Milady Cosmetology (13th Edition) Chapter 12 Basics of Chemistry

Question 1

A chemical combination of matter in definate (fixed) proportions

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pure substance

Question 2

Solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral)

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alkaline solution

Question 3

Substance that releases oxygen

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oxidizing agent

Question 4

An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

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glycolic acid

Question 5

Abbeviation used for potential hydrogen, pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

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pH

Question 6

The substance that dissolves the solute to make a solution

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solvent

Question 7

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

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alkanolamines

Question 8

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

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suspensions

Question 9

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

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solute

Question 10

An ion with a positive electrical charge

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cation

Question 11

Characteristics that can be determined w/o a chemical reaction and don't cause chemical change

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physical properties

Question 12

Characteristics that are determined by a chemical reaction and chemical change in the substance

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chemical properties

Question 13

Subatomic particles with a positive charge

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protons

Question 14

Oil droplets emulsified in water; Abbrev. O/W

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oil-in-water emulsion

Question 15

Structures that make up the element and they have the same properties of the element

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atoms

Question 16

Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets are emulsified in oil

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water-in-oil-emulsion

Question 17

A change in the chemical compostition or make-up of a substance

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chemical change

Question 18

Chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements in definate (fixed) proportions

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compound molecules

Question 19

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

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glycerin

Question 20

Chemical matter cannot be broken down into a simpler substance w/o a loss of identity

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element

Question 21

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definate (fixed) proportions

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molecule

Question 22

A physical combination of a matter in any proportions

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physical mixture

Question 23

Change in form or physical properties of a substance w/o a chemical reaction

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physical change

Question 24

Molecule containing 2 or more atoms of the same element in definate (fixed) proportions

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elemental molecule

Question 25

The study of substance thst do not contain the element carbon, but may contain hydrogen

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inorganic chemistry

Question 26

A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify

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surfactants

Question 27

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

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combustion

Question 28

Chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

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oxidation

Question 29

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin. Abr. AHA's

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alpha hydroxy acids

Question 30

Multiples of 10

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logarithm

Question 31

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

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ion

Question 32

Alcohols that evaporate easily

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volatile alcohols

Question 33

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

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matter

Question 34

Having an affinity for an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

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lipophilic

Question 35

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

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immiscible

Question 36

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

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organic chemistry

Question 37

A stable physical mixture of 2 or more substances

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solution

Question 38

Measures of acidity & alkalinity of a substance pH scale has a range of 0-14 w/ 7 being neutral

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pH scale

Question 39

Liquids that are mutually soluble, they can be mixxed together to for stable solutions

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miscible

Question 40

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

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reducing agent

Question 41

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

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electrons

Question 42

Compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile)

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volatile organic compounds

Question 43

An ion with a negative electrical charge

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anion

Question 44

Colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in perm solutions

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thioglycolic acid

Question 45

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

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alkalis

Question 46

The three different physical forms of matter; solid, liquid and gas

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states of matter

Question 47

Brings 2 normally incompatible materials together & binds them into an even fairly stable blend

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emulsifier

Question 48

Subatomic particles with no charge

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neutrons

Question 49

Solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral)

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acidic solution

Question 50

The oxidizing agent is reduced(losing oxygen)& the reducing agent is oxidized (gaining oxygen)

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oxidation-reduction

Question 51

Science that deals with the compositions, structures, and properties of matter.

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chemistry

Question 52

Seperation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

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ionization

Question 53

Type of oil in hair conditioners, water resistant lubricants for the skin, and polish dryers

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silicones

Question 54

Colorless gas with a pungent odor thats composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

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ammonia

Question 55

Chemical reactions that release a significate amount of heat

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exothermic reactions

Question 56

Unstable physical mixture to 2 or more immiscible substances + a special ingredient, emulsifier

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emulsion

Milady Cosmetology (13th Edition) Chapter 12 Basics of Chemistry

Questions 56

Milady Cosmetology (13th Edition) Chapter 12 Basics of Chemistry

Questions 56