AP 50 Terms and Definitions

non-literal, implied, suggested , associated meaning of a word or phrase involving emotions/attitudes

opposite of informal language, it is lofty, dignified, or impersonal

start with a subordinating conjunction and contains a subject and predicate

an argument that seeks to explain the effect(s) of a cause, cause(s) of an effect, or chain of events

informal diction of common, everyday speech; used to give writing a conversational, familiar tone

strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color

FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

spoken/written/visual text expressing a point of view OR use of evidence/reason to discover a version of truth

material that provides official information or evidence; citing sources

attacking the person of the speaker instead of the argument

body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than literal one

repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words

two or more independent clauses

fallacy in which claim is based on the expertise of someone who lack appropriate credentials in THAT field

Greek for "good speech;" indirect, kinder, or less harsh/hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information

format discussion of a subject; written or spoken communication or debate

one independent plus one or more dependent clauses

repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive proximate words

mode of prose writing that explains its subject; presenting meaning or purpose of an issue

figure of speech/syntactical structure - order of terms in 1^st half of parallel clause is reversed in 2^nd

writer's re-creation of the language & speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group

literary, historical, religious, mythological, or artistic reference to something presumably known

from the Greek meaning "teaching," especially moral or ethical principles

claiming popularity makes an idea viable

image writer creates to establish authority & credibility; use of writer's character to persuade

fallacy in which comparison between two objects/concepts is inaccurate or inconsequential

three periods (. . .) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation

using a debatable point to "prove" the argument

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another — unfair

historical, cultural, social, geographic, and other factors that motivated the artist(writer)

specific (targeted group or real people envisioned by writer) OR implied (suggested by finished writing)

mode of discourse examining similarities and/or differences between two things to reveal their natures

developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work;

type of run-on sentence where two independent clauses are joined only by a comma

material offered to support an argument (part of data in Toulmin's Model, along with grounds, support, appeals)

multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage

an issue, problem or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak

two or more independent clauses plus one or more dependent clauses

regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases of clauses

statement that asserts a belief or truth; requires supporting evidence; key component in Toulmin argument

when the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb

fallacy assuming that if B follows A, then A caused B; basis of superstitions

argument method-specific statements & conclusions are drawn from general principles

syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, producing rapid prose

arrangement of events in order they occurred in time

story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point

writer's word choice that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning

similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them

a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought

refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images