WC 2024 Fall Final Exam Review

The Crusades left a bitter legacy of religious hatred.

The roots of Democracy can be traced back to the city of Sparta.

Which of the following statements about Roman society is true?

"Augustus" (i.e. "exalted one") was a title given to Constantine for granting Christians relief from Roman persecution.

Roman philosophy that stressed the importance of duty and acceptance of one's fate:

One could say that Feudalism was responsible for the reemergence of culture and civilized life in Western Europe.

A massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers:

Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars.

Sophists were philosophers who:

An alliance is a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense.

Charlemagne was a tireless reformer who tried to improve people's lives. He:

"Carolingian Renaissance": period under Charlemagne’s reign marked by advances in learning and government efficiency.

Greek art has been praised as superior to previous art, but critics still point to the fact that Greek art:

The Viking invasions during the High Middle Ages caused people to start living together again for defensive purposes.

The Notre Dame of Paris cathedral is a major example of Gothic architecture.

The Eastern Roman Empire was known as the Byzantine Empire and had its capital in Constantinople.

Homer: Greek poet famous for epic works that serve as major sources for the study of Ancient Greece. One of his works:

About 450 BCE, the Romans codified their laws and inscribed them on twelve bronze tables set up in the Roman Forum.

Greek philosophy used observation and reason to discover the causes for events.

One of the main reasons why Constantinople survived for so long:​​​​​

Series of “holy wars” from 1096 to 1215 CE, fought over control of Byzantium and the Holy Land.

Hubris, as portrayed in The Iliad is a "god-like pride." It was viewed as the greatest of all sins by the Greeks.

They took vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity:

Many Jews in the first century CE were expecting a messiah (or priestly king who would liberate the people)

Athens experienced a golden age from 460 to 429 BCE that included Direct Democracy.

The Western Roman Empire fell in the year 476 CE.

Fief: what the lord granted his vassal in exchange for his loyalty. It could be land, money, or other kind of benefit.

He was called the "Father of History."

Europe declined during the Early Middle Ages for reasons such as the unifying force of the Roman Empire was gone.

In Ancient Rome, a dictator could be elected for a term of six months.

Rome’s commitment to law is a legacy still followed in the modern United States.

The Greeks were the thinkers in the ancient world and their ideas shape every facet of life in the West today.

The oldest European university is the University of Bologna, Italy, which was founded in 1088 CE.

A loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords:

The main factors that influenced the development of Greek city-states were:

The regions Alexander the Great conquered were called the:

This event marks the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages:

What is the basic plot of The Aeneid?

Serfs were similar to slaves except that they were paid a small wage and they were not owned by anyone.

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote his Canterbury Tales in the vernacular language.

What was one of the steps Athens took to consolidate power after the Persian Wars?

Which of the following statements is true about Jesus of Nazareth?

The ancient Romans developed their religious beliefs from:

The narrow passage where 300 Spartans fought the Persians:

He was Plato’s most famous student, who wrote about politics, ethics, logic, and more.

In Ancient Greece, a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial was called the:

​Virgil wrote the epic poem The Aeneid.

The Roman emperor Diocletian tried to restore order to the empire by (among other things) dividing it into two parts.

The Peloponnesian League was formed in opposition to the highly militaristic culture of Sparta.

There were basically three classes in medieval society, in this order:

Monotheism is the belief that there is only one god, or that only one god should be worshipped.

One of the major tools Church officials had to rule over Europeans during the Early Middle Ages:

The rule by a hereditary landholding elite:

"Medieval" is a term used to refer to the culture of the Middle Ages.

Emperor Diocletian is known for having made the greatest contribution making Christianity a world religion.

Civilization resulting from the blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions.

The authority of the pope over all rulers (including kings) in matters of religion is called papal supremacy.

Western Civilization usually believes in one god, freedom, civil rights, democracy, separation of church and state.

Acropolis was the section of an ancient Greek city at a higher elevation with great marble temples dedicated to deities.

One of the guiding principles of the Roman Republic was that people should have a voice in government.

The spread of the Black Death followed mainly the:

Alexander the Great spread Greek culture as the conquered people assimilated Greek ideas.

Ammianus Marcellinus blames this savage Asian tribe as one of the reasons for the demise of the Romans:

The period from 27 BCE to 180 CE was one of relative stability in the Roman Empire and known as:

What important change did the Roman emperor Constantine make in 313 CE?

The Romans used their engineering skills to build:

This statesman led Athens during its Golden Age:

Romans generally treated most conquered peoples with relative tolerance.

The decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to military, political, economic and social factors.

Code of Chivalry was a code of conduct adopted by knights that required them to be brave, loyal, and true to their word.

Julius Caesar instituted many reforms, such as creating public works jobs for the unemployed.

The Pax Romana is considered by some to have ended in 180 CE with the death of this emperor:

Plato wrote an important work called The Republic. He was a student of Socrates and influenced Aristotle.

Conflict that took place around 1250 BCE and inspired a couple of epic poems by Homer.

Pythagoras: Greek philosopher who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle.

Christian bishops were given large territories (dioceses), while priests were given smaller jurisdictions (parishes).

Charlemagne restored much of the unity of the old Roman Empire and paved the way for the development of modern Europe.

In the Early Roman Republic, members of the landholding upperclass were called:

During the Pax Romana, Roman legions protected and maintained roads.

Thebes was the location of a vast palace of the Minoan rulers.

Despite divisions among city-states, Greeks shared a common culture in which they:

Considered the king of the Roman gods:

Ostracism was a process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of several years.

Huge farming estates bought up by wealthy families:

A plebeian was:

Medieval European school of thought that attempted to bring Faith and Reason together.

This important individual was burned alive and then later made a Catholic saint.

The Western Roman Empire, where Rome was located, was the richest and most stable region of the Roman Empire.

This word means "lover of wisdom"

The longbow allowed the English to have early success against the French in their conflict during the Hundred Years War.

The Greeks changed their type of gov​​​​​​​​ernment, moving from:

Roman armies were key to Rome’s success and made up of citizen soldiers.

The decline and fall of the Roman Empire happened quickly and swiftly as invading armies overran Roman legions overnight

The ability of Roman tribunes to block a law they found harmful to plebeians.

Minoans and Mycenaeans were active and dominant in the Mediterranean before the appearance of Greek civilization.

After the fall of Rome, the Roman Empire lived on for another thousand years mainly in the East as the Byzantine Empire.

Two of the major challenges posed to Christian Europeans were the rise of Islam and the Viking invasions.

Emperor Justinian I compiled a legal code that became a model for European rulers for their own legal systems.

What factors influenced the failure of medieval economies during the Late Middle Ages as a result of the Black Death?

Women in Athens could not participate in government