Luther's religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that...

no amount of good works could satisfy Gods righteousness

What was the most immediate cause of the French revolution according to the provided information?

failure to resolve government debts and economic problems

The Success of the colonists in their war for independence was largely attributed to...

Generous military and financial aid from European states, mostly France

which of the following was NOT a central belief of Lutheranism?

the sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church

the purpose of Diderot's encyclopedia, according to him, was to...

change the general way of thinking

which document guaranteed equality under the law for all French men during the French Revolution

The Declaration of the rights of Man and Citizen

the French philosophes mostly included people from

the nobility and the middle class

in the spirit of the laws Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where...

power is divided between the three branches of government

Johann Sebastian Bach

was the major Catholic composer of the seventeenth-century

How did the American Revolution impact Europeans perception of Enlightenment ideas?

It demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas could be realized politically

What was the primary question that divided the Estates-General when it convened on May 5, 1789?

the voting method: by order or by head

John Wyclif criticized the church for...

not letting people read the Bible on their own

The Battle of saratoga in 1777 is significant primarily because it...

led to the commitment of European aid to the American cause

in 18th-century Europe, churches both catholic and protestant

still played a major role in social and spiritual areas

what was the effect of the French Constitution of 1791 on voting rights?

Male Citizens meeting a tax qualification were granted voting rights

What significant action did the National Assembly take regarding the clergy during the French Revolution?

issuing the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

By summoning the Estates-General of France in 1789, the government...

was merely looking for a way to solve the immediate financial crisis

was a 28-volume compilation of articles by many influential philosophes

the growth of reading and publishing in the 18th-century was aided and characterized by the development of

magazines for the general public

Deism is the belief that

God created the universe but does not actively run it

European intellectual life in the 18th-century was marked by...

emergence of secularization & seek & find natural laws governing human life

what measures were adopted by the National Convention regarding dechristianization

implementation of street names and new calendar

what nobility reform did the national converntion enact regarding voting rights in september 1792?

Implemented universal male suffrage

what was a significant conduit for spreading American political and moral ideas back to Europe during Revolutionary war

hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers

Which document was issued by National Assembly during the French Revolution to outline fundamental rights and principles

Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen

Abbé Sieyès' pamphlet "What is the Third Estate?" supported...

the commoners' interests and rights

European music in the later 18th century is best associated with

Haydn & Mozart shifted musical center from Italy & Germany to Austrian emp.

by the 18th century what characterized the relationship between the French bourgeoisie and nobility?

increasing similarity and blurring of distinctions

Adam believed that government

should not interfere in peoples economic decisions

which document advocating for womens rights, was ignored by the National Assembly during the french revolution

Declaration of Rights of Women and Female citizen by Olympia de Gouges

high culture in 18th-century Europe was characterized by the

enormous impact of the publishing industry

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Western Civ Mid-Term Review

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Questions 67

Answers

1
The King's fortress in Paris, which a mob stormed on July 14, 1789,touching off a wave of riots throughout France was...
the Louvre
the Bastille
Chartres
St. Denis
2
inspired Enlightenment by arguing with rational reasoning and acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws
John Loche and Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton and Adam Smith
Adam Smith and John Wyclif
John Loche and Adam Smith
3
Luther's religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that...
the legitimacy of the Catholic church should never be questioned
no amount of good works could satisfy Gods righteousness
the Bible had passages which were contradictory
an all-powerful God did not care about humans
4
during Thermidorian Reaction and subsequent Directory, what was a significant factor in the survival of the government
religious reforms
economic policies
educational initiatives
military support
5
What was the most immediate cause of the French revolution according to the provided information?
Political corruption
Social inequality
Influence of Enlightenment Ideas
failure to resolve government debts and economic problems
6
The Success of the colonists in their war for independence was largely attributed to...
Economic sanctions imposed by European states
Superior military strategy and technology
Indigenous Alliances
Generous military and financial aid from European states, mostly France
7
which of the following was NOT a central belief of Lutheranism?
justification is by faith alone
only two of the Catholic sacraments were accurate and worth keeping
Gods word is found in scripture alone
the sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church
8
According to Rousseau, the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes was...
divine-right monarchy
marriage
private property
religion
9
the purpose of Diderot's encyclopedia, according to him, was to...
change the general way of thinking
dispute the claims of science
usher in God's kingdom on earth
get the uneducated masses to respect authority
10
which document guaranteed equality under the law for all French men during the French Revolution
the Tennis Court Oath
The Napoleonic Code
The Declaration of the rights of Man and Citizen
The Consititution of 1791
11
John Lockes tabula rasa refers to
the image of God
a heart of love
a blank mind
the temple of reason
12
the French philosophes mostly included people from
the universities
the lower class and the lower middle class
the nobility and the middle class
urban artisans and craftsmen
13
in the spirit of the laws Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where...
the king exercises absolute and unlimited power
the nobility is uninvolved
the legislature exercises absolute and unlimited power
power is divided between the three branches of government
14
Johann Sebastian Bach
produced religious music
was best known for his cantatas and motets
was the major Catholic composer of the seventeenth-century
became a close German confidant of Voltaire
15
In 1792, the Legislative Assembly of France declared war on...
Spain
Austria
The Papal States
Prussia
16
the leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was
David Hume
Denis Diderot
Adam Smith
Cesare Beccaria
17
the philosopher who proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment as "Dare to know!" was
jean-Jaques Rousseau
Immanuel Kant
Voltaire
Denis Diderot
18
How did the American Revolution impact Europeans perception of Enlightenment ideas?
it proved the failure of enlightenment ideals in practice
It led to the suppression of Enlightenment thought in Europe
it highlighted the superiority of European political systems over Americans
It demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas could be realized politically
19
What was the primary question that divided the Estates-General when it convened on May 5, 1789?
the role of clergy in governance
the taxation of the bourgeoisie
the voting method: by order or by head
the disruption of land among the nobility
20
a cheap and popular alcoholic drink in 18th century england was
gin
mead
beer
whiskey
21
John Wyclif criticized the church for...
not letting people read the Bible on their own
discriminating against Muslims and Jews
wasting money on expensive cathedrals
discriminating against women
22
The Battle of saratoga in 1777 is significant primarily because it...
resulted in the capture of George Washington
led to the commitment of European aid to the American cause
marked the beginning of the British victories in the colonies
ended the American Revolutionary War
23
the 18th-century composer considered to be the most innovative who composed the opera the marriage of Figaro was...
Haydn
Beethoven
Mozart
Handel
24
in 18th-century Europe, churches both catholic and protestant
still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
had not changed much in two centuries
declined in numbers and influence
were responsible for the dramatic rise in literacy
25
what was the effect of the French Constitution of 1791 on voting rights?
Voting rights were restricted to landowners
Male Citizens meeting a tax qualification were granted voting rights
only nobility were granted voting rights
only the clergy were granted voting rights
26
On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress issued the...
Articles of Confederation
Constitution of the US
Declaration of Independence
Bill of Rights
27
18th-century musical composition that was called one of rare works, appeals immediately to everyone & is a masterpiece
Mozart's the marriage of Figaro
Haydn's the sessions
Handel's Messiah
Bach's st. matthew's Passion
28
What significant action did the National Assembly take regarding the clergy during the French Revolution?
establishing a state religion
abolishing all religious practices
enforcing strict censorship on religious texts
issuing the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
29
By summoning the Estates-General of France in 1789, the government...
was merely looking for a way to solve the immediate financial crisis
indicated intentions to launch major reform of the French political system
was following its obligation for regular meetings of trad. rep. assembly
showed its autocratic strength since it possessed absolute control over rep
30
the French Revolutionary slogan "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!" encapsulates the ideals of...
The English Civil War
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
the American Revolution
31
the encyclopedia
sought to expose the dangers of religious toleration
was a 28-volume compilation of articles by many influential philosophes
was a major tool in thee attack of conservatives on enlightenment ideals
was subsidized in twelve separate editions by the French Government
32
the growth of reading and publishing in the 18th-century was aided and characterized by the development of
private tutors
state investments in free books
libraries
magazines for the general public
33
the recognized capital of the Enlightenment was
Geneva
Paris
Berlin
London
34
Deism is the belief that
religion is fairy tales to frighten the superstitious
God created the universe but does not actively run it
if God exisits he has no interest in the world
a transcendent spirit controls every event
35
European intellectual life in the 18th-century was marked by...
an intense pessimism about the possibility if human progress
sophism & the mockery of past traditions
emergence of secularization & seek & find natural laws governing human life
growing ani-semitism and sharper persecution of minorities in universities
36
what measures were adopted by the National Convention regarding dechristianization
iconoclasm and equality
dechristianization and new calendar
new calendar and revolt in Saint Domingue
implementation of street names and new calendar
37
what nobility reform did the national converntion enact regarding voting rights in september 1792?
limited sufferage to property owners
denied sufferage to peasants
granted suffrage only to the clergy
Implemented universal male suffrage
38
what was a significant conduit for spreading American political and moral ideas back to Europe during Revolutionary war
trade agreements between America and European nations
the migration of American intellectuals to Europe
hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers
cultural exchange programs organized by European universities
39
Which document was issued by National Assembly during the French Revolution to outline fundamental rights and principles
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The Napoleonic Code
Declaration of rights of Women and the Female Citizen
Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen
40
the English writer who argued in a serious proposal to the ladies that women should become better educated was...
Mary Wollstonecraft
Maria Cavendish
Mary Astell
Anne Stuart
41
Abbé Sieyès' pamphlet "What is the Third Estate?" supported...
the commoners' interests and rights
the nobility's right to govern
the monarchy's absolute power
the clergy's role in governance
42
European music in the later 18th century is best associated with
the strictly elitist aristocratic works of Haydn
the innovative secular composer of Bach
Handel the most religiously inspired of the periods composers
Haydn & Mozart shifted musical center from Italy & Germany to Austrian emp.
43
According to the social contract the "general will" was
a social consensus to which the individual must bow
a license to do as one pleased
derived from the law of supply and demand
identical to Locke's social contract
44
by the 18th century what characterized the relationship between the French bourgeoisie and nobility?
greater social mobility for the bourgeoisie
decreasing economic power of the bourgeoisie
increasing similarity and blurring of distinctions
increasing hostility and conflicts
45
18th-century writers used this new form of literary expression to attack hypocrisies of the era & provide entertainment
autobiography
novels
epic poetry
short stories
46
Adam believed that government
is not necessary and should be eliminated entirely
has a responsibility to the people to manage the economy
should encourage people to share and help eachother
should not interfere in peoples economic decisions
47
the strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by
Mary Wollstonecraft
Maria Cavendish
Beatrice Williams
Mary Astell
48
Which document governed the United States from 1781 to 1789, before the ratification of the Constitution?
federalist papers
magna carta
declaration of independence
articles of confederation
49
which document advocating for womens rights, was ignored by the National Assembly during the french revolution
The Napoleonic Code
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Declaration of Rights of Women and Female citizen by Olympia de Gouges
The Tennis Court Oath
50
high culture in 18th-century Europe was characterized by the
decline of French as an international language
enormous impact of the publishing industry
decline of the magazine with the rise of the novel
complete freedom of press
51
Voltaire was the author of
spirit of the laws
treatise of toleration
principia
persian letters
52
the French philosophes
flourished in an atmosphere of government support
supported state censorship of ideas contrary to their own
sought no extension of enlightenment to other disciplines
literate intellectuals who meant to change the world with reason & rational
53
During early stages of Radical Revolution which faction controlled the National Convention and defeated the Girondins?
the Cordliers
the Girondins
the Jacobins
the Montagnard
54
Enlightenment thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended
rigorous state control of all forms of education
application of scientific method to analysis & understanding of human life
a complete stop to all efforts at thee reform of justice
the rational dismantling of all churches & their competing, empty ideology
55
the punishment of crime in the 18th century was often
public and very gruesome
the responsibility of the army
carried out by mobs after the criminals were charged in court
less severe than the crime would merit
56
the Reformation in England under Henry VIII
was triggered by Henrys desire for a male heir
was organized and enacted by Thomas More
enacted a total renunciation of Catholic doctrine
stemmed from overwhelming discontent with the Catholic Church in England
57
During the 1760s British Policy makers aimed to raise revenues from the American colonies primarily to...
Expand trade routes with European nations
fund infrastructure projects in Britian
Finance the British army's defense of the colonies
establish new colonies in North America
58
Montesquieu Persian Letter
was first written in Latin but later translated into French
expressed his admiration of Islam and the East
a method that allowed him to criticize catholic church & french monarchy
was a translation of a great literary work from ancient Persia
59
what was the demographic composition of the victims of the reign of terror; according to the provided information?
sixty percent peasants and laboring classes
fifty percent aristocracy and fifty percent bourgeoisie
primarily bourgeoisie and merchants
Predominantly nobility and clergy
60
what significant event occurred during the National Convention in September 1792?
abolishment of the monarchy and establishment of a republic
formation of the Girondin faction
establishment of the monarchy
Declaration of war on Austria
61
which of the following groups comprised the third estate in the old regime society of France?
Clergy
Aristocrats
Nobility
Bourgeoisie
62
in the social structure of the old regime which groups comprised the first and second estates respectively;
First Estate: Artisans; Second Estate: Bourgeoisie
First Estate: Clergy; Second Estate: Nobility
First Estate: Merchants; Second Estate: peasants
First Estate: Nobility; Second Estate: Clergy
63
what significant change did the Civil Constitution of the CLergy enact on July 1790?
it abolished the Catholic church
it banned the practice of Christianity in France
Established Catholisism as the states religion of France
It secularized church offices and clergymen
64
in what two countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers choose new religious movements?
Sweden and Poland
Italy and Spain
Scotland and England
France and Austria
65
Pogroms were
Instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities
special Jewish holidays only practiced by Sephardim
treaties offering Jews economic liberties
parties held to celebrate the amity between Jews and Christians
66
the religious movement that came to be known as Methodism
was particularly popular in the Holy Roman Empire
became a separate and independent sect from the Anglican Church
was critical of emotional mysticism and religious enthusiasm
was founded by Court Nikolaus von Zinzendorf
67
what event marked the decline of the Committee of Public Safety
the revolt in Saint Dominigue
the decline of slavery
the execution of Maximilien Robespierre
the implementation of the new calendar

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