Which of the following is NOT a use for Cuisenaire rods in a classroom that uses the Silent Way?

Track students' translation successes

Ms. Wright plans to use Language Experience Approach to create new vocabulary words. Which is the most logical step?

Design an experience for the class to share

Which of the following is considered a key component to the natural method?

Providing students with learning materials using the target language

Which of the following criteria is NOT considered essential in a language objective?

Determining language objectives prior to developing content area objectives

A text used for reading describes process of glycolysis in the body. Why would this NOT demonstrate content validity?

Student success depends on understanding of specific scientific terminology

In the four phases of acculturation, the humor phase is often marked by what?

Difficulty as person grapples with feelings of rejecting the old culture

What do the following consonant pairs have in common: p, b; f, v; s, z?

The first is the unvoiced sound, and the second is voiced.

Which definition best describes a pidgin?

Grammatically simplified mode of communicating that may use two languages

Materials that take into account students' backgrounds, experiences, and interests are said to be

Culturally appropriate materials

Which of the following describes an English learner with intrinsic motivation?

Margot likes working in small groups to practice talking with others

Which is NOT relevant prior to assessing an ELL for special education services?

Documentation shows a restricted ability to communicate

Which would be most helpful in activating students' prior knowledge before reading a new text?

Examining vocabulary words students will find in the text

What is the primary emphasis in pull-out ESOL programs?

Developing English skills that prepare learners for their content classes

Which of the following is NOT true?

Culture and language are separate and unrelated

Which determines when an English learner no longer requires English language programs and services?

The student's scores on state selected tests meet designated cutoff points

Which classroom activity best incorporates Stephen Krashen's input hypothesis?

Having students listen to a conversation with familiar and unfamiliar vocab

In the order that a person generally passes through them, what are the four stages of acculturation?

Honeymoon, Hostility, Humor, Home

Four students write sentences using apostrophes on the board. Which one is correct?

Its medicines are still at the vet's office.

Which best describes the teacher's key role with respect to student use of self assessment tools?

A teacher must show students how to apply assessment criteria to their work

Which of the following activities would be used by an ESOL teacher who has implemented the grammar-translation method?

Students select short story in their native language & rewrite in English

Which of the following is an example of a standardized classroom assessment?

A teacher uses a rating scale while a student reads aloud

Four students write sentences on the board. Which has a mistake in comma usage?

Ms. Platt approved the play a little known work by Ibsen.

Which best illustrates cultural bias in a math test item?

The item references national sports teams

An ESOL is creating a role playing lesson about acting out common occurrences. Why is this beneficial?

Students are working in context they may use outside the classroom

In semantics, denotation means

A word's actual dictionary definition

Which of the following classroom activities uses authentic materials?

Students use maps of the city to write directions from school to their home

How can teachers assess students' phonemic awareness?

Have students sound out unfamiliar words in a textbook

With respect to English learners, what stipulation does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act make?

ESOL is not an appropriate reason for learning disability designation

Which of the following describes a push-in model of classroom instruction?

Mrs. Garcia travels to Ana's English class to provide one-on-one services

Which of the following characteristics should ESOL teachers avoid when modeling langauge for students?

Overemphasizing stressed syllables

Mohammed is from Egypt and his teacher notices he is not eating lunch. How would this be addressed?

Discreetly talk with Mohammed about eating practices at home

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ESL Certification 1

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1
Why would the concept of World Englishes be important?
Pidgins that students should learn to communicate in global market
English is the easiest language to learn
Accustomed to various dialects
English should be the only language
2
Which of the following is NOT a use for Cuisenaire rods in a classroom that uses the Silent Way?
Demonstrate prepositions
Represent other objects
Track students' translation successes
Make comparisons
3
Ms. Wright plans to use Language Experience Approach to create new vocabulary words. Which is the most logical step?
Determine how her students should be grouped
Create a universal assessment for her students
Read a story about a topic with which all her students are familiar
Design an experience for the class to share
4
Which of the following is considered a key component to the natural method?
Acclimating students to the target language by using their native language
Focusing on grammar and syntax in order to build linguistic understanding
Requiring students respond to questions with single-and multi-word answers
Providing students with learning materials using the target language
5
Which of the following criteria is NOT considered essential in a language objective?
Emphasizing speaking & writing skills w/o neglecting listening & reading
Using active verbs to name targeted functions
Determining language objectives prior to developing content area objectives
Specifying the targeted language skills that students must use
6
A text used for reading describes process of glycolysis in the body. Why would this NOT demonstrate content validity?
Student success depends on ability to use context clues to draw conclusions
Student success depends on ability to identify features of information text
Student success depends on an understanding of transition words
Student success depends on understanding of specific scientific terminology
7
What are the smallest units of language that can convey meaning or play a part in the grammatical structure of a word?
Digraphs
Phonemes
Morphemes
Logographs
8
In the four phases of acculturation, the humor phase is often marked by what?
Comfort and feeling like a part of the new culture
A lot of laughter at the cultural norms of the adopted country
Delight at the newness of the culture of the adopted country
Difficulty as person grapples with feelings of rejecting the old culture
9
Cultural factors that could influence ESL students' readiness and learning may include which of the following?
Gender
A student's previous formal education
All of the above
Parents' education levels
10
A student pronounces "stay" as "suh-tay," "please" as "puh-leas" and "fry" as "fuh-ry". What is his problem?
Elision
Interlanguage
Transformation
Epenthesis
11
What do the following consonant pairs have in common: p, b; f, v; s, z?
The first is the unstressed consonant, and the second is the stressed.
The first is the stressed consonant, and the second is unstressed.
The first is the unvoiced sound, and the second is voiced.
The first is the voiced sound, and the second is unvoiced.
12
Which definition best describes a pidgin?
A variety of a language that people in a certain region speak
A grayish bird often found in cities
Grammatically simplified mode of communicating that may use two languages
A stage of first-language acquisition
13
Which cultures view time as holistic and value flexibility over punctuality?
Proxemic
Monochronic
Behaviorist
Polychronic
14
In which culture do the context and relationships among speakers figure importantly in communication?
Western European
Low-Context
Superior
High Context
15
During which universal stage of first language acquisition do children begin to produce sounds based on friction?
Pre-Speech
One-Word
Early Multi-Word
Babbling
16
Teacher asks bilingual poets to provide feedback to students in response to poem recitations. What assessment is used?
Diagnostic
Standardized
Performance-Based
Self-Assessment
17
A video of an English language learner orally presenting a research project is an example of which type of assessment?
Standardized
Portfolio
Receptive
Diagnostic
18
Materials that take into account students' backgrounds, experiences, and interests are said to be
Culturally appropriate materials
Content-appropriate materials
Level-appropriate materials
Age-appropriate materials
19
Which of the following describes an English learner with intrinsic motivation?
Terrique studies his math every night to get candy.
James writes down notes so his parents see he pays attention
Elliana wants an A so she can go to a sleepover.
Margot likes working in small groups to practice talking with others
20
Which of the following activities results in the rehearsal of receptive skills?
Reading a poem
Giving a speech
Telling a story
Writing a song
21
Which is NOT relevant prior to assessing an ELL for special education services?
Documentation shows no progress in learning outcomes
Documentation shows staff agreement that performance differs from peers
Documentation shows feedback and input of parents
Documentation shows a restricted ability to communicate
22
Which would be most helpful in activating students' prior knowledge before reading a new text?
Completing an activity in which students define types of texts
Writing letters to an author of their choice
Holding a discussion about the students' favorite books
Examining vocabulary words students will find in the text
23
What is the primary emphasis in pull-out ESOL programs?
Creating an environment where students feel free to speak native languages
Making students aware of the importance of translation abilities
Developing English skills that prepare learners for their content classes
Fostering a sense of community between English learners within a classroom
24
According to what hypothesis are a human's thoughts and actions determined by language?
Sapir Whorf
Affective Filter
Acquisition Learning
Natural Order
25
Maya is able to easily converse with her friend Jamie about her birthday plans. What is Maya likely experienced in?
BICS
CLT
ALM
CALP
26
Marlin enjoys participating in class discussions and initiates them. He can also self-correct. What stage is he in?
Preproduction
Early Production
Speech Emergence
Intermediate Fluency
27
Which of the following is NOT true?
Culture and language are separate and unrelated
Culture is transmitted through many means including arts
Culture is transmitted through language, among other means
Culture is the beliefs, customs, values, and attitudes of a group
28
Which determines when an English learner no longer requires English language programs and services?
The student's home survey reports that the primary language is English
The student has completed an instructional program aligned to ELP standards
The student has been enrolled in an English learner program for two years
The student's scores on state selected tests meet designated cutoff points
29
Which classroom activity best incorporates Stephen Krashen's input hypothesis?
Having students listen to a conversation with familiar and unfamiliar vocab
Having students select poems to read aloud in their new language
Having students use a dictionary to write a report on a topic of interest
Having students practice verb conjunctions with new vocabulary words
30
In the order that a person generally passes through them, what are the four stages of acculturation?
Honeymoon, Hostility, Humor, Home
Shock, Humor, Hostility, Home
Hostility, Honeymoon, Humor, Home
Shock, Honeymoon, Homesickness, Home
31
Four students write sentences using apostrophes on the board. Which one is correct?
Its medicine's are still at the vets office.
It's medicine's are still at the vets office.
It's medicines are still at the vet's office.
Its medicines are still at the vet's office.
32
Which best describes the teacher's key role with respect to student use of self assessment tools?
A teacher must ensure that students use self-assessment tools
A teacher must show students how to apply assessment criteria to their work
A teacher must provide self-assessment tools to students who can use them
A teacher must include the use of self-assessment as part of learning goals
33
Which of the following activities would be used by an ESOL teacher who has implemented the grammar-translation method?
Students read essays aloud in English
Students write poems in English and read them aloud
Students select short story in their native language & rewrite in English
Students listen to famous speech in English & discuss with small group
34
Which of the following is an example of a standardized classroom assessment?
A teacher meets with a student one on one to discuss a poem
A teacher asks a student to paraphrase information from an article
A teacher has students keep science journals to record observations
A teacher uses a rating scale while a student reads aloud
35
There is no word in English for the Norwegian word "utepils", the first beer after winter. This supports which idea?
Advanced Fluency
Input Hypothesis
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Grammar Translation Method
36
Four students write sentences on the board. Which has a mistake in comma usage?
Inge, a talented singer, is also in the play.
Mario, Mona, and Ming are in the play.
Ms. Platt approved the play a little known work by Ibsen.
Ahmed is in the play, but Salem did not even try out for it.
37
Context of situation & communication between speaker & listener are important beyond meaning of words & phrases
Phonetics
Linguistic Competence
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
Pragmatics
38
Which best illustrates cultural bias in a math test item?
The item references national sports teams
It references standard shapes
It includes a chart with tally marks
The item includes a graph with rows of fruit
39
An ESOL is creating a role playing lesson about acting out common occurrences. Why is this beneficial?
Students are using authentic texts.
Students are generating their target language
Students are working in context they may use outside the classroom
Students are being given a specific task to learn new vocabulary
40
In semantics, denotation means
How words are formed into phrases or sentences
The emotional association of a word
A speech act of one or more words with silence before and after
A word's actual dictionary definition
41
Mr. Gonzalez says targeted skills practice worked best. What literacy approach is this?
Whole Language
Universal Grammar
Phonics / Skills Based
Language Experience Approach
42
A student is socializing well and excelling in sports, but is struggling in content classes. What is she lacking?
CALP
TPR
BICS
SIOP
43
Julia is having difficulty structuring her sentences in English. With which component is she struggling?
Usage
Semiotics
Mechanics
Grammar
44
Which of the following classroom activities uses authentic materials?
Students create take-out menus with descriptions of their favorite foods
Students use maps of the city to write directions from school to their home
Students watch a version of Romeo and Juliet adapted for ESOL classrooms
Students write biographies of favorite actors for an imaginary website
45
How can teachers assess students' phonemic awareness?
Ask students to write down vocabulary words they have studied
Ask students to make a list of areas they would like to work on further
Have students create a porfolio deonstrating their best written work
Have students sound out unfamiliar words in a textbook
46
With respect to English learners, what stipulation does the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act make?
ESOL is not an appropriate reason for learning disability designation
English learners must meet the same achievement standards as all students
School districts must administer placement tests to non-English students
Organizations that receive federal money are prohibited from discrimination
47
Which of the following describes a push-in model of classroom instruction?
Mrs. Olsen takes students to her room for 2 hours of reading instruction
Mr. Albrecht works individually with ESOL students during their study hall
Mrs. Garcia travels to Ana's English class to provide one-on-one services
Mr. Forrester teaches ESOL students in his classroom all day
48
Guillermo regularly pronounces the letter "e" with the long "a" sound. What is he experiencing?
Displacement
Negative Transfer
Cognate Awareness
Code-Switching
49
Which of the following characteristics should ESOL teachers avoid when modeling langauge for students?
Speaking in short phrases and sentences
Speaking in a measured pace
Overemphasizing stressed syllables
Using appropriate vocabulary
50
Mr. Barnes waits to call on students until more are ready with an answer. Which best describes what he is doing?
He is differentiating learning
He is identifying gaps in learning
He is assessing listening skills
He is observing student behavior
51
Mohammed is from Egypt and his teacher notices he is not eating lunch. How would this be addressed?
Get a tray of food for him
Ask other students if they know why he is not eating
Discreetly talk with Mohammed about eating practices at home
Send a note home to Mohammed's parents
52
How can ESOL teachers best assist Students with Interrupted Formal Education?
By planning content area and linguistic objectives separately
By encouraging students to keep pace with other learners in their classes
By focusing on academic and linguistic skills first
By providing students with individual attention on a regular basis
53
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an individual's culture?
Value placed on individual accomplishments
Identifying with a group
Competitive behavior
Value placed on the idea of equality
54
Which of the following is a key component to instruction done the Silent Way?
Translation
Repetition
Problem Solving
Rote Memorization
55
The direct method of instruction is based on which of the following principles?
Use of repetitive exercises to emphasize grammatical structure & vocab
Second language should be acquired the same way as first languages
Learners must use real communication to engage in language acquisition
Teaching in their native languages allows finding similarities with the new
56
Mr. Worth asked students to analyze why characters in a novel rebel. What rhetorical pattern are they using?
Compare / Contrast
Chronological Order
Cause and Effect
Classification
57
Which skill set refers to the elements of language that are by rules?
Integrated language skills
Receptive skills
Discrete language skills
Productive skills
58
A new student is very good at recognizing similarities in English. What element is she demonstrating?
Code-Switching
Positive Transfer
Interference
Phonemic Awareness
59
During which stage of literacy development will students focus on sounds of language and how they combine to form words?
Early
Transitional
Fluency
Emergent
60
Which of the following materials are likely to be found in an ESOL classroom with Communicative Language Teaching?
A shelf of usage and syntax manuals
Audio recordings of famous speeches made in English
Charts displaying various verb conjugations
A box of magazines and take-out menus written in English
61
Why was the audio-lingual method of language instruction created?
To aid American military officers in speaking with foreign prisoners of war
To help deaf soldiers learn a second language
Assist American soldiers in communicating with foreign military personnel
To allow communication between deaf and hearing soldiers
62
Which of the following is an example of constructive feedback?
"Your pronunciation is incorrect."
"I think you misunderstood the directions."
"I loved reading your paper."
"You need to include more examples to illustrate your point."
63
Which describes assessment that ranks students according to predetermined average based on performance of a peer group?
Diagnostic
Criterion Referenced
Norm Referenced
Rubric
64
What are "false friend" cognates?
Two-faced study partners
Ways of thinking that are not helpful to language learning
Words in two languages that look similar but are actually different
Words that are similar in spelling and meaning in two languages
65
Mr. Munoz is delivering an oral language test. Which is the most appropriate way to scaffold this?
Provide students with a copy of the conversation before the quiz
Present students with specific questions they will be expected to answer
Describe several of the topics to be covered
Give students one week advanced notice
66
Naveen shows little interest in learning English. What might encourage Naveen to participate?
Assign Naveen a reading passage that uses vocabulary the class has learned
Ask Naveen to choose a topic that he would like to write about
Allow Naveen to be classroom assistant
Have Naveen design a project that everyone in the class would work on
67
Which of the following activities demonstrates the use of Task-Based Instruction (TBI)?
Students complete a science lab report describing steps in an experiment
Students create personal portfolios of their written works
Students read Romeo and Juliet from their English textbook, taking parts
Students organize and then advertise a playground clean-up
68
What is the purpose of using both standardized and performance based assessments in the classroom?
To ensure all students are progressing at the same pace and in similar ways
To gather as much data as possible w/ respect to student achievement levels
To gain understanding of the abilities and instructional needs of students
To gather samples of student work to be used during parent conferences
69
Which of the following is the first step in assessing the English learner needs of a new student?
Placement Test
Home Survey
Instructional Program
Achievement Test
70
Which of the following materials would NOT be found in the classroom that uses whole language approach?
Anchor charts depicting grammar skills
Leveled readers in the classroom library
Audio recordings of poems and stories
Displays of students' written work
71
Marcus is writing a story for psychology class about a time when he was scared. What kind of a paper is it?
Narrative
Procedural
Expository
Descriptive
72
Mr. Juarez split his class to do a debate. What kind of cognitive strategy is he using?
Self-Regulation
Comprehensive
Reasoning
Problem-Solving
73
A student writes: in the porch, on the basement, and around the ceiling. She needs extra practice with
Conjunctions
Pronouns
Verbs
Prepositions
74
A teacher differentiates learning for ELLs to ensure instructional needs are met. Which approach is being implemented?
A one-way dual language instructional model
A bilingual instructional model
An ESL instructional model
A two-way dual language instructional model
75
A teacher divides students to discuss character motivation and monitors. What type of literary assessment is used?
Informal group literary assessment
Formal individual literary assessment
Informal individual literary assessment
Formal group literary assessment
76
Ms. Sanchez prepared a reading list of classical historical texts for students to choose. What is she doing?
Bias
Portfolio Assessment
Acculturation
Norm
77
How does phonological awareness in a first language impact second language acquisition?
Indicates that learners would benefit from phonological direct instruction
It helps students recognize and apply cognate awareness
Inhibits ability to transfer skills from first language to second.
Aids learners in transferring skills from first language to their second
78
Students learn vocab by listening to lyrics of songs & repeating back choruses, reviewing pronunciation. Method used?
Communicative
Grammar-Translation
Direct
Audio-Lingual
79
Reya is struggling in history despite high marks at another school, where classes were in her native language. Why?
Low intrinsic motivation
Lack of phonemic awareness
Poor cognate awareness
Lack of comprehensible input
80
Which best summarizes Noam Chomsky's notion of the poverty of stimulus?
Poverty is caused by a lack of literacy and learning in communities
Children in poverty struggle with emergent because of lack of exposure
Exposing children to literacy materials from birth gives more opportunities
Children's capacities for language cannot be explained by exposure alone
81
After reading a novel, Mrs. Gonzalez has students submit words for review. How is this an example of differentiation?
Mrs. Gonzalez is using those words in a vocabulary test
Mrs. Gonzalez is gathering data to see if the novel is accessible
Mrs. Gonzalez is collecting data to see if the novel is too difficult
Mrs. Gonzalez is gathering feedback to determine student achievement levels
82
Area of communicative competence that deals with being able to recognize and repair instances of communication breakdown
Strategic Competence
Sociolinguistic Competence
Linguistic Competence
Discourse Competence
83
Regional and social dialects are important points of study in
Syntax
Sociolinguistics
Interference
Pragmatics
84
In the ESL field, what does SIFE stand for?
Students with Interrupted Foreign English
Say It First in English
Students with Interrupted Formal Education
Students In Foreign Education
85
Which theory of development focuses on the idea that children acquire language through a series of efforts and rewards?
Social Development
Connectionist
Behaviorist
Cognitive Development
86
Which of the following is an appropriate assignment for a student in the silent period of language acquisition?
Complete a matching activity, pairing words with their illustrations
Read a poem aloud to the class
Write a research paper on a topic of interest
Listen to and translate a song into a target language
87
Why is Total Physical Response most useful when working with beginning language learners?
Because students are not required to speak
Because instructions are modeled for students
Because commands are repeated frequently
Because students must follow commands
88
The connectionist theory of language development evolved in response to the work of which studied theorist?
Noam Chomsky
B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Stephen Krashen
89
Which of the following activities would be considered a metacognitive learning activity?
Students write down an evaluation of their role in a group project
Students create illustrations of their vocabulary words
Students keep a log of book titles they have read
Students take notes on a slide show presentation and review them for a test
90
Many Spanish students say "Is cold today" or "Is tall now". What could explain this interference?
Using gerunds in Spanish
Droped pronouns in Spanish
Prepositions in Spanish
Spanish not having noncount nouns
91
Which describes the WIDA Consortium?
It provides a series of ELL assessments
It aligns its goals to ELL proficiency standards
It supplies standardized English learner materials
It identifies standards for student achievement
92
Mr. Cole wants to assign his speech emergent students a descriptive writing task. Which would be most appropriate?
Research your favorite animal. What did you discover?
Recall the last lab you completed in science. What were the steps?
Imagine you are a superhero What is your power?
Think about the best day of your life. What happened that day?
93
Klaus took English lessons when he was 17. He reached intermediate level, but no more. What problem may he have?
Poverty of Stimulus
Cognate Awareness
Interlanguage
Fossilization
94
According to the direct method of instruction how will students learn the grammatical rules of new languages?
By writing personal stories and essays
By playing speaking and listening games
By reading various works in class
By receiving direct instruction
95
A game of Simon says would best aid what kind of learner in gaining new vocabulary?
Visual
Kinesthetic
Analytic
Tactile
96
Which of the following is an example of cooperative planning between a content area teacher and an ESOL teacher?
Content teachers follows plans made by ESOL teacher
Content teacher writes lesson plans and ESOL teacher serves as aide
ESOL and content area teacher create lesson plans together
ESOL teacher pulls students into separate room to teach content
97
Children have more success at acquiring new languages because their brains have not yet undergone
Affirmative Domain
Communicative Competence
Lateralization
Realia
98
What is the purpose of clearly written language objectives for ESOL students?
Identify what students are supposed to learn throughout a given time period
Identify what students should be able to do at the end of a lesson
Describe how students will achieve mastery of materials in a subject area
Tell how ESOL students will demonstrate their mastery in a lesson
99
Which is one way teachers can eliminate assessment bias when determining the academic abilities of English learners?
Use of state mandated progress monitoring
Use a variety of assessment types
Apply performance based methods
Apply standardized methods of assessment
100
Which of Stephen Krashen's hypotheses states the sequence of language acquisition does not rely on grammatical features?
Input Hypothesis
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
Natural Order Hypothesis
Monitor Hypothesis

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