Life expectancy refers to

the average period that a person may expect to live

According to Piaget, a child in the pre-operational stage of child development would be able to

Use language to convey their wishes

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

getting goose bumps when hearing music in a horror movie

18 month old Sally has learned to tell the dog to sit after she see's her Mum training the dog

This is an example of imitation and modelling

Which of the following best describes sandwich generation?

middle aged adults caught between adjacent generations

As children we learn social skills through interactions with others. These may be learned from

parents, caregivers, siblings and peers

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development refers to

Problems are too hard to solve alone but easier with support

The difference between self-identity and self-concept is

self-concept is a broader and more complex conceptualisation

inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy after 12 months

The "self" is largely a part of our conscious personality. Self identity is:

determined by social and cultural roles we hold in society

Development of trusting relationships with caregivers is a component of which stage theory

Erikson's basic trust versus mistrust

Which of the following describes the Babinski reflex?

when the sole of foot is stroked, the toes fan and curl

In terms of the relationship between identity and intimacy, Erikson believed that:

identity had to be developed before establishing intimacy

Erikson's theory emphasises the importance of which sort of development across the life span?

social (or pyschosocial) development

Which of the following infant reflexes are considered to be "survival" reflexes?

breathing reflex, sucking reflex and swallowing reflex

Bronfenbenner's mesosystem is

Relationships between microsystems eg; home and school

A non-normative event or circumstance would be

something that may differ from majority of people at any age

Bronfenbenner's microsystem is

face to face contact with influential others-family

Human development.....

starts before birth and continues throughout life

Disappearance of a response when a reinforcer is removed

Which of the following toddlers is engaging in a gross motor skill?

Ed, who is crawling up the stairs on all fours

Classical conditioning is related to

neutral stimulus leading to a conditioned response

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Human relationships and life transitions spring 2018

115 termsStudBud Administration2,390 plays

Practice questions

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Questions 115

Answers

1
Young preschoolers believe that even inanimate objects are capable of being alive and conscious
False
True
2
Life expectancy refers to
social and cultural expectations
the average period that a person may expect to live
social and environmental expectations
a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response
3
Operant conditioning uses the principle of
Reinforcement
Stimulus response
Emotional response
Neutral response
4
How many stages are there in Erikson's psychosocial stages?
4
8
6
7
5
How many levels does Bronfenbrenners's ecological system have?
3
4
6
5
6
Piaget's cognitive development has 4 stages. Which age group is "concrete operational"?
Birth to 2 years
11 years to adulthood
2-7 years
7-11 years
7
According to Piaget, a child in the pre-operational stage of child development would be able to
Multiply and divide
Use language to convey their wishes
Conserve mass and liquids
Think in an abstract way
8
School age children can solve abstract, hypothetical problems
True
False
9
Parenting style that may result in antisocial and criminal activities due to lack of nurturing?
uninvolved parenting
peer rejection
permissive parenting
community parenting
10
Spouse's place of work and local government are part of Bronfenbenner's exosystem
False
True
11
All of the following are representative of developmental growth during adolescence except
First job
Puberty
Peak of strength and speed
Some abstract thinking
12
The germinal stage of a pregnancy is
the first two weeks
from week 8 to birth
weeks 3 to 8
conception to birth
13
According to Bowlby infants form specific, clear cut attachments at which of the following ages
7-24 months old
2-7 months old
birth to 2 months old
over 3 years old
14
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
moving your hand away after touching a hot stove
getting goose bumps when hearing music in a horror movie
salivating while sucking a sour lolly
waking up when an alarm goes off
15
"Who am I?" a critical question in adolescence. Erikson says this was resolved in the stage of
trust versus mistrust
identity versus role confusion
autonomy versus shame and doubt
industry versus inferiority
16
Piaget's "Formal operations" stage includes
Abstract thinking
Coordination of sensory and motor activity
Symbolic play
Egocentric view of the world
17
Our self identity often include social group memberships which can define who we are
I don't know
False
Sometimes
True
18
A foetus can be described as
an unborn child
an infant
a baby
a zygote
19
18 month old Sally has learned to tell the dog to sit after she see's her Mum training the dog
This is an example of increased strength during childhood
This is an example of an unconscious conflict
This is an example of imitation and modelling
This is an example of the strengthening of reflexes
20
Which of the following best describes sandwich generation?
people born before 1975
middle aged adults caught between adjacent generations
people born between 1975-1999
when children move out of home
21
As children we learn social skills through interactions with others. These may be learned from
parents, caregivers, siblings and peers
extended family
older siblings
older peers
22
Vygotsky's zone of proximal development refers to
The zone where mature mechanisms develop
Where problems can be solved alone without support
Development of a series of evolved responses
Problems are too hard to solve alone but easier with support
23
In pregnancy, the foetal stage is
the first two weeks
two weeks through to eight weeks
when the baby is born
nine weeks through to birth
24
The difference between self-identity and self-concept is
self-concept is more limited and what we think of ourselves
There is generally no difference between the two terms.
self-concept is a broader and more complex conceptualisation
self-concept only includes what we think of ourselves
25
Infertility is
being able to conceive
the stage of pregnancy after fertilization
being unfaithful
inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy after 12 months
26
How many stages in Piaget's cognitive development?
10
3
8
4
27
The "self" is largely a part of our conscious personality. Self identity is:
cognitive structures including social roles and attitudes
determined by cultural identity only
determined by our age and first name
determined by social and cultural roles we hold in society
28
Development of trusting relationships with caregivers is a component of which stage theory
Bandura modelling and imitation
Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt
Bowlby attachment theory
Erikson's basic trust versus mistrust
29
Children construct sense of self in infancy with ideas of the self based on social categories.
false
partially false
true
partially true
30
Which of the following describes the Babinski reflex?
when held upright, the infant lifts leg in a stepping motion
when there's a loud noise, the infant has a startle response
when the sole of foot is stroked, the toes fan and curl
when the cheek is stroked the infant turns in that direction
31
In terms of the relationship between identity and intimacy, Erikson believed that:
identity had to be developed before establishing intimacy
they typically developed simultaneously
either identity or intimacy could be developed first
intimacy had to be developed before establishing identity
32
Laid on back, a newborn will turn their head to the side. This is descriptive of what reflex
Rooting reflex
Tonic neck reflex
Moro reflex
Babinski reflex
33
Percentage of older adults with Alzhemier's
10-20%
20-30%
40-50%
50-60%
34
Erikson's theory emphasises the importance of which sort of development across the life span?
emotional development
cognitive development
physical development
social (or pyschosocial) development
35
Which of the following infant reflexes are considered to be "survival" reflexes?
breathing reflex, sucking reflex and swallowing reflex
moro reflex, yawning reflex and tonic head reflex
sucking reflex, babinski reflex and grasping reflex
pupillary reflex, eyeblink reflex and stepping reflex
36
Bronfenbenner's mesosystem is
Ideology, social policy, the social contract
Relationships between microsystems eg; home and school
Face to face contact with influential others, eg; family
Settings in which the person does not participate in
37
Operant conditioning is based on the simple principle of.....
modelling
reinforcement
imitation
stimulus-response
38
A non-normative event or circumstance would be
something does that not differ from other people at any age
something that may differ from majority of people at any age
something that does not differ from normative events
something that may differ from minority of people at any age
39
Micro level in Brofenbenner's ecological systems theory would include which of the following?
Social worker who works with children in custody matters
The society's belief that social media is here to stay
Judge who grants a request for a child to be placed in care
The parental relationship
40
Older Australians (65 years and older) prefer to live
In a retirement centre with access to nursing staff
In their own homes
In a nursing home
In hostel accommodation with bathroom facilities
41
Bronfenbenner's microsystem is
face to face contact with influential others-family
an ideology , social policy, shared assumptions
employers, local council, legal systems
connections between home, school, workplace, neighbourhood
42
Human development.....
is formed before self-concept
is a process for exploring human continuity and change
starts before birth and continues throughout life
refers to physical, cognitive and psychosocial development
43
As one ages, crystallised intelligence is likely to___, while fluid intelligence tends to _____
increase; decrease
decrease after adolescence; increase
increase until age forty and then decrease; increase
decrease; remain the same
44
Extinction refers to
Disappearance of a response when a reinforcer is removed
A negative response when punishment is given to a child
A domain of human development
Individuals who are approximately the same age
45
Which of the following toddlers is engaging in a gross motor skill?
Ed, who is crawling up the stairs on all fours
Angelo, who is methodically examining tiny objects
Erica, who is laughing uproariously at a popup book
Nic, who is licking all the melting ice cream off the sides
46
A teenage girl entering puberty at thirteen is an example of a:
non-normative event
normative event
normative and non-normative
unexpected event
47
An early sign of cognitive development in infancy (between 0-1 years) includes
reading
pretend (or symbolic) play
searching for lost objects
problem solving
48
Classical conditioning is related to
Erikson's stage theories
Ainsworth theory
neutral stimulus leading to a conditioned response
negative stimulus leading to a conditioned response
49
The approximate age at which women undergo menopause is 45 years
True
False
50
Which of the following groups are the most disadvantaged?
Single-parent families
Families with higher levels of education but a basic wage
Families with lower levels of education but a basic wage
Families which are child free voluntarily
51
Failure to achieve a sense of intimacy during the early adulthood stage results in a sense of:
despair
stagnation
isolation
depression
52
A scheme or schema is
a non-specific pattern of behaviour
patterns of behaviour in early childhood
patterns of behaviour in adolescence
a specific structure or organised pattern of behaviour
53
Multi infarct dementia accounts for what percentage of organic brain syndrome in adults
20-30%
30-40%
50-60%
10-20%
54
Selected landmarks of infancy (0-1 year) includes
sitting unassisted , crawling, standing and walking
climbing stairs, throwing balls, simple drawings and writing
walking, standing, reaching and grasping objects
bike riding, skillful throwing, standing and using startle
55
Bowlby attachment theory state the emotional ties of the infant to the caregiver assist surival
True
False
56
What factor is most important in the development of expertise?
Experience
creativity
Gender
Age
57
Which aspects of development are all directly affected by early social interactions?
language, attachment, cognitive achievements, emotional
language, attachment, auditory perception, emotional
language, auditory perception, emotional, visual perception
language, auditory perception, emotional regulation, visual
58
An Apgar score given to a newborn at birth assesses which of the following?
HR, breathing, muscle tone, skin colour, reflex irritability
heart rate and muscle tone
heart rate, efforts to breathe, muscle tone
heart rate, efforts to breathe, muscle tone, skin colour
59
Survival reflexes refers to
reflexes we learn across the lifespan
first observable signs of newborn motor responses
reflexes learnt during adolescence
mastery of competence and productivity
60
Piaget's cognitive development has 4 stages. Which age group is "preoperational"?
2-7 years
Birth to 2 years
11 years to adulthood
7-11 years
61
The moro reflex usually present in newborns is a response to which of the following
Loud noise, sudden loss of support, a feeling of falling
When bottom of foot is stroked
Stroking the newborns cheek
When laid on back, head turns to side
62
According to Piaget, a child in the pre-operational stage of child development would be able to
Think in an abstract way
Use language to convey their wishes
Conserve mass and liquids
Multiply and divide
63
Domains of developmental "Growth"
starts before birth and continues throughout life
can only be achieved when moving from one stage to the next
refer to physical, cognitive and environmental development
refer to physical, cognitive and psychosocial development
64
Are infants capable of self-recognition and self-awareness?
Yes
No
65
A non-normative event
may occur at any stage of the lifespan
only occurs in childhood
only occurs in older age
only occurs in adulthood
66
Infant attachment is the beginning of a process of which sort of development?
physical development
social (or psychosocial) development
sociocultural development
moral development
67
Classical Conditioning
is about negative responses
is associated with stimulus-response
refers to the concept of reinforcement
usually refers to canine behaviour
68
Personal identity
is formed after self-concept
starts just after birth
starts before birth
is formed before self-concept
69
Theories of human development consistently demonstrate that....
development is largely active
development is largely passive
it is a continuing process of growth, consistency and change
development is consistent across cultures
70
Five year old Bella is an overly aggressive child. What is the first step her parents could do?
Punish any aggressive behaviour through non-physical means
Isolate Bella from other children when she is aggressive
Observe how Bella interacts with peers and adults
Sketch a plan for the reinforcement of positive behaviours
71
The part of the brain which governs decision-making and is underdeveloped in adolescents is the
Anterior lobe
Frontal cortex
Parietal lobe
Amygdala
72
Approximately what age can an infant roll from stomach to back or side and pull up with help
nine to twelve months
three to six months
birth to three months
over 12 months
73
A normative event of young adulthood would usually be which of the following?
learning difficult mathematical concepts
teenage pregnancy
career consolidation
compulsive hoarding
74
The Behaviourist (or learning) model of human development claims that
all behaviour is biologically determined
all behaviour is based on unconscious processes
behaviour is unconscious processes and the environment
all behaviour is learnt and shaped by the environment
75
Which of the following is a stage theory belonging to Erikson?
Industry versus mistrust
Industry versus inferiority
Industry versus stagnation
Industry versus shame and doubt
76
Friendships play an important role in early adulthood because
Supportive friends help in becoming relying less on parents
Most young adults can afford time with friends
Friends help in building career networks
Friends are needed to help one meet an intimate other
77
The embryonic stage of a pregnancy is
the moment when a male's sperm cell penetrates a female egg
the duration of the pregnancy
the same as the foetal stage
from week two through to week 8
78
In Australia and when compared to men, women
Die earlier than men
Live to 79 years
Live to approximately the same age as most men
Live longer than men
79
Three patterns of attachment observed in strange situations are
secure attachment, attached and detached attachment
secure attachment, insecure attachment, anxious attachment
secure attachment, anxious-resistant, anxious avoidant
insecure, attached and detached attachment
80
In girls, the range of on-set puberty is
Between 13-16 years
Between 17-18 years
At 12 years of age
Between 9-17 years
81
Which of the following is considered a stage theory?
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment
Erikson's psychosocial theory of development
the concept of lifelong growth
domains of physical, cognitive and psychosocial development
82
The preoperational stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development begins when a child can
form mental representations of objects and events
group objects into logical categories
tell that 2 things have the same amount , although different
apply specific logical operations to answer questions right
83
Which of the following is an example of task-based coping?
problem-solving
crying
writing an essay
listening to music
84
Two broad categories of coping are
Task-based and control-based
Emotion-based and task-based
Task-based and stress-based
Emotion-based and control-based
85
All of the following help to maintain good cognitive functioning in later life except
living in favourable circumstances
limiting the need to adapt to new circumstances
personal satisfaction with one's accomplishments
absence of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases
86
What is resilience associated with
A sense of impulsive behaviours
A sense of weakness
A sense of coherence, hardiness and positive growth
A sense of belonging
87
Infants can express emotions such as joy, surprise and anger at approximately which age?
Between 4 and 7 months
At just over one year old
Between 4 and 24 months
Not before one year of age
88
Process a child uses to modify existing schemas when exposed to new information is called
compensation
assimilation
schema building
accommodation
89
Incorporation of new information into existing mental frameworks (schemas) is
Assimilation
Accommodation
Modelling
Attachment
90
Piaget's cognitive development has 4 stages. Which age group is "formal operational"?
7-11 years
2-7 years
11 years to adulthood
Birth to 2 years
91
Low self-esteem results from a negative self-concept. Self concept consists of:
what others think about us
our social position only
what we think of ourselves only
social roles, individual attitudes and self evaluative ideas
92
By the second year of life a securely attached child will have developed a basic sense of
identity
trust versus mistrust
autonomy and guilt
industry and inferiority
93
A theorist who emphasisied observational learning was
Erikson
Bandura
Ainsworth
Piaget
94
Fear of strangers is an abnormal response in infants and toddlers and indicates insecurity
this statement is false
this statement is neither true or false
this statement is true
it depends on the individual child
95
Fluid intelligence is which of the following?
the ability to process both old and new information
the ability to remember childhood events
the ability to process new information in novel situations
the ability to process old information in novel situations
96
A supportive way of nurturing the new mother is to
make sure she has all the necessary information for feeding
give advice about baby development so she can monitor weight
ensure the mother's own needs for well-being are met
offer to baby sit
97
Vygotsky developed the theory of
Attachment
Zone of proximal development
Adult development
Modelling and imitation
98
Erikson's theory and Vaillant's stages are both normative-crisis theories
False
True
99
Piaget's cognitive development has 4 stages. Which age group is "sensorimotor"?
2-7 years
Birth to 2 years
11 years to adulthood
7-11 years
100
Theorist Bandura proposed...
Zone of proximal development
Modelling and imitation
Attachment theory
Adult development
101
Which parental style exerts a high degree of control but is responsive to the child's feelings?
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
Uninvolved
102
According to Erikson, intimacy versus isolation occurs between what ages?
20's and 30's (early adulthood)
40's to 60's (middle adulthood)
7-11 years (latency period)
60's onwards (old age)
103
The need for relationship closeness begins in
Childhood
Adolescence
Infancy
Early adulthood
104
Debate about what shapes our genetic makeup and the extent how we are shaped by our environment
the nature-nature debate
the nature-nurture debate
the novice-nature debate
the nature-aspire debate
105
Any substance which can potentially harm a pregnant women's foetus at any stage of pregnancy
organogensis
teratogen
toxoplasmosis
the germinal phase
106
The idea that objects exist even when hidden, develops in the sensorimotor stage is called
object permanence
symbolic play
peek-a-boo
object relevance
107
Development of the self begins with
self-awareness in childhood
self-awareness and self-recognition pre-birth
attachment to grandparents
self-recognition in infancy
108
Peer pressure is
The ability to form friendships in early childhood
Influence from member's of one's peer group
Having no influence by peers
Pressure a woman feels during labour
109
What is the main difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative adds stimulus, punishment takes away a stimulus
There is no difference between these two concepts
Negative reinforcement strengthens, punishment suppresses
Punishment has physical consequences, negative does not
110
When they become unemployed, older workers are more likely than younger workers to:
Have negative effects such as severe depression
Be satisfactorily reemployed because of experience
Be hired quickly because of work connections
Voluntarily take time off before seeking another position
111
Lifespan development is defined as
the processes for exploring human continuity and change
starting before birth and continues throughout life
the physical, cognitive and psychosocial development.
a process formed before self-concept
112
Which of the following statements about self-concept is true?
begins in childhood through self-awareness and play
develops in adolescence as children gain more independence
begins in infancy with self-recognition and being separate
begins at birth by recognising familiar sights and smells
113
What is meant by the term "empty nest"?
when a person experiences feeling's of despair
when a person reaches the stagnation stage
when adults move out of home
when children move out of home
114
According to Piaget, in what stage do children use symbolic thinking to understand the world?
sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs)
concrete operational (7-11 yrs)
formal operational (12+ years)
Preoperational (2-6 yrs)
115
A non-normative event
only occurs in adulthood
only occurs in childhood
only occurs in older age
may occur at any stage of the lifespan

Human relationships and life transitions spring 2018 Flashcards | StudBud