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Intro Exam 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Intro Exam 2 Review
Intro Exam 2 Review
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1
An example of a primary reinforcer includes
Money
Food
Diploma
Good grades
2
The reappearance, after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
high-order learning
3
Hypnosis can get rid of pain.
False
True
4
Stimulus generalization is
minimum amount needed to evoke response
results always being different from hypothesis
tendency to evoke same response
no response is given
5
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Putting on your seatbelt so the car stops beeping
Being grounded for staying out past curfew
Your parents taking away your phone because of bad grades
Getting a new phone for getting a 5 on an AP exam
6
What is a Primary Reinforcer?
a high five
Items a child likes (candy, tickles, hugs)
Items a child needs to survive (food, shelter, water)
Communication or Praise
7
Classical Conditioning involves all of the following except:
Negative reinforcement
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus
8
Cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions are known as:
Fore
Racism
Display Rules
Common Courtesy
9
A stimulus that naturally or automatically triggers a response
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Reinforcer
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Responce
10
Human are excellent at emotional forcasting.
False
True
11
A process of reinforcement used to sculpt new response through successive approximations is:
Token economy
Editing
Shaping
Modeling
12
The Little Albert study provided evidence that
humans can learn through observation
biological constraints affect learning in humans
punishment can effectively decrease behavior in humans
fear can be conditioned in humans
13
REM behavior disorder results from
blockage of brain signals to the muscles allowing them to move
deterioration of medial hypothalamus causing paralysis
too much sleep
not enough sleep
14
What is needed to transfer a memory from Sensory Memory to Short Term Memory
Retrival
Enoding
Rehearsal
Attention
15
This theory assumes that behavior is motivated by attempts to reduce hypothetical internal state of tension:
Incentive Theory
Behavioral Theory
Humanistic Theory
Drive Theory
16
Drug abusers develop "tolerance" for drugs, meaning they need _________.
more drug to get the same effect
no more drugs after 7 years
less drug to get the same effect
to get a life
17
What is episodic memory?
Memory of recollected episodes
Memory of events that have never taken place
Memory that is used unconsciously
Memory of specific experienced events
18
What is the order of the stages of memory?
Retrieval, short term memory, long term memory
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Storage, retrieval, coding
Sensory, storage, short term
19
Which of the following behaviors is consistent with drive theory of motivation?
Working an extra overtime shift at work
getting a drink of water when thirsty
Looking up an answer to a question on Jeopardy
getting more food after eating becuase it tastes good
20
According to the________ humans select mates based on what must be invested in terms of time, and resources by gender.
Evolutionary Outcome Theory
Historical Analysis Theory
Parental Investment Theory
Automatic Selection Theory
21
People tend to eat less when presented with a variety of foods.
False
True
22
Which reinforcement schedule is more likely to have higher resistance to extinction?
Variable rates
Variable schedules
Fixed schedules
Fixed rates
23
This hormone delivers satiety signals to the brain, thus reducing hunger.
Vagus
Ghrelin
Leptin
CCK
24
The activation-synthesis theory states..
stress increases the number and intensity of our dreams
Dreams are a meaningless result of brain action in REM sleep
dreams are a result of not getting enough sleep
Dreams can be used to determine unconscious feelings
25
What is a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning?
Neutral Stimulus
Unconditioned Responce
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus
26
Memories can remain in short term memory for up to _______.
1 hour
20 seconds
20 minutes
a fraction of a second
27
Homosexuality is a learned preference acquired when same-sex stimuli have been paired with sexual arousal.
False
True
28
The dog’s learned response to the bell or conditioned stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment is what?
Conditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Punishment
29
This reinforcement schedule is where you are reinforced after an unpredicatable number of responses.
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Variable Ratio
Fixed Ratio
30
Name the reinforcement where a reinforcer is added in order to increase a desired response.
Neutral Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Reinforcing Reinforcement
31
The misinformation effect refers to the
failure of encoding
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
32
A behavior followed by a reinforcement:
Will increase the behavior
Will spoil kids
Will decrease the behavior
33
Classical conditioning is learning through ______
Association
Punishment
Modeling
Reinforcement
34
The part of the brain that regulates hunger is the:
frontal lobe
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
35
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
You do not get enough REM sleep
High arousal and an appearance of being terrified
Acting out your dreams while sleeping
Getting scary nightmares
36
Which of these levels of memory has a limited capacity?
Long Term Memory
Sensory Store
Sensory Register
Short Term Memory
37
The paradox concerning REM sleep is that while
it is a deep sleep, the person is easy to awaken.
it is a light sleep, the person's muscles are practically paralyzed.
person is dreaming, the brainwave pattern resembles an alert & awake person
it occurs when a person first falls asleep, but people remember best.
38
Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?
Unconditioned stimulus produces Unconditioned response
Conditioned response produces the Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus produces the conditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus produces the Unconditioned stimulus
39
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations, and external stimuli is defined as
consciousness.
perception.
hypnosis.
sensation.
40
The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as _____ rhythms.
circadian
slow-wave
subcortical
REM
41
The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence is known as:
motivating operation
Winner motive
organismal goal learning
achievement motive
42
Which method would lead to better memory of a word?
"Is the word in all capitals?"
"What environment could I find it in?"
"Does it rhyme with another word?"
"How many letters does it have?"
43
A person’s preference for emotional & sexual relationships w/ individuals of the same sex, opposite sex, both or neither
Gender Identity
Gender Expression
Sexual Orientation
Biological Sex
44
The natural point of stability for weight is known as:
Goal point
Last point
Set point
BMI
45
You treat yourself to a new shirt after every pound you lose. Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio
Fixed Ratio
46
When Lisa was a child, she only ate beets at Easter. She now loves beets due to the association her family. Why?
Taste Preferences
Historic Learning
Classical Conditioning
Observational Learning
47
a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its assocation with a primary reinforcer
shaping
secondary reinforcer
unconditioned stimulus
primary reinforcer
48
Some emotions are common across cultures.
True
False
49
A state of physiological equilibrium or stability is known as:
Balance
Vagus
Homestasis
Drive
50
A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness & bring mental process under greater voluntary control
meditation.
transcendental psychology.
hypnosis.
Buddhism.
51
Working memory allows us to keep information active while working on a task.
True
False
52
What are the three different levels of processing helping us encode information into memory?
Iconic, Implicit, Semantic
Iconic, Echoic, Sensory
Visual, Acoustic, Semantic
Visual, Acoustic, Syntax
53
What occurs when the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response?
Extinction
Discrimination
Acquistion
Generalization
54
In 'Little Albert' study, during conditioning there were repeated pairings of ____________
a loud noise and a rat
a bell with the food
a loud noise and crying
a rat and crying
55
How many stages of sleep are there?
7
8
4
10
56
Long term memory has unlimited capacity.
True
False
57
Subjective conscious experience accompanied by bodily arousal and characteristic overt experience
Emotion
Reflection
Consideration
Motivation
58
All of the following are behavioral factors in hunger EXCEPT:
palatability
Variety of food available
attention
stress
59
This theory of emotion suggested that emotional experience was a simultaneous experience of feeling and arousal.
Cannon Bard
Schachter
James Lange
Harlow
60
The process of learning a conditioned response.
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Shaping
Acquisition
61
Which of the following is not a principle of classical conditioning?
Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination
Extinction
Encoding