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Honors Biology Exam 2025
Honors Biology Exam 2025
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1
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing
sunlight.
chlorophyll b.
high-energy sugars.
chlorophyll a.
2
Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to
chloroplasts.
mitochondria.
cytoplasm.
nuclei.
3
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
4
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport
glycolysis → fermentation → Krebs cycle
glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
Krebs cycle → electron transport → glycolysis
5
Energy is released from ATP when
a phosphate group is added.
ATP is exposed to sunlight.
a phosphate group is removed.
adenine bonds to ribose.
6
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
economy.
recycling.
ecology.
modeling.
7
Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble
storing needed materials and waste products.
dividing.
moving needed materials in and waste products out.
producing daughter cells.
8
If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number is
11.
3.
7.
4.
9
The stroma is the region outside the
plant cells.
Mitochondria
thylakoids.
chloroplasts.
10
Variation in human skin color is an example of
multiple alleles.
incomplete dominance.
polygenic traits.
codominance.
11
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
thylakoids.
autotrophs.
pigments.
heterotrophs.
12
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
Chloroplast
13
Science is best described as a
list of rules.
collection of beliefs.
way of knowing.
set of facts.
14
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Cells are the basic units of life.
Very few cells are able to reproduce.
All cells are produced from existing cells.
All living things are made of cells.
15
Plants are
primary consumers.
omnivores.
herbivores.
primary producers.
16
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
only during the G1 phase
only when they are being replicated
only during interphase
only during cell division
17
A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is
a theory.
a controlled experiment.
a hypothesis.
an inference.
18
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmosis.
pinocytosis.
osmotic pressure.
active transport.
19
The structure labeled A in Figure 10–5 is called the
centriole.
sister chromatid.
spindle.
centromere.
20
The algae at the beginning of a food chain in are considered
primary consumers.
heterotrophs.
primary producers.
decomposers.
21
The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called
metabolism.
homeostasis.
evolution.
photosynthesis.
22
What are found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom?
Neutrons
Ions
Protons
Electrons
23
An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction
produces identical offspring
provides genetic diversity
requires more time
takes less time
24
Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
25
Which of the following structures serves as the cell's boundary from its environment?
cell membrane
Mitochondrion
channel protein
Chloroplast
26
Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?
eukaryotes
bacteria
prokaryotes
viruses
27
Water molecules are polar, with the
oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly po
oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly ne
oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
28
Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
structure A.
structure C.
structure B.
structure D.
29
What are the characteristics of members of the animal kingdom?
unicellular, heterotrophic, prokaryotic
multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic
multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic
unicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic
30
Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called
data.
inferences.
hypotheses.
variables.
31
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
32
As a cell becomes larger, its
volume increases faster than its surface area.
surface area stays the same, but its volume increases.
volume increases, but its surface area stays the same.
surface area increases faster than its volume.
33
A covalent bond is formed as the result of
sharing protons.
transferring protons.
transferring electrons.
sharing electrons.
34
During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
a mass of information.
a single variable.
a conclusion.
a control group.
35
Why are stem cells important?
they hae the potential to undergo cell division
they are incapable of becoming cancer cells
they have specialized DNA
They have the potential to develop into other cell types
36
How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?
4
2
16
8
37
10 percent of the energy in an organism is passed to the next level. Some is used for life processes and the rest is
stored as body tissue
stored as fat
used in reproduction
lost as heat
38
Figure 12–4 shows the percentages of bases in a DNA sample. How much Thymine should you expect?
44%
28%
24%
22%
39
In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?
They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
They both use photosynthesis to make their own food.
They both directly consume producers.
They both are considered to be autotrophs.
40
In Figure 12–2 the structure labeled X is a(n)shows the structure of
a phosphate
a lipid
a nucleotide
an amino acid.
41
Figure 3–2 15. What goes in Box 5 of the food web in Figure 3–2?
carnivores
decomposers
herbivores
scavengers
42
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
The cell's volume increases.
It becomes more difficult for the cell to get rid of wastes.
It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA.
43
How do organisms get the energy they need?
by breaking down food and gradually and capturing their chemical energy
by breathing oxygen into the lungs and combining it with carbon dioxide
by using the sun's energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals
by burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat
44
Cell division is represented in Figure 10–3 by the letter
D.
A.
B.
C.
45
The main energy source for all living things is
carbon
chlorophyll
the sun
oxygen
46
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
bacteria.
consumers.
plants.
humans.
47
Figure 7–5 27. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7–5 above?
Endocytosis
facilitated diffusion
Exocytosis
protein pump
48
What would be an example of the three parts of a nucleotide in DNA?
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
deoxyribose, phosphate group, and guanine
phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
49
The different forms of a gene are called
alleles.
pollinations.
hybrids.
traits.
50
Figure 3–4 18. Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in Figure 3–4?
grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk
tree, deer, mountain lion, fox
tree, rabbit, hawk, snake
grass, caterpillar, robin, hawk
51
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
packages proteins
builds proteins
stores sugars
stores DNA
52
The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called
evaporation.
the water cycle.
precipitation.
the condensation cycle.
53
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of
neutrons.
ions.
molecules.
electrons.
54
32. A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a complete set of chromosomes
Chromosomes are divided evenly during division - each new cell has half
Chromosomes duplicated before mitosis - each new cell has same info
are randomly distributed during division-some new cells are made
are stored in the original cell to direct the division of new cells
55
In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the
inner mitochondrial membrane.
nucleus.
cell membrane.
cytoplasm.
56
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
water to move into the cell.
solutes to move out of the cell.
solutes to move into the cell.
water to move out of the cell.