Which of the following is not an emergent property of water?

Water has a high specific gravity.

Why is photosynthesis essential for life on Earth?

It produces organic compounds and O2 from CO2 and H2O.

What is the free-energy change of a reaction?

It tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously

What is the role of organic chemistry in the origin of life?

It is key to the origin of life.

A source of energy for cellular processes.

What is crossing over?

The process of exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex.

The transformation of matter and energy.

What do chemical reactions do?

They make and break chemical bonds.

What are cellular membranes?

Fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins.

What is the Calvin cycle?

The process of reducing CO2 to sugar.

What is the role of genomics and proteomics?

They transform biological inquiry and applications.

What is the genetic code?

Nucleotide triplets that specify amino acids.

What is nondisjunction?

The process of producing abnormal chromosome numbers.

What is the result of meiosis?

The number of chromosomes sets is reduced from diploid to haploid.

Which of the following statements is true?

Science benefits from a cooperative approach.

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

The process of coupling electron transport to ATP synthesis.

What is signal reception?

A signaling molecule binds to a receptor, causing it to change shape.

What is the function of peroxisomes?

To act as oxidative organelles.

What are chloroplasts?

The sites of photosynthesis in plants.

What is passive transport?

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment.

What is genetic variation?

result of sexual life cycles producing genetic variation among offspring.

What is allosteric regulation?

The regulation of enzyme activity.

The process of dividing the cytoplasm.

What is a chromosome?

A DNA molecule packed together with proteins.

What is a nucleotide-pair substitution?

The replacement of a nucleotide and its partner with another pair

What is the cytoskeleton?

A network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.

What is a sex-linked gene?

A gene located on either sex chromosome.

What is the result of most cell division?

Genetically identical daughter cells.

What are the three stages of cell signaling?

Reception, transduction, and response

What is the active site of an enzyme?

The site where the enzyme’s catalytic center is located.

What is active transport?

Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients.

What does the pH scale measure?

The H+ concentration of a solution.

What do catabolic pathways yield?

Energy by oxidizing organic fuels.

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Princ of Bio Final Exam Review

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1
Which of the following is not an emergent property of water?
Water has a high specific gravity.
Organisms depend on the cohesion of water molecules.
Water moderates temperatures on Earth.
Water is the solvent of life.
2
Why is photosynthesis essential for life on Earth?
It produces organic compounds and O2 from CO2 and H2O.
It produces inorganic compounds and O2 from CO2 and H2O.
It produces inorganic compounds and CO2 from O2 and H2O.
It produces organic compounds and CO2 from O2 and H2O.
3
What is the free-energy change of a reaction?
It tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously
It tells us the temperature of the reaction.
It tells us the rate of the reaction.
It tells us the pH of the reaction.
4
What is the role of organic chemistry in the origin of life?
It is a minor contributor to the origin of life.
It is not related to the origin of life
It is key to the origin of life.
None of the above.
5
What is apoptosis?
A process that plays an important role in embryonic development.
All of the above.
A process that requires integration of multiple cell-signaling pathways.
A process that is important in vertebrate development and maintenance.
6
What is ATP?
A type of carbon atom.
A type of chemical bond.
A source of energy for cellular processes.
A type of chemical group.
7
What is crossing over?
The process of increasing # of chromosomes sets from haploid to diploid.
The process of reducing number of chromosomes sets from diploid to haploid.
None of the above.
The process of exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
8
What do cell biologists use to study cells?
Microscopes and biochemistry.
Telescopes and geology.
Microscopes and geology
Telescopes and biochemistry
9
What regulates the eukaryotic cell cycle?
A molecular control system.
None of the above.
A molecular signaling system.
A molecular transport system.
10
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are larger and more complex.
Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex.
Eukaryotic cells are smaller and less complex.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and less complex.
11
What is metabolism?
The study of enzymes.
The study of metabolic pathways.
The transformation of matter and energy.
The study of chemical reactions.
12
What do chemical reactions do?
They make and break chemical bonds.
They change the mass of an element.
They create new chemical elements.
They change the proton count of an element.
13
What are cellular membranes?
Solid mosaics of lipids and proteins
Solid mosaics of carbohydrates and proteins.
Fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins.
Fluid mosaics of carbohydrates and proteins.
14
What do extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate?
Metabolic functions.
Protein traffic.
Cellular activities.
Membrane manufacture.
15
What is the Calvin cycle?
The process of reducing CO2 to sugar.
The process of oxidizing CO2 to sugar.
The process of reducing sugar to CO2.
The process of oxidizing sugar to CO2.
16
What is the role of genomics and proteomics?
None of the above.
They are major components of cell membranes.
They store, transmit, and help express hereditary information.
They transform biological inquiry and applications.
17
What is the genetic code?
Amino acids that specify nucleotide triplets.
Nucleotide triplets that specify proteins.
Nucleotide triplets that specify amino acids.
None of the above.
18
What is nondisjunction?
The process of producing abnormal chromosome numbers.
The process of producing abnormal gene numbers.
The process of producing normal gene numbers.
The process of producing normal chromosome numbers.
19
What is the result of DNA replication?
New complementary strands.
None of the above.
New complementary and identical strands.
New identical strands.
20
What is the result of meiosis?
The number of chromosomes sets remains the same.
None of the above.
The number of chromosomes sets is reduced from diploid to haploid.
The number of chromosomes sets is increased from haploid to diploid.
21
What influences the chemical behavior of an atom?
Its electron configuration.
Its proton count.
Its neutron count.
Its mass.
22
Which of the following statements is true?
Science benefits from a cooperative approach.
Diverse viewpoints have no value in science.
Science and technology are not functions of society
23
What is the result of membrane structure?
Selective permeability.
None of the above.
full permeability
No permeability.
24
What is the result of translation?
A polypeptide
RNA
DNA
None of the above.
25
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The process of coupling electron transport to energy release.
The process of coupling electron transport to ATP synthesis.
The process of coupling electron transport to organic fuel synthesis.
The process of coupling electron transport to organic fuel oxidation.
26
What is signal reception?
A signaling molecule binds to a receptor, causing it to change color.
A signaling molecule binds to a receptor, causing it to change size.
A signaling molecule binds to a receptor, causing it to change shape.
A signaling molecule binds to a receptor, causing it to change texture.
27
What is the function of peroxisomes?
To change energy from one form to another.
To convert chemical energy within eukaryotic cells.
To act as oxidative organelles.
To capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy.
28
Which of the following statements is true?
Weak chemical bonds play no role in the chemistry of life.
A molecule’s biological function is not related to its shape.
None of the above.
The function of ions do not depend on chemical bonding between atoms.
29
What are chloroplasts?
The sites of photosynthesis in animals.
The sites of photosynthesis in plants.
The sites of respiration in plants.
The sites of respiration in animals.
30
What is passive transport?
Active transport of a substance across a membrane.
Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with energy investment.
Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment.
None of the above.
31
What is the function of ribosomes?
To act as protein factories.
To perform metabolic functions.
To house genetic instructions.
To manufacture membranes.
32
What is DNA?
A genetic material.
A lipid.
A protein.
A carbohydrate.
33
What is genetic variation?
None of the above.
result of asexual life cycles producing genetic variation among offspring.
result of sexual life cycles producing genetic variation among offspring.
Result of meiosis reducing # of chromosomes sets from diploid to haploid.
34
What is allosteric regulation?
The study of metabolic pathways.
The study of chemical reactions.
The regulation of enzyme activity.
The localization of enzymes within a cell.
35
How does bulk transport occur across the plasma membrane?
By diffusion.
By exocytosis and endocytosis.
By osmosis.
By passive transport.
36
What is cytokinesis?
None of the above
The process of regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle.
The process of distributing chromosomes to daughter cells.
The process of dividing the cytoplasm.
37
What is a chromosome?
A DNA molecule packed together with proteins.
A carbohydrate.
A protein.
A lipid.
38
What is a nucleotide-pair substitution?
The addition of one nucleotide and its partner to a gene.
The loss of one nucleotide and its partner from a gene.
None of the above.
The replacement of a nucleotide and its partner with another pair
39
What is the cytoskeleton?
A network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.
A protein factory.
A shipping and receiving center for cell products.
A digestive compartment.
40
What is a cell?
A digestive compartment.
A protein factory.
The sum of its parts.
A network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.
41
What is a sex-linked gene?
A gene located on neither sex chromosome.
A gene located on a non-sex chromosome.
A gene located on both sex chromosomes.
A gene located on either sex chromosome.
42
How many chemical elements are essential for life?
10
50
25
100
43
What is the result of most cell division?
Genetically different daughter cells.
Genetically different parent cells.
Genetically identical daughter cells.
Genetically identical parent cells.
44
What are the three stages of cell signaling?
Transduction, transcription, and response.
Transduction, translation, and response.
Reception, transcription, and response.
Reception, transduction, and response
45
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The site where the enzyme’s catalytic center is located.
The site where the enzyme is stored.
The site where the enzyme is produced.
The site where the enzyme is destroyed.
46
What is active transport?
Uses energy to move solutes with their gradients.
None of the above.
Uses energy to move solutes against their gradients.
Uses no energy to move solutes against their gradients.
47
What does the pH scale measure?
The concentration of sugar in a solution.
The H+ concentration of a solution.
The OH- concentration of a solution.
The concentration of salt in a solution.
48
What do catabolic pathways yield?
Organic fuels by reducing energy.
Energy by oxidizing organic fuels.
Organic fuels by oxidizing energy.
Energy by reducing organic fuels.
49
What is the role of lipids?
All of the above.
They store large amounts of energy
They are major components of cell membranes.
They serve as fuel and building material.
50
What is the core theme of biology?
All the above
New properties emerge at successive levels of biological organization.
Life’s process involve expression and transmission of genetic information.
Life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matter.
51
What are proteins?
None of the above.
Small molecules built from macromolecules.
Polymers built from monomers
Monomers built from polymers.
52
What is the result of transcription?
RNA
None of the above.
DNA
Protein
53
What is photosynthesis?
The conversion of light energy to the chemical energy of food.
The conversion of chemical energy to the light energy of food.
The conversion of light energy to the chemical energy of water.
The conversion of chemical energy to the light energy of water.
54
What is the result of polar covalent bonds in water molecules?
Hydrogen bonding.
Ionic bonding.
None of the above.
Covalent bonding.
55
How many atoms can carbon bond with?
Five other atoms.
Three other atoms.
Two other atoms.
Four other atoms.
56
What is the physical basis of Mendelian inheritance?
The behavior of genes.
The behavior of proteins.
The behavior of chromosomes.
The behavior of cells.
57
What is evolutionary adaptation?
The result of a population’s genetic similarity.
The result of a population’s genetic variation.
The result of a population’s genetic mutation.
None of the above.
58
What is the citric acid cycle?
The process of oxidizing pyruvate to glucose.
The process of oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.
The process of reducing glucose to pyruvate.
The process of completing energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules.
59
What is glycolysis?
The process of reducing glucose to pyruvate.
The process of reducing pyruvate to glucose.
The process of oxidizing pyruvate to glucose.
The process of oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.
60
Which of the following is not a type of logic built into hypothesis-based science?
Abduction
Deduction
Induction
None of the above.
61
What is the role of carbohydrates?
None of the above.
They store large amounts of energy.
They are major components of cell membranes.
They serve as fuel and building material.
62
What is the result of fermentation and anaerobic respiration?
Production of ATP with the use of oxygen.
Production of ATP without the use of oxygen.
Production of oxygen without the use of ATP.
Production of ATP without the use of organic fuels.
63
What is the result of redox reactions?
Release of energy when electrons move away from electronegative atoms.
Absorption of energy when electrons move away from electronegative atoms.
Release of energy when electrons move closer to electronegative atoms.
Absorption of energy when electrons move closer to electronegative atoms.
64
What is the function of lysosomes?
To regulate protein traffic.
To act as digestive compartments.
To capture light energy.
To manufacture membranes.

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