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BIOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE Flashcards | StudBud
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BIOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE
What is asexual reproduction and its functions?
Why do cells need to divide?
BIOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE
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1
Why do cells need to divide?
idk
The cell membrane will shrink
information crisis could occur (DNA can't do its job)
DNA
2
What is asexual reproduction and its functions?
mitosis
single parent producing an offspring, for developing, maintaining,repairing
single parent producing an offspring, formation of gametes
when nondisjunction occurs and organisms are not genetically identical
3
What occurs in anaphase?
absolutely nothing
centromeres are pulled apart, individual chromosomes form
duplicated chromosomes condense, cell grows more
biology final
4
What is a pluripotent stem cell capable of forming into?
all of the cell types of the embryo
none of the cell types of the embryo
fingers
many of the cell types of the embryo
5
What happens during G2 phase?
organelles divide
wrong answer
same as M phase
more growth
6
What is cytokinesis?
cytokinesis doesn't occur
division of bacteria, wall forms around the bacteria
the division of the nucleus
the division of the cytoplasm, cell wall forms in plant cells
7
What becomes difficult when a cell grows too large?
exchange of materials
everything
transport of molecules
exchange and transport of materials
8
What occurs during prophase?
kinetochore disappears, centriole reappears, cell grows
genetics
cell prepares for anaphase and telophase
genetic material condenses, duplicated chromosomes visible, spindle forms
9
What is the difference between chromosome and a chromatin?
Chromosomes are condensed chromatid
Chromatin is condensed chromosomes
idk
Chromosomes are condensed chromatin
10
What is cell division?
division into two new daughter cells
meiosis
incorrect answer
mitosis
11
What occurs during metaphase?
centromeres of chromatin line up in middle
centromeres go away, nuclear envelope condenses
chromosomes line up in middle, cell grows into 4 cells with different DNA
dup.chromosomes line up at center, spindle fibers connect to the centromere
12
What occurs in telophase?
cytokinesis occurs
spindle breaks, chromosomes condense into chromatin
cells are made of organelles
nuclear envelope reforms, spindle breaks, new nucleolus becomes visible
13
What happens during S phase?
wrong answer
sythesis of DNA
more growth of cell
chromatids disappear
14
What is a spindle?
a device used for sewing
microtubule fibers which holds the spindle fibers
microtubule fibers that appear during anaphase
the fibers that hold together chromosomes and centromeres
15
4 phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle:
A1, B, A2, C
G1, S, G2, M
interphase
there are no phases
16
When do stem cells differentiate?
development of an organism, when an embryo is pluripotent
development of an organism
development of an organism when a cell begins its first phase of mitosis
development of an organism, when the zygote is totipotent
17
What is a chromosome vs. chromatid?
chromatid is a copy while a chromosome is a single chromatid
Chromatid is a centromere while chromosome is a copy
prokaryotic cell cycle
chromosome
18
What is differentiation?
the process by which cells become specialized
the process by which my math grade goes down
the process by which cells get different DNA
the process that causes a frameshift mutation
19
What is apoptosis?
programmed cell division
programmed cell death
programmed cell growth
the medical term for a headache
20
What are cyclins?
a protein that is found in mRNA
intracellular proteins that protect the cell
internal regulators of the timing of cytokinesis
internal regulators of the timing of the cell cycle
21
What is a blastocyst?
a parrot
a hollow ball of cells with only one cell inside, that cell is pluripotent
a hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside
a dense clump of cells
22
What gene regulates cell growth and division?
p10
p53
p52
all of them regulate cell division
23
What is binary fission?
cell division
mitosis
sexual reproduction where 2 genetically different cells are produced
asexual reproduction where 2 genetically identical cells are produced
24
Who can reproduce asexually?
Prokaryotes, eukaryotes (single celled), many multicellular organisms
Prokaryotes, eukaryotes, but no plants
no one
bacteria
25
What is sexual reproduction?
formation of gametes
the opposite of asexual reproduction
Fusion of 2 sex cells, one from each parent, genetically different
not sure
26
What occurs during G1 phase
cell shrinks
growth
nothing
division of chromosomes
27
Adult stem cells are...
totipotent... full ability to differentiate
stem cells
nonexistent
multipotent... very limited ability to differentiate
28
What occurs during M phase?
timosis
mitosis
miosis
meiosis
29
What occurs during prophase?
repeats M phase, DNA duplicates, cell divides
chromosomes become visible, centrioles to opp. sides, nuclear envelope gone
nothing- this isn't a stage
chromosomes split away
