitting courts to review and invalidate laws
19
What is the Civil Service Act?
Policy for cooperation between government and civil society
System for hiring government employees based on merit
Procedures for civil lawsuits
Citizens' rights to government services
20
What is common law?
A legal doctrine based on the divine right of kings
Legal principles derived from past court decisions and customs
A system of law based on legislative statutes and regulations
Laws enacted by a ruler or governing body
21
What is a brief?
A formal request made by one party to the court
A written opinion issued by a judge or justice
A summary of the main arguments presented in a legal case
A document outlining the procedural history of a case
22
What is the spoils system?
Jobs awarded based on loyalty and political support
Merit-based government appointments
Rewarding successful businesses with government contracts
Recruitment through competitive exams
23
Who is the attorney general?
The head of the Department of Justice in the United States
The leader of the legislative branch of government
The highest-ranking military officer in the armed forces
The chief legal advisor to the president
24
What is judicial activism?
Strict interpretation of the law
Limiting court role in policymaking
Deferring to executive decisions
Broad interpretation and policy intervention
25
What is a legislative veto?
A process for overturning laws passed by the legislative branch
A parliamentary procedure for expediting the passage of bills
A method for citizens to directly vote on proposed legislation
A mechanism allowing legislators to block executive actions or regulations
26
What is in forma paupaeris?
A court order requiring a party to take actions to correct a legal wrong
Allowing indigent individuals to proceed with a lawsuit without court fees
A legal term for a party representing themselves in court
A legal doctrine allowing judges to interpret laws based on their beliefs
27
What is a name-request job?
A job requiring specific names to be included in the application
A job where candidates are selected based on their names
A job involving tasks related to naming products or brands
A job position filled through recommendations or personal connections
28
What is the judiciary?
The branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying laws
The executive branch of government responsible for enforcing laws
A system of checks and balances within the government
The legislative branch of government responsible for making laws
29
Who is a plaintiff?
The person or party against whom a lawsuit is filed
The party bringing a legal action or lawsuit against another party
The lawyer representing the defendant in a legal case
The individual appointed by the court to oversee legal proceedings
30
What is original jurisdiction?
The process of selecting jurors for a trial
The power of a court to hear a case for the first time
A court's ability to hear appeals from administrative agencies
The authority of a higher court to review decisions made by lower courts
31
What is the Sunshine Act?
Legislation promoting solar energy and renewable resources
A policy aimed at improving public access to recreational areas
A law requiring transparency in certain government agency meetings
A regulation ensuring fair practices and worker rights in agriculture
32
What is appellate jurisdiction?
The power to review decisions made by lower courts
The authority to hear cases involving criminal offenses
The jurisdiction over cases involving federal laws
The responsibility to conduct trials in civil cases
33
What is judicial review?
The review of lower court decisions by appellate courts
A process by which the president reviews judicial appointments
The judiciary can review/invalidate laws that violate the Constitution
A process by which judges are evaluated for their performance
34
What is the Solicitor General?
The chief legal advisor to the President of the United States
A lawyer set by Congress to oversee matters related to national security
A government official that oversees proceedings within a jurisdiction
The head of the Department of Justice
35
What is the dissenting opinion?
A summary of the case presented by one of the parties involved
An opinion written by a justice who disagrees with the majority decision
An opinion by a justice who agrees with the majority for different reasons
The formal decision and reasoning of the majority of justices in a case
36
What is discretional authority?
Authority that is limited to specific tasks and responsibilities
Authority exercised based on established rules and regulations
Authority delegated to lower-level employees within an organization
Authority to make decisions based on personal judgment and interpretation
37
What is a writ of certiorari?
A legal document used to initiate a lawsuit in federal court
A document issued by a court to request a higher court to review a case
A court's writ reviews and decides to hear a lower court's decision
An order requiring a party to participate in court
38
What is red tape?
A type of adhesive used in office supplies
A term referring to the color of official government documents
A bureaucratic practice involving excessive rules and regulations
A method of sealing confidential information
39
What is criminal law?
A set of laws enacted by legislative bodies
A branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals/organizations
A legal system based on precedents set by past court decisions
Laws that defines/presscribes punishment for offenses against society
40
What is a remedy?
A court order requiring a party to take to correct a legal wrong
A procedure for resolving disputes through mediation or arbitration
A legal document that initiates a lawsuit
A substance used to alleviate pain or treat a medical condition
41
What is excepted service?
A service that is exempt from taxes
A service provided by nonprofit organizations
A type of govt employment not subject to the competitive hiring process
A service with specific exceptions to standard government regulations
42
What is the Opinion of the Court?
A summary of the arguments made by the parties involved in a case
The formal decision and reasoning of the majority of justices in a case
The dissenting opinion written by justices who disagree with the majority
A document outlining procedural rules for the court's proceedings
43
What is committee clearance?
Cleaning committee documents
Ensuring committee legality
Clearing schedules for meetings
Getting legislative approval
44
What is appropriation?
A legislative process for allocating funds for specific purposes
A form of cultural exchange between different ethnic groups
A movement in which existing objects or images are recontextualized
A method of land acquisition by government agencies for public use
45
What is an appellate court?
A court responsible for drafting new legislation
A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts
A court that hears cases for the first time
A court that handles criminal trials
46
What is a litmus test?
A medical test to check for the presence of certain substances in the body
A psychological test used to assess cognitive abilities and personality
A test used to determine a person's political ideology
A test used in chemistry to determine the acidity/alkalinity of a substance
47
What is standing?
The legal capacity to bring a lawsuit to court
The act of physically being present in a courtroom during legal proceedings
The process of selecting jurors for a trial
The formal declaration of a court's decision on a legal matter
48
What is judicial self-restraint?
Broad interpretation and policy intervention
Deferring to executive decisions
Strict interpretation of the law
Limiting court role in policymaking
49
What is a strict constructionist?
A supporter of judicial activism and intervention in legal cases
An advocate for limited government intervention in legal matters
A person who adheres to a literal interpretation of the Constitution
Someone who believes in broad interpretation of legal texts
50
What are annual authorisations?
An accounting procedure for reconciling financial records annualy
A process for granting permission to hold yearly events or activities
A type of legislative approval required for ongoing government programs
A legal requirement for companies to renew their business licenses annually
51
What is a per curiam opinion?
A unanimous opinion issued without attribution to a specific author
An opinion authored by a law clerk on behalf of a judge
A legal opinion issued by a single judge
An opinion written by the entire court collectively
52
What is the National Performance Review?
A legislative review process to assess the efficacy of national policies
A program aimed at enhancing the performance of national sports teams
A policy framework for national security and defense strategy
A governmental initiative to improve the efficiency of federal agencies
53
What is a class-action lawsuit?
A lawsuit initiated by a single individual against a large corporation
A lawsuit filed by a group of individuals against multiple defendants
A legal action taken by a corporation against its competitors
A group of plaintiffs with similar claims collectively sue a defendant
54
What is bureaucracy?
Advocacy for maximum individual freedom
Hierarchical organization with formal rules and roles
Concentrated power in a single leader
Direct citizen decision-making
55
What is the concurring opinion?
A summary of the case presented by one of the parties involved
The formal decision and reasoning of the majority of justices in a case
An opinion by a justice who agrees with the majority for different reasons
An opinion written by a justice who disagrees with the majority decision
56
What is the Iron Triangle?
A political alliance between military, industrial, and government entities
Relationship between government agencies, committees, and interest groups
A geometric shape used in architectural design
A method of weightlifting popular among bodybuilders
57
What is persuasive precedent?
A principle set by a court decision that must be followed in future cases
A court decision that is not binding but may be considered as influential
A precedent set by a higher court that lower courts are bound to follow
A doctrine that allows judges to interpret laws based on their beliefs
58
What is a liberal constructionist?
Someone who believes in the flexibility of laws to adapt to societal needs
Someone who favors the literal interpretation of constitutional provisions
A person who advocates for strict interpretation of legal texts
A supporter of limited government intervention in legal matters
59
What is the Freedom of Information Act?
Legislation protecting journalists' freedom of speech and press
A law granting citizens the right to access government records and info
A regulation ensuring the privacy of individuals' personal information
A policy promoting freedom of expression on social media platforms
60
What is the Senior Executive Service?
A retirement benefits program for senior citizens
A leadership corps of senior government officials appointed based on merit
A ranking system for executives in private corporations
A program providing financial assistance to elderly individuals
61
What is a court of appeal?
A court that hears cases for the first time
A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts
A court responsible for drafting new legislation
A court that handles cases involving violations of the Constitution
62
What is an issue network?
A group of individuals discussing problems on social media platforms
A network of communication satellites used for global internet connectivity
A group of individuals and organizations working on a specific policy issue
A network of interconnected computers used to address societal issues
