Midterm Review HIS220

The Byzantine "Eastern Roman Empire" was seen as a continuation of the Roman Empire

The practice of selling church offices is called what?

What century did Emporer Constantine rule?

Select all factors that made up Roman society.

The Abbey of Cluny dedicated strict observance of Benedictine Rule and was founded in:

Saints could be recognized for being martyred.

Quadrivium was made up of which four subjects?

Which of the following was NOT a knightly duty?

Byantine Emperor Justinian left the empire weak due to what factors?

Who was included in those who work [laboratores]?

Charles Martel, mayor of the palace, was instrumental to the start of the Carolingian era.

The Abbasid Dynasty from c. 750-950 was called what:

The Doukids (1059-1081) were overthrown by Seljuk Turks

Which of these figures would be considered part of the 'clergy'?

The main sources on the life of Mohammed the Prophet are: Sira, Hadith, and the Qur'an.

Crucesignati means "signed with the cross"

This image shows the temptation of which Saint?

Which were territories of the Holy Land?

Inquisition: Criminal trial designed by Pope Innocent III (r.1198–1216), set out at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215

The East-West schism occurred under Pope Gregory I.

The below image portrays an aqueduct.

5th century Roman Emporer Romulus Agustulus was deposed by which barbarian general?

The second crusade was considered a big failure for Western forces.

Which of the following is NOT a monastic rule?

After 1291 Christian outposts in the Holy Land were evacuated

Select all Eastern European peoples:

Who was Theodoric the Great (r. 493-526)?

Select all that were part of Christian conversion.

Who was elected first king of Jerusalem?

Which of the following is NOT true of Charlemagne (r.768–814)?

Who was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in c. 962 AD?

Why were the barbarians attracted to Rome?

Which was NOT a consequence of Rome's decline:

The annual sum paid to keep the Danes away from the English was called what:

Some focal points of the Gregorian Reforms in the 11th & 12th centuries were:

Norse activity in the British Isles continued up to c.1263

Islam did not spread until a few centuries after the death of the Prophet Mohammad in 632 AD.

The collapse of the Carolingian empire occurred in the 10th century

The Carolingian and Ottonian renaissance were similar, minus what factor of the Ottonian?

Which of the following vows was NOT required to become a monk?

After Edward the Confessor dies without an heir, who were his 3 claimants to the throne?

The Jewish population in Europe grew and spread from 11th century

Belief that the bread and wine used in the Eucharist are actually transformed into the body and blood of Christ at mass:

Arabic Society before Islam did NOT include this:

Víkingr is an Old Norse word meaning sea-borne pirate or raider

Monks had only one meal per day in Winter.

What are those who sought to rid the empire of idols through reform called?

The Huns were nomadic.

Merovingian royal authority declined in 650-750 due to lack of expansion opportunities and weak rulers.

The Life of Saint Benedict was written by Pope Honorius III.

What was a consequence of the Persian war?

What is asceticism?

Which 2 of the following were consequences of the arrival of St. Columbanus from Ireland in c.590?

Which of the following is NOT true of longhouses?

Learning and literacy was a big part of Charlemagne's renaissance program, as well as:

The Crusades were sparked when Emperor Alexius Comnenus(r. 1081–1118) asked Pope Urban II for help

In the first crusade, which two cities were besieged and captured?

Saint Antony is an example of what type of monasticism?

The 843 treaty of Versaille partitioned the Frankish Kingdom.

When the east of England fell under Viking control, it was called "Danelaw".

The Papacy was extremely instable between the mid-9th and mid-10th centuries.

The rise of the Ottomans occurred in the 11th century onwards.

Gregory of Tours (c. 538-594) wrote the History of the Barbarians.

The fall of the Roman Empire was a sudden apocolyptic event.

Tithes (church taxes) were were 1/5 of all produce.

The sack of Constantinople occurred when?

After Romans left c.410 England was divided into many kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Wessex

The rise of courtly literature & culture of chivalry happened in c.

What 313 Edict officially granted tolerance towards Christians?

Christianity is a religion based on the life and teachings of who?

Which Roman Emperor named Christianity a legal religion?

The Pope was subordinate to Byzantium in the 6th century.

Christianity gained popularity beginning in what century?

By what century had monasticism become integrated into the church and set down roots in Gaul & Italy?

The Franciscan Order likely had 100,000 members by late MA

Which of these figures is NOT known for their works of natural philosophy?

Arabs stayed in the lands they conquered & became a cultivated, wealthy elite.

Benedictine reform and renewed manuscript production/copying occurred in what century:

Who called for a crusade at the Clermont Assembly, launching the first crusade?

The peasantry (those who toil) to 1000 AD were called:

The Mendicant orders (early 13th C) included the Franciscans and the Dominicans

Alfred the Great r.871–899 is often regarded as the first true King of England.

Monasticism comes from the Greek word monos, which means 'alone'.

By 650 CE, the Byzantines were exhausted from wars, plague, and Arab conquests.

The Carolingian renaissance occurred in the 10th century.

In the 9th century, Arabic numbers were introduced, along with what other important concept?

The scandinavian states were unified in the 10th and 11th century.

System through which "those who work"support "those who fight" and "those who pray"

Guilds = associations of individuals with Social, economic, & religious reasons that have Germanic NOT Roman roots

Overall decline in the Middle East occurred in the 11-13th centuries and was NOT due to:

Nucleated village: nucleus of houses surrounded by fields