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PSYC 2301 test 2 review Flashcards | StudBud
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PSYC 2301 test 2 review
PSYC 2301 test 2 review
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1
One obstacle to problem is
functional fixedness
:
failing to solve problems as result of fixation on a things unusul function
persist in using post problem patters
search for evidence that fits beliefs&ignoring evidence not fitting beliefs
2
Long term memory:
where you hold info while youre using it
relatively permanent with unlimited capacity
3
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence (9 parts, only list 5):
musical, visual, verbal, logical, movement
positive, negative, neutral, natural, common
covergant, insurgent, asurgent, tisurgent, lasurgent
4
What is the 2nd step in problem solving?
develop good problem solving strategies
find and frame problem
evaluate solutions
redefine problems and solutions over time
5
Intelligence:
ability to well on cognitive tasks,problem solve, learn from life expirence
possesing a high iq
6
Operant Conditioning:
rewarding good behavior with some sort of stimulus the child loves
consequences of a behavior change the chances of that behavior reoccuring
give out rewards for negative behavior
7
Memory encoding:
pulling information from storage
holding onto encoded information
conducting environmental & mental stimuli into memorable brain codes.
8
Analytical=
analyze, judge, evaluate, compare
create, design, invent, originate, imagine
"street smarts", use, apply implements, put ideas into play
9
Creative=
analyze, judge, evaluate, compare
"street smarts", use, apply implements, put ideas into play
create, design, invent, originate, imagine
10
part of the serial position effect,
Primary Effect
. Define it.
remember things at the beginning of a list
remember things at the end of a list
remember things in the middle of a list
tendency to recall items at the begining&end of a list more than the middle
11
Recall:
recalling previous information/ ex: essay question
having to tie info & memories together to remember/ex: multiple choice test
12
Divided attention:
concentrating on 7 things at a time
concentrating on 3 things at a time
concentrating on 4 things or less at a time
concentrating on 1 or more thing at a time
13
Memory:
processing events
concentrating on 1 thing at a time
retention of info or experience overtime as results of 3 major key proceses
14
Positive punishment:
giving them something they do NOT like (spanking)
take away something they like (video games)
15
Learning:
make a response less likley to happen
relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience
concentrating on one or more thing at a time
continuum of memory processing
16
What is the 4th step in problem solving?
evaluate solutions
find and frame problem
develop good problem solving strategies
redefine problems and solutions over time
17
Recognition:
recalling previous information/ ex: essay question
having to tie info & memories together to remember/ex: multiple choice test
18
Retroactive Interference:
new info blocks old info
old info blocks new info
19
What name is associated with Classical Conditioning?
McCoy
Haplen
Pavlov
Eienstien
20
Reinforcement:
any consequence that makes a response more likley to happen
any consequence that makes the behavior never reoccur
21
Explicit memory:
how? (procedural=muscle memory)
who? what? when? where? why? (episodic= personal memories)
22
Practical=
"street smarts", use, apply implements, put ideas into play
create, design, invent, originate, imagine
analyze, judge, evaluate, compare
23
Negative Reinforcement:
rewarding stimulus is added/ ex: give a treat for good behavior
removing something bad/ ex: take away something they hate like doing dishes
24
Language:
all purpose ability to do well on cognitive test
form of communication based off a system of symbols
25
Secondary scheduled reinforcement:
innately satisfying (food,water,touch)
becomes satisfying through experience (money)
26
Criteria for someone being gifted:
possessing low IQ (70- below), adaptive behavior below level for their age
possessing a high IQ (130 or more),having superior talent in a certain area
27
One part of Classical Conditioning
Spontaneous Recovery
, Define it.
CR occurs after a time of delay & without additional learning
CR is weakened by presenting CS without UCS.
28
Short term/working memory:
relatively permanent with unlimited capacity
where you hold info while youre using it
29
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence has three parts, what are they?
positive, neutral, negative
analytical, creative, practical
30
What is the 3rd step in problem solving?
find and frame problem
develop good problem solving strategies
evaluate solutions
redefine problems and solutions over time
31
Representative heuristics:
short cut to problem solving
stereotype thinking
32
Positive reinforcement:
removing something bad/ ex: take away something they hate like doing dishes
rewarding stimulus is added/ ex: give a treat for good behavior
33
One obstacle to problem is
mental set
:
search for evidence that fits beliefs&ignoring evidence not fitting beliefs
persist in using post problem patters
failing to solve problems as result of fixation on a things unusul function
34
What are the 2 schedules of reinforcement?
learned/learning
positive/negative
primary/secodary
first/third
35
Implicit memory:
how? (procedural=muscle memory)
who? what? when? where? why? (episodic= personal memories)
36
What is the 1st step in problem solving?
redefine problems and solutions over time
develop good problem solving strategies
find and frame problem
evaluate solutions
37
One obstacle to problem is
confirmation bias
:
search for evidence that fits beliefs&ignoring evidence not fitting beliefs
persist in using post problem patters
failing to solve problems as result of fixation on a things unusul function
38
Amnesia:
inability to store new info and events (50 first dates)
memory loss
inability to retrieve past info and events (overboard)
39
Hindsight bias:
predicting future situations
ability to create
look back over a situation and think you could have predicted the outcome
40
Retrograde:
inability to store new info and events (50 first dates)
inability to retrieve past info and events (overboard)
memory loss
41
Formal concept:
defied by specific rules and features (know what makes a dog a dog)
instances of a concept are understood, stored as a variation of a prototype
form a result of a real world experience /dolphins look like fish but arent
42
Heuristics:
stereotype thinking
short cut to problem solving
43
Prototype concept:
defied by specific rules and features (know what makes a dog a dog)
instances of a concept are understood, stored as a variation of a prototype
form a result of a real world experience /dolphins look like fish but arent
44
Learned helplessness:
an organism learning when to ask for help
an organism learns when it is no longer hungry
an organism learns it has no control over negative outcomes
an organism learning it can bark
45
anyone who is late run up and down the bleachers. Sara was always careful to arrive on time.
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
46
Serial position effect:
relatively permanent with unlimited capacity
detailed info in original sensory form
remember things at the top
tendency to recall items at the begining&end of a list more than the middle
47
Neutral Stimulus=NS
drool
natural
no response (bell with no reaction)
bell
48
One part of Classical Conditioning is
Extinction
, define it.
CR is weakened by presenting CS without UCS.
CR occurs after a time of delay & without additional learning
49
Flashbulb Memories:
memories about your dream
memories about what food you ate yesterday
memories for emotionally significant events
50
Storage:
holding onto encoded information
conducting environmental & mental stimuli into memorable brain codes.
pulling information from storage
51
Proactive Interference:
old info blocks new info
new info blocks old info
52
Conditioned Response= CR
bell
food
drool
53
Natural concept:
defied by specific rules and features (know what makes a dog a dog)
instances of a concept are understood, stored as a variation of a prototype
form a result of a real world experience /dolphins look like fish but arent
54
Primary scheduled reinforcement:
innately satisfying (food,water,touch)
becomes satisfying through experience (money)
55
Anterograde:
inability to retrieve past info and events (overboard)
memory loss
inability to store new info and events (50 first dates)
56
Adam vividly remembers when he had to go to the emergency room for stitches. This is an example of what type of info?
episodic
sensory
57
What are the 4 primary processes involved in observational learning?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quandary
attention, retention, motor reproduction, reinforcement
retention, encoding, storage, retrieval
58
Retrieval:
conducting environmental & mental stimuli into memorable brain codes.
pulling information from storage
holding onto encoded information
59
U
n
c
onditioned
S
timulus=
UCS
no response (bell with no reaction)
drool
natural response (food)
60
Echoic memory:
brief memories from what youve seen (visual)
detailed info in original sensory form/ very brief duration
brief memories from what youve heard (auditory)
61
Criteria for someone being intellectual disability:
possessing low IQ (70- below), adaptive behavior below level for their age
possessing a high IQ (130 or more),having superior talent in a certain area
62
Which number best represents the number of separate items that can be held in the short-term memory?
6
4
8
7
63
Punishment:
control of negative outcome
make a response less likely to happen
64
Convergent thinking:
all lines of problem solving lead to one answer.
from one point to many ideas to one answers
65
continuum of memory processing from shallow with intermediate to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory
Classical Conditioning
Divided Attention
Levels-of-Processing model of memory
Learned Helplessness
66
Divergent thinking:
from one point to many ideas to one answers
all lines of problem solving lead to one answer.
67
Children are given fun coupons at the end of week if they are good in school. Since started, children are acting better.
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
68
Validity:
is test performance consistent?
does this test measure what it purports to measure
69
part of the serial position effect,
Recency Effect
. Define it.
remember things in the middle of a list
remember things at the end of a list
tendency to recall items at the begining&end of a list more than the middle
remember things at the beginning of a list
70
Reliability:
does this test measure what it purports to measure
is test performance consistent?
71
Negative punishment:
giving them something they do NOT like (spanking)
taking away something they like (video games)
72
Uncontrolled Response =UCR
drool
bell
no response (bell with no reaction)
food
73
Iconic memory:
detailed info in original sensory form/ very brief duration
brief memories from what youve seen (visual)
brief memories from what youve heard (auditory)
74
Jeff is able to ride a bicycle although he hasn't ridden for a few years, thanks to his:
sematic memory
episodic memory
75
Condtioned Stimulus= CS
food
no response (bell with no reaction)
bell
drool
76
Sensory memory:
detailed info in original sensory form/ very brief duration
brief memories from what youve seen (visual)
brief memories from what youve heard (auditory)
77
Creativity:
ability to think about something in a novel and unusual way
looking back at a situation thinking you can change the outcome