What is central control?

Our ability to supress automatic responses

Srength of Asch's study?

This study is a paradigm for conformity

Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord, Recieve messages from sensory neurons

What did Crossley find about the side effects?

Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia, Atypical drugs caused more weight gain

What is one reason for psychology not being a science?

Much of the subject matter is not observable

What are ultradian rhythms?

A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours

Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?

Senses, limited, less than a second

What is meant by Free will?

Not all behaviour is determined

What is an inference?

Conclusions about non observed processes

The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted

Procedure points Jacobs (1887)

Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order

Snook suggested what about profiles?

They were little more than common sense

Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...

A child experiences high levels of male hormones

Pinnizotto found what?

In 192 cases profiling helped in 15

A sub group that cant express their anger normally

Repression is the act of...

Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind

A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus

Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?

Established links between language, brain and behaviour, They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis

studbud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology

610 termsStudBud Administration28 plays

#Psychology #A2Psychology

Flashcards610 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 610

Answers

1
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Schaffer and Emerson
Loftus and Palmer
Milgram lad
Bailey et al
2
What is central control?
Affects our ability to speak
Affects our ability to move
Our ability to supress automatic responses
None of the above
3
What is a Phenotype
Brain structure
Genetic makeup
Personality
Environmental factors
4
Humanism believes in...
Free will
Determinism
5
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
6
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
Stanford uni mock prison
set up to a shock generator
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
7
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
Doggos
future
world
Self
8
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
9
Srength of Asch's study?
Biased sample-ethnocentric
Very cost effective
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
10
Relay neurons
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
11
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
4
7
0
19
12
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
False
True
13
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Processor
Central executive
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop
14
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
Smashed and hit
smashed and bumped
Smashed and crashed
Smashed and contacted
15
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
The side effects were the same
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
There were no side effectives
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
16
What are hormones?
Chemical substances
Inherited genes
Non of these
receptors
17
What is operant conditioning
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
18
Sperry concluded what from his research?
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
All of the above
19
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
It uses scientific methods
Much of the subject matter is observable
It is falsifiable
Much of the subject matter is not observable
20
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
21
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
22
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
0.05
00.5
0.02
0.01
23
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Senses, limited, less than a second
24
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
False
True
25
What is meant by Free will?
Personal agency
All behaviour is determined
You are reduced to genes or the environment
Not all behaviour is determined
26
What is an inference?
Hypothesis
Conclusions on observed processes
Decisions
Conclusions about non observed processes
27
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
True
False
28
Procedural memory example?
Personal memories of events
Knowing the capital of England is London
Riding a bike
29
The Synapse is
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
Where the genetic material is contained
30
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
Ppts recalled digits in any order
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
31
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Deprivation
Privation
Separation anxiety
Proximity
32
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
2
3
1
0
33
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
None of the above
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
34
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were able to provide a lot of information
They were detailed
They were bad
They were little more than common sense
35
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
Men receive more oestrogen
Men produce less testosterone
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
36
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
20%
15%
13%
17%
37
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
True
False
38
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
39
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
Internal working model
Working internal model
Schemas
External cognitive model
40
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Hypothesis
Decisions
Inferences
Schemas
41
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Neither
Nurture
Both
Nature
42
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
Both physical and cognitive impairments
No change
Cognitive impairments
Physical impairments
43
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
False
True
44
Classification is not simplistic
True
False
45
Megargee found what?
A very angry group of individuals
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
A group that express anger easily
A group that are incapable of showing anger
46
Repression is the act of...
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
Displacing a memory
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
Denying an unpleasant memory
47
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
48
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Conformity to an authority figure
Obedience
Conformity
Conformity to social roles
49
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
Lil albert
lil pete
lil John
Lil Trevor
50
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
Raise ethical issues for consent
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
51
The biological approach supports
Nature
Nurture
52
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
53
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
They do not treat positive symptoms
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
They are time consuming
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
54
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
It depends on the amount of stress
They will implode
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
They will still develop the condtion
55
What Units is STM measured in?
Hours
Seconds
Minutes
Second and minutes
56
What did Kavanagh find?
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
57
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
True
False
58
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
No one would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
59
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
None of the above
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
60
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
True
False
61
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
True
False
62
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
True
False
63
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
To find where crime is more common
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
All of the above
64
What is a schema?
Ideas formed by others
Environmental factors
Mental or cognitive framework
Unshared opinions
65
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
True
False
66
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
True
False
67
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
11
24
110
80
68
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
16% failed to recover after 12 months
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
69
It is based on outdated theories of personality
False
True
70
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Non identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared apart
71
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
Excessive weight gain
A fatal blood disease
Tardive dyskinesia
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
72
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Insecure resistant children
Deprived children
Avoidant insecure children
Securely attached children
73
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
Increase of reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
There was no difference in reoffending rates
Reductions in reoffending rates
74
Piling found what?
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
It was difficult to improve compliance
Family therapy had no effect on remission
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
75
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
Plan the crime
First/last born
Frightened/confused at the time
Socially inadequate
76
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
77
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
False
True
78
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
79
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
80
Desire to Be liked?
ISI
NSI
81
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Better physical health
Eplilepsy
Lethargy
Major personality changes
82
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test LTM duration
Test STM duration
Test STM capacity
Test LTM capacity
83
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
84
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
Led to the development of drug treatments
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
Uses objective and observable techniques
85
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
3% of the time they could identify the offender
80% said it was useful
All of the above
14% said it assisted solving cases
86
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
False
True
87
Mixed results have been found
False
True
88
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
False
True
89
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Snowball effect
SocIAL CHANGE
Consistency
Augmentation principle
90
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
PET and MRI scans
They haven't been recognised
Post mortems and MRI scans
Post mortems and PET scans
91
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
92
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
93
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
False
True
94
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
A continuous cycle
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
95
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
True
False
96
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
Patients may become dependent on drugs
All of the above
97
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Sensory and motor movements
Vision
Our awareness or consciousness
Auditiory processing and memory
98
What are four categories of defining crime?
Historical, country, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, reason
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
Historical, culture, politics, intent
99
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
Too broad
All of the assumptions are shared
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
It has too many methods to compare
100
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
He did not in fact have powers
He did in fact have powers
He was a wizard
There was no change in his thoughts
101
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was no change
102
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Exactly the same as the mean
Non of the above
Further away from the mean
Closer to the mean
103
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
True
False
104
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
True
False
105
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
All of the above
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
There is a cultural bias
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
106
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
Social learning and milieu
Social learning and control
Control and milieu
All three
107
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
60-80%
11-18%
40-60%
6-8%
108
What did Read suggest?
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
Early and severe trauma has no effect
109
What is a Genotype
Personality
Genetic makeup
Environmental factors
Brain structure
110
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Martin
Meed
Mead
Matthews
111
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
No supporting evidence
Influence of demand characteristics
Deterministic
Good practical applications
112
The sensory neurons
Are found in our visual system
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
113
What did Godwin and Canter find?
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
114
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Family was irrelevant
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
115
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Brad Riener
Berlinda Reimer
Bruce Reimer
Brenda Ruemer
116
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
PET
Post mortem
EEG
MRI
117
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
Suffering
Violation of moral standards
Maldaptive behaviour
predictability
118
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
False
True
119
Scientific laws are generalisable
False
True
120
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
False
True
121
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
122
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
35%
45%
15%
95%
123
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Soft determinism
Minimum determinism
Biological determinism
Hard determinism
124
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
True
False
125
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
True
False
126
What is brain plasticity?
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
127
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Back of the knees
Back of the hands
Eyes
Back of the neck
128
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
True
False
129
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
False
True
130
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
False
True
131
What else did Sperry look at?
Plasticity of brain functions
Areas where functions are performed
Lateralisation of brain functions
Damage to brain functions
132
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
50% MZ and 36% DZ
83% MZ and 8% DZ
77% MZ and 12% DZ
100% MZ and 50% DZ
133
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
True
False
134
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
135
The interactionist approach is reductionist
True
False
136
What does parsimonious mean?
Not making any assumptions
Using only assumptions
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
137
Strengths of Zimbardo study
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Lack of replication
Zimbardo both observed and partook
Very ethical
138
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
True
False
139
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
False
True
140
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
False
True
141
What is recidivism
Prison capacity
Refers to reoffending
Token ecomony
Not reoffending
142
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
True
False
143
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
False
True
144
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Left visual field
Right visual field
145
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
Distortion of perception
Distortion of hearing
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
75% conformed at least once
146
What is an infradian rhythm?
A rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
147
What dies EPI stand for
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
Eysenck Person Inventory
Eysenck Personality Investigation
148
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
All of the above
Small sample sizes
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
149
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Lacks ecological validity
Cannot be generalised to humans
Demand characteristics
Ethical issues
150
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
It's completely unscientific
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
Covers all areas needed
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
151
What technique is not used in CBT
Positive self-talk
Setting homework
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
Question where the voices have originated from
152
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His personality drastically changed
His personality remained the same
His Broca's area was damaged
His Wernickes area was damaged
153
Inhibition is
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
154
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
155
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
Bullshite
156
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
False
True
157
What are the key feature of the process
All of the above
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
Not restricted to court rooms
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
158
Distortion of judgement
Didnt understand the task
People who lack self confidence
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
159
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Cultural limitations
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
160
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
True
False
161
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
Schema's can be inherited from parents
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
162
What was Broca's famous case study?
Tin
Tan
Ton
Ten
163
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
The participant reported seeing nothing
The participant could describe the object
The participant could name the object
164
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
False
True
165
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
One took part in anger mangement
One took part in anger management
One was a non treatment control
All of the above
166
The pineal gland releases serotonin
True
False
167
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
Falslse
True
168
Outline the female stereotype role
Loves shopping
Poor drivers
Child carer
All of the above
169
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
True
False
170
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
Failure to perform everyday functions
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
Inability to move
No change
171
Who did Heston study?
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
172
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Classical Conditioning
Biological explanation
Operant Conditioning
Evolutionary principle
173
The fight or flight response is within the
CNS
SNS
PNS
ANS
174
Which of these is true of STM
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Also called Episodic buffer
Sometimes called working memory
Rehearsal is not very important
175
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
True
False
176
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
True
False
177
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
Figures are difference anywhere
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
Some crimes aren't reported
All crime is recorded the same
178
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
The control ward - drug treatment
All three
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
Social learning ward - token economy
179
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
They have the same meaning
They sound the same
Less likely to guess at words
Easier to distinguish words from each other
180
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
Does not rely on the use of radiation
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
181
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
True
False
182
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
49%
30%
50%
48%
183
Gilroy Aim
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
Half given relaxation
75% successful treatment
Half also given desensitisation
184
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
False
True
185
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
When a child can form multiple attachments
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
186
What did the Tan case study show?
That there was no Broca's area
Different areas can peform the same function
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
187
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
188
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schemes and marital scores
Marital schisms and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital skews
189
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Maguire
Sperry
Draganski
Mechelli
190
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Lives alone
Covers tracks
Leaves fewer clues
Skilled job
191
The biological approach is reductionist
False
True
192
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
False
True
193
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Researcher bias
Misinterpreted information
Demand characteristics
Ethical issues
194
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
True
False
195
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Synchronised
Indiscriminate
Symmetrical
196
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
True
False
197
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
The envionment causes schizophrenia
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
198
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
False
True
199
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
True
False
200
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
Cultural bias
Lacks internal validity
Deception issues
201
What does a deterministic view show?
Some other psychological term
Holistic view
More than one view
Cause and effect
202
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
ID
Ultra-ego
Ego
Superego
203
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
True
False
204
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
There was no difference at all
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
205
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nurture
Nature
Neither
Both
206
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
False
True
207
What does chlorpromazine do?
Things and stuff
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
Nothing
Blocks pre synaptic sites
208
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
209
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
False
True
210
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
Triggers the flight or flight response
Releases adrenaline
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
211
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
True
False
212
What does an EEG allow?
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
Detect which areas of the brain are active
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
213
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Limited capacity
Short duration
Unlimited capacity
Long duration
214
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
True
False
215
What is EWT?
Unstructured interviews
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
Free recall
216
Findings of Baddeley
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
217
Stength of statistical infrequency
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
218
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is aused by genes
It is caused by the family
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
219
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Nuggets
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
Digit span and verbal reasoning
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
220
Which of the following is a strength?
Over simplistic
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
None of the above
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
221
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
False
True
222
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
False
True
223
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
44 Chicken nugget thieves
40 juvenile thugs
44 juvenile thieves
44 affection less psychopaths
224
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
There was no difference in the cortex size
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
225
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
True
False
226
The axon of the neuron
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
Contains the genetic material of the cell
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
227
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Long distance sight
Multitasking
Reading and writing skills
Memory
228
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
Statistical frequency
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
Lack of deviation from social norms
failure to function adequately
229
What is meant by the term sex?
The biological differences between men and women
The mental characteristics of two genders
The psychological differences between men and women
The biological similarities between the two sexes
230
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
acoustic, limited, short
231
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
232
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
Zimbardo
Ash
Milgram lad
All of the above
233
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
True
False
234
What is the three stages of anger management
Skill acquisition
Application practice
All the above
Cognitive preparation
235
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
236
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
True
False
237
Name a practical application made from this study
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
All of the above
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
238
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
Narnia
Madagascar
China
Germany
239
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
2- 10 months
8-9 months
6-8 months
From birth to 3 months
240
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
It's not divided
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
The CNS and ANS
The ANS and SNS
241
What is offender profiling?
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
242
What did Gupta's study show?
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
243
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
False
True
244
Duration of STM
Two minutes to 80 years
One minute to forever
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
Two minutes to forever
245
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
4/5
2/4
4/6
2/3
246
What is a leading question?
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
A question ppts interpret wrong
247
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
248
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
Yaaaas
No
249
Behavioural categories need to be...
Time sampled
Known to the participant to reduced deception
Spread out evenly
Operationalised
250
The communication between neurons is known as
Synaptic transfer
Systematic transmission
Synaptic transmission
Synaptic transformation
251
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
252
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
There were no abnormalities
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
253
What were children lacking in these institutions?
Nuggets and cheese
The ability to form multiple attachments
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
254
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
True
False
255
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
Damage to the brain
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
Cut corpus callosum
256
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
False
True
257
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
Organised and disorganised classification worked
258
Why was Risperidone developed?
All of the above
To battle different symptoms
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
259
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Both
Nurture
Nature
Neither
260
Excitation is
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
261
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
True
False
262
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Maslow
Pavlov
Farrington
Harlow
263
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
False
True
264
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Numinous data
Quantitative data
Ominous data
Qualitative data
265
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Can not tell how different their environments were
Their environments were too different
Their envirnments were the same
They would have had the same prenatal environment
266
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Left
Right
267
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Not being able to control what we are doing
Being unable to do anything
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
Disorganised speech and thoughts
268
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Containing ethical issues
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
Being subjective to researcher bias
269
behavioural characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
270
There are problems with adoption studies
True
False
271
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
True
False
272
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
273
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
Historically led to parent blaming
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
274
Distortion of action
NSI
Conform to avoid being different
Believe they are seeing it wrong
ISI
275
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Children who observed an aggressive model
Neither
Both groups
Children who observed a non aggressive model
276
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Imposed etic
Co-morbidity
Emic constructs
Ethnocentric
277
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
278
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Reduced breast growth
Webbed neck
Increased body hair
Under developed genitals
279
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
A smaller sample needed
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
280
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
False
True
281
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
There was no difference
282
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
True
False
283
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Harlow
Milgram lad
Pavlov
Lorenz
284
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
Cognitive behavioural therapy
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
285
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
They are expensive to run
Acknowledges that offending is complex
More likely to lead to permanant change
286
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
False
True
287
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
The side effects of typical drugs
The side effects of atypical drugs
288
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
A meeting may be emotional
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
289
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Risperidone
Clozapine
Chloropromazine
Haloperidol
290
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
They mean the same thing
291
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
True
False
292
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
293
The central nervous system includes
Organs
Tendons
The brain and spinal cord
Muscles
294
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 10% due to chance
Findings are 100% due to chance
Findings are 1% due to chance
295
Negative Reinforcement is?
You avoid something unpleasant
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
Negative consequence to behaviour
296
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
All of the above
297
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
Do not include victimless crimes
They can assess attitude towards crime
Under represent certain crimes
298
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
They are not reliable, people may lie
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
They show victimless crimes
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
299
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
Sleep stages
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
SAD
300
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
301
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
302
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Biological determinism
Mechanical determinism
Cognitive reductionism
Biological reductionism
303
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
No difference was found
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
Rats rejected testosterone
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
304
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
True
False
305
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Has extremely high temporal resolution
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
306
The original model saw genes as the major source
False
True
307
Distortion of perception Asch?
Mandela effect
Believed the majority was correct
Couldn't see properly
Didnt know what to do
308
What a marital schism?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
309
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
Anger is bad
Anger management is effective
Some people are very angry
In some people anger is quick to surface
310
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Safety
Biological and physiological
Love
Esteem
311
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
False
Literally everything psychology is lol
True
312
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
23 hours
25 hours
18 hours
20 hours
313
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Rutter and Soneua
Lucas et al
Rutter
Bowlby and Bailey
314
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
315
The criminal personality is
PP
EP
PN
EN
316
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
True
False
317
What is misleading information?
All of the above
Leading questions
Post event discussion
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
318
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
False
True
319
What clues may be used for recognition
The choice of victim
The location
All of the above
The time
320
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Community orders, fines, discharges
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
321
What are the different types of experimental methods?
Lab, field, natural and quasi
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
NUGGETS
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
322
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
True
False
323
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
John Duffy
Adrian Babb
None of the above
Ted Bundy
324
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
True
False
325
What do neural correlations suggest?
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
None of the above
People with APD show normal APD patterns
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
326
Who was the control group in this study?
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
There was no control group
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
Corn flakes
327
What is a paradigm?
A set of assumptions that are not shared
Assumptions
Facts of behaviour
A shared set of assumptions
328
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
Findings were quantitative data only
Other researchers were jealous
Lacks internal validity
329
Which is not a mediational process?
Motivation
Attention
Retention
Repoductted
330
What is the dark figure of crime?
All crimes
Petty crimes
More serious crimes
Crimes that go unreported
331
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Psychological treatment
Drugs
332
Strength MSM
Over simplified
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
Primary recency effect provides evidence
Evidence for brain scanning
333
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
Serotonin and dopamine
Just dopamine
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
None
334
Outline the typical male stereotype
Loves shopping
Takes care of children
Solves argument with silent treatment
Commitment phobic
335
a reason for obedience?
Agentic state
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
Compliance
336
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Denial, subliminal and displacement
Denial, displacement and repression
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
Displacement, sublimination and repression
337
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Selecting participants who are available at the time
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
338
What did Sensky find?
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
Neitehr were effective
339
Strength of failure to function adequately
This definition is focused on the individual
Everyday life varies
Measurable
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
340
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Both
Nurture
Nature
341
Desire to be right
ISI
NSI
342
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
343
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
False
True
344
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
345
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
There was no difference
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
Combination showed higher symptom levels
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
346
NICE does not recommend art therapy
False
True
347
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
There was a warm and complacent mother
There was a warm and complacent father
348
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
2
12
6
9
349
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
True
False
350
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant, over-soft
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, denial and over-harsh
351
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
1 year
6 weeks
Straight away
12 weeks
352
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They percieved them as friendly
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They could not suggest an emotion
They percieved them as confused and afraid
353
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
False
True
354
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
True
False
355
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
False
True
356
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
False
True
357
What are offender surveys?
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
Victims reveal what has happened to them
358
It did not help to develop CBT
True
False
359
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
Distance
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
Promity
360
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
Family had no effect
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
It was purely biologcal
361
What is a weakness neural correlates
No cause and effect
All of the above
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
Lewis found no significant link
362
What is geographical profiling
Information about crime scenes
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
All information
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
363
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
False
True
364
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 5
Stage 3
Stage 1
Stage 4
365
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
China
Germany
Israel
Britain
366
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
367
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
True
False
368
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
Logic, analysis and problem solving
369
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
370
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
371
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
False
True
372
Findings not from Zimbardo
450v
6 day study instead of 14
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
373
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
True
False
374
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of deprivation and privation
Law of evolution and cargiverness
Law of nature an nurture
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
375
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
True
False
376
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
True
False
377
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
True
False
378
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
True
False
379
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
True
False
380
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
It's time consuming
Patients are often less willing to try new things
All of the above
381
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
All of the above
They could be identified using their characteristics
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
382
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
They have excellent temporal resolution
In order to work, there can be no background noise
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
383
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
384
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
Neither had an effect
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
Both were needed to be criminal
385
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
386
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
A person may be happy with their situation
Positive approach looking at what to add
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
387
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
There was no difference
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
388
What didn't Houston find?
Genes were the main factor
All of the above
There were no specific vulnerabilities
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
389
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
False
True
390
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
Decreased cost
Reduced post traumatic stress
All of the above
391
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
Neither
It all comes back to nuggets
Nurture
Nature
392
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Slow speech
Speech is fluent but incoherent
Speech does make sense
All of the above
393
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the loaction
Analysis of the victim
Analysis of the time
394
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
True
False
395
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
False
True
396
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
They were too dangerous
Drug development
They didn't
They become less effective
397
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
XXX
XO
YXX
XXY
398
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
No common thinking patterns were found
88 common thinking patterns were found
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
2 common thinking patterns were found
399
The three levels of moral reasoning are
All of the above
Conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
Post-conventional reasoning
400
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Cognitive
Biological
Behaviourism
Psychodynamic
401
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Importance of the experience of the individual
Animal studies are helpful
Rejection of scientific method
Negative view of human nature
402
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Introduced to Mr Wallace
Advertised in the newspaper
Set up a prison in Stanford university
Drew fixed lots
403
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Maguire
Mechelli
Draganski
Sperry
404
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
12 out of 12
10 out of 12
4 out of 12
7 out of 12
405
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
120-180 minutes
5 minutes
10-15 minutes
70-90 minutes
406
A neurotransmitter is
A tiny gap between neurons
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
Tiny sacks
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
407
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
False
True
408
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
True
False
409
Jacob found...
Average span of 5-9
Average span 7-9
410
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
False
True
411
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
110,000
100,000
101,000
10,000
412
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
False
True
413
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
True
False
414
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
True
False
415
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
416
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
All of the above
Learning is too complex to be localised
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
No area was more important than another in navigation
417
Official stats and other measures add up
True
False
418
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
There are ethical issues
Little rehabilitative value
Easy to implement
There is passive token learning
419
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Exposure
Relaxation
Anxiety Hierarchy
Flooding
420
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
False
True
421
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
True
False
422
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
423
The evidence for family therapy is strong
True
False
424
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
They are deterministic
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
425
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Green
Freud
Skinner
Kholberg
426
Limitation of humanism
Positive image of the human condition
Limited application
Hollistic
Free Will
427
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
False
True
428
An fMRI scan is
The brain is ananlysed after death
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
429
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Cognitive functions
Memory
Influences
Information processing
430
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
False
True
431
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
Internal processes are not effected by schema
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
432
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
False
True
433
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
Poverty could be the actual cause
None of the above
Being rejected by society may be the cause
It included scientific racism
434
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
False
True
435
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
True
False
436
What animal did Pavlov use?
Horses
Dogs
Rats
Birds
437
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
There was no change
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
SQUAD
438
Identify the main female hormone
Adrenaline
Oestrogen
Testosterone
Oeastragon
439
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They don't fire easily enough
They fire too slowly
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
440
Humanistic Approach is...
Nomothetic
Holistic
Idiographic
Reductionist
441
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived extremely close to their crimes
They lived in a circle of their offences
442
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
Neither of the drugs were effective
Typical drugs were more effective
There was no significant difference
Atypical drugs were more effective
443
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
444
Miller findings...
All of the above
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
445
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Neither were important
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
446
What animal did skinner use?
cats
Dogs
rats
NUGGETS
447
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
448
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Good parenting and high school achievement
Low school attendance and good parenting
Low school achievement+poor parenting
449
What is the restorative justice council
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
A group of judges
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
Civilians
450
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
False
True
451
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
4%
2%
8%
1%
452
Strengths deviation from social norms
Social norms are culturally specific
Easy to look at and diagnose
Social norms change over time
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
453
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Localisation
Plasticity
454
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
False
True
455
Police record crimes differently
True
False
456
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
False
True
457
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
Patients become dependant on a therapies
458
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
459
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
One group Recalled after 2 days.
Study tested LTM
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
460
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Demand characteristics from participants
Studies often lack internal validity
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
The lack of qualitative data
461
The biological approach is deterministic
True
False
462
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
All of the above
Delinquent behaviour was low
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
463
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
False
True
464
Offenders were said to be patient
False
True
465
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
False
True
466
In which case did offender profiling fail?
Adrian Babb
Ted Bundy
John Duffy
Rachel Nickell
467
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Produces male sex hormones
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
Triggers the fight or flight response
468
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
All of the above
There is also evidence for environmental factors
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
469
What details can be matched on a database?
Personal history and family background
Age and sex
All of the above
Location, place of birth
470
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
secure attachment
secure - resistent attachment
insecure - secure attachment
secure - avoidant attachment
471
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Russell
Adams
472
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Stern and McClintock
Russell
Adams
473
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Harlow
Bailey et al
Schaffer and Emerson
Lorenz
474
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
475
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Mental processes
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
Mental processes that can be directly observed
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
476
Reasons to resist conforming
Willpower
Cats
Locus of control
Social support
477
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
478
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
False
True
479
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
False
True
480
What are the two types of offender?
Tidy and messy
Tidy and disorganised
Organised and messy
Organised and disorganised
481
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Poor reliability
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
Lack of right to withdraw
482
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
Chi- squared
All of the above
Spearman's Rho
Pearson's
483
Post even discussion is...?
When there's more than one witness at an event
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
484
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Motivated by pleasure principle
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
The morality principle and is part of the ego
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
485
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
Opportunities for training and training
Stigma is involved
They may be universities for crime
Psychological harm may be done in prison
486
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
There was no difference in relapse rates
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
487
How many participants were there in asch's study?
7
8
1
9
488
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
All of the above
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
489
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
True
False
490
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
False
True
491
What does this suggest?
The same cause
They are different conditions
No cause
Different causes
492
What is a hypothesis
What the study is about
The procedure
The aim of the study
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
493
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Auditory
Visual
494
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
False
True
495
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
True
False
496
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
False
True
497
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
True
False
498
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
All of the above
Because of how he treated his victims
Forensic evidence
He was caught at the scene
499
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Unconscious mind
Sub-conscious mind
Uncontinuous mind
Conscious mind
500
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
achievements
needs
wants
potential
501
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Ethical issues of deception
More ecological validity
Increases face validity of study
Reduced demand characteristics
502
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Gained increased cognitive abilities
Unskilled at mating
Neglected their young
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
503
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
True
False
504
Schemas can hinder new information
True
False
505
What is an internal mental process?
The way we interact with the environment
The way you are feeling
Internal workings of the mind that process information
External cues
506
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
False
True
507
What may restorative justice involve?
Offences like anti social behaviour
All of the above
May involve the victim and offender meeting
Must volunteer to use the approach
508
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Schaffer and Emerson
Bowlby
Isabelle et al
Ainsworth
509
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
False
True
510
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
All children must go through the electra complex
511
There was 28 trials overall
False
True
512
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
True
False
513
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
Genes and chromosomes
Schemas
Internal mental processes
514
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
515
Behaviourist strengths
Deterministic as it ignores biology
Stimulus/response reductionism
Lab experiment so lots of control
Studies only done on animals
516
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
How old they are
How they may act in day to day life
Whether they will offend again
Where thety are from
517
What is declarative memory?
Facts and knowledge
Knowing how
Events
Knowing that
518
What is the top down approach?
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
None of the above
Analysis of the location
Analysis just of the victim
519
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
False
True
520
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
The words sound more alike
Words are distinguishable
Words are stored separately
521
A phobia is an adaptive fear
False
True
522
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
All of the above
All behaviour has a physical cause
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
523
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
524
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
Innate working model
Internal working model
Working memory model
External working model
525
Motor neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
526
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
It is reductionist
Could be due to demand characteristics
Studies are reliable
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
527
What gland releases ACTH?
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
528
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
True
False
529
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Activating event
Dog
Consequences
Belief
530
What are roles conditions of worth?
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
531
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Visual and tactile
Auditory and tactile
Visual and auditory
Sensory
532
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
False
True
533
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave no tokens
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
534
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
False
True
535
Bem carried out a study into...
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
50 transgender children under the age of 15
Gender neutral children
Intersex twins
536
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Little Hans
Bruce Reimer
Little Albert
Clive wearing
537
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
True
False
538
The US topologies are based in small samples
True
False
539
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
113 patients to 370 controls
370 patients to 113 controls
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
540
What else were the participants able to do?
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
Hear the objects
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
Smell the objects
541
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Speech to be incoherent
Speech to be slow and laborious
Limited reading skills
542
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To bring us back into the conscious mind
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
543
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
Poor external validity
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
Demand characteristics from those studied
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
544
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
There was no cause
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
All of the above
545
What was Bedlam known for?
Better drug treatments
More facilities that anywhere else
Good treatment of the mentally ill
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
546
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Objective observable behaviour
Objective non observable behaviour
Subjective non observable behaviour
Subjective observable behaviour
547
Identification is public and private agreement?
No
Yes but only short term
yes, forever
While you are around the group influencing your views
548
Miles research supports biological rhythms
False
True
549
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Instability
Stability
Introversion
Psychoticism
550
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
Reformation of blood vessels
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
The equivalent area takes on its functions
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
551
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
False
True
552
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
553
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
Home
Large asylums
Hospitals
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
554
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Re-occuring themes within the data
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
Already produced quantitative data
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
555
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
Failed to develop ovaries
All of the above
Higher than average verbal ability
Short statue
556
Milgram initial study aim?
To look into the context of obedience
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
See how state effects obedience
557
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They keep information apart
They form all of our ideas
They help us to interpret and organise information
They do not help
558
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
It rejects the idea of free will
It does not take other theories into consideration
It only supports the nurture debate
559
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
True
False
560
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
False
True
561
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
False
True
562
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
True
False
563
What is metarepresentation?
All of th above
The way people react to stimuli
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
564
Public agreement, private disagreement?
identification
Normative
Internalisation
Compliance
565
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
True
False
566
Brown et al Aim
This did happen
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
567
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
False
True
568
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of leading questions on memory
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
569
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
They compared comparison lines to a target line
The participant usually went last
18 critical trials carried out
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
570
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
True
False
571
What is a marital skew?
One disturbed parent dominates the household
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
572
What are victim surveys?
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
People share what they have witnessed
All of the above
Offenders tell what they have done to others
573
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
Ethical issues with children
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
574
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
True
False
575
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
EEG
PET
fMRI
ERP
576
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
577
What is restorative justice?
Criminals making amends
Punishment
Community service
Prison
578
Not Stages of flooding
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
Immediate exposure
Crying probs lol
Initially destressed and anxious
579
An advantage of the mean is that..
Is extremely time consuming
It is easily distorted with extreme values
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
It is more representative for entire sets of data
580
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
Psychologically healthier
More able to consume more nuggets
More active
581
When is CBT not effective?
When the patients condition is too severe
When the patient has a good understanding
When it is alongside drig treatments
When the patient has a clear insight
582
Intersex refers to...
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
Children born without male hormones
Children born with male and female hormones
People with increased testosterone
583
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Oral stage
Phallic stage
Anal stage
Latent stage
584
The theory shows gender bias
False
True
585
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
False
True
586
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
True
False
587
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
True
False
588
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
China
Mexico
Britain
Japan
589
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Environmental
Nuggets
Biological
Psychic
590
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
False
True
591
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
False
True
592
Identify the male sex chromosomes
XX
XYY
YX
XY
593
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Saying sorry
Shortened sentence
Prison
Financial restitution
594
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
True
False
595
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
596
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
597
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
False
True
598
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
False
True
599
Cocurrent validity is when...
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results are not consistent over time to society
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
600
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
True
False
601
Aim of Asch's study?
Line study
Look into obedience
Look into compliance vs identification
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
602
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
603
Findings not from Milgram
100% went to 300v
65% went to 450v
3 had seizures
6% sent to 400v
604
What is an overt observation?
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When participants are aware they are being observed
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
605
Limitation of behavioural approach
Scientific methods
Free Will
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
Reductionist
606
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
False
True
607
There were 12 critical trials?
True
False
608
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
True
False
609
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
False
True
610
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Using local times for bedtimes
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Nothing
Using local time s for meal times