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AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Questions Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Questions
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Questions
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
2
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
conventional
preconventional
concrete
3
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a projective test
4
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
5
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
procedural
crystallized
6
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
attributionism
individualism
collectivism
7
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
8
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
9
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
semantic network
chunk
schema
10
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
correlation coefficients
percentiles
standard deviation
11
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
temporal lobe
12
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
syntax
13
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
perception
14
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
fear
happiness
sadness
15
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
16
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
17
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
18
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
19
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
car-nose
tree-bird
fill-feed
20
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
endocrine system
limbic system
21
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
an obsession
a phobia
a compulsion
22
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
23
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
reversibility
egocentrism
conservation
24
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
thalamus
pituitary
thyroid
25
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
brightness
color
saturation
26
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
27
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
28
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender differences
gender behaviors
29
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
behavioral quality
temperament
30
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
31
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
32
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 4
REM
stage 1
33
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
34
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
35
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
print letters
36
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
37
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
38
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
39
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scales
test scores
40
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
41
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
42
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
43
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
William James
G. Stanley Hall
44
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
reiteration
recognition
45
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
46
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
endorphin
serotonin
acetylcholine
47
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
48
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
loudness
timbre
pitch
49
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
50
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
lens
vitreous humor
cornea
51
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
medulla
occipital cortex
52
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
attention
processing
53
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
54
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
55
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
56
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
salivation
food/meat powder
57
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in agreeableness
58
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the control group
the correlational group
the observational group
59
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
60
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
latency
oral
61
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
prejudices
stereotypes
attributions
62
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
neurotransmitters
63
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
64
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a sedative
a narcotic
65
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
66
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
conformity
deindividuation
group polarization
67
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
68
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
69
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
70
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
71
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
schematizing
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
72
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
73
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
74
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
75
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
beta
gamma
76
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
teratogens
77
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
78
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
79
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
80
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
psychological tests
questionnaires
physiological recordings
81
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
82
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
amount of time awake
cultural practices
83
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
thalamus
corpus callosum
pineal gland
84
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
85
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
a headache
been dreaming
86
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
predictability
87
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
88
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
construct
absolute
content
89
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
lesioning
90
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
91
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
92
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
93
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
selection
94
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
95
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
intermediate-term
sensory
long-term
96
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
physiological stability
97
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
98
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
mechanical
99
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
fixation
compensation
regression
100
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
observational learning
101
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
closure
similiarity
symmetry
102
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
103
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
conflict
change
pressure
104
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
105
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
106
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
107
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
marital problems
108
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
109
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
a personality test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
110
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
111
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
112
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
113
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
memory
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
114
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
introspection
115
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
116
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
rat
loud noise
fear reaction
117
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
conformity
cognitive dissonance
obedience
118
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
119
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
abstract operations
logical reasoning
120
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
121
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
modeled
ablated
encoded
122
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
medulla
123
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
smell buds
sciatic receptors
124
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
125
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
IQ
a potential score
mental age
126
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
127
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
128
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
129
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
130
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
131
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
creativity
reasoning
insight
132
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
133
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
functionalism
134
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
135
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
136
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
137
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
138
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
139
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
140
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
