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National Counselor Exam Questions
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1
The fear of death:
is an almost exclusively male phenomenon
is greatest during middle age.
surprisingly enough occurs in the teen years.
the number one psychiatric problem in the geriatric years
2
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to:
b. defenses of the ego.
c. the sensorimotor intelligence stage.
d. a specific psychosexual stage of life.
a. volume or mass.
3
Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with:
attraction
cognition and attitude formation.
cognitions and emotion.
4
A client who's incorporated his father’s values (good or bad) into his beliefs is a product of:
rationalization
rationalization
introjection
displacement
5
A family that is stable and reaches an equilibrium is in a state of:
enmeshment
adaptability
Nonsummativity
homeostasis
6
Which is more important, validity or reliability?
They are equally important.
Reliability
Validity
It depends on the test in question.
7
Trust versus mistrust is:
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development
essentially equivalent to Piaget’s concept of egocentrism
an Adlerian notion of morality.
the basis of morality according to Kohlberg.
8
Freud postulated psychosexual stages:
manifest, latent, oral, and phallic.
id, ego, and superego
eros, thanatos, regression, and superego.
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
9
In psychoanalytic family therapy the word object means:
countertransference
a significant other with whom a child wishes to bond.
a dream.
transference
10
A client would generally feel the most suspicious of others in...
a group with co-leadership, also known as co-facilitation.
the intimacy stage.
the group formation/exploratory stage.
the final stage of separation or termination.
11
Robert Kegan speaks of a “holding environment” in counseling in which...
biofeedback training is highly recommended.
the client can make meaning and can find new direction.
the activity of meaning making is discouraged.
the client is urged to relive a trauma in an encounter group
12
Jean Piaget’s theory has four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is:
formal operations, concrete, preoperations, sensorimotor.
concrete, sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations.
formal, preoperations, concrete, sensorimotor.
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete, formal operations.
13
A counselor who utilizes the term
instinctual
technically means:
behavior results from unconscious aggression.
behavior that manifests in all members of a species
women will show the behavior to a higher degree thanmen.
14
A leader who wishes to stop inappropriate discussion should rely on...
blocking.
summarization.
liking.
clarification.
15
You find yourself sexually attracted to a client. This is known as
negative transference
countertransference
positive transference
ambivalent transference
16
Today, the Stanford-Binet IQ test is
a projective measure.
a standardized measure.
a nonstandardized measure.
17
Experiential conjoint family therapy is closely related to the work of:
Jay Haley.
AlbertEllis.
Virginia Satir
Salvador Minuchin, the father of structural family therapy.
18
All of these theorists could be associated with the analytic movement except:
Wolpe
Jung
Freud
Adler
19
John Bowlby’s name is most closely associated with...
the work of psychologist and pediatrician, Arnold Gesell
bonding and attachment
developmental stage theories
the unconscious mind.
20
In the 1920s, Emory Bogardus developed a social distance scale which evaluated:
disadvantaged youth
how an individual felt toward other ethnic groups.
language barriers between Black people and Asian people.
socioeconomic trends
21
Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in many groups is:
using a male and a female coleader.
setting too many goals.
that the leader uses a democratic style.
a lack of goal setting.
22
Freud postulated psychosexual stages:
id, ego, and superego.
manifest, latent, oral, and phallic.
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
eros, thanatos, regression, and superego.
23
Most ethical dilemmas are related to:
research.
confidentiality
testing.
diagnosis
24
Skinner’s operant conditioning is also referred to as
learning via insight
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
cognitive learning
25
State laws can govern title usage and practice, however, they
do not
govern:
licensure
accreditation
counselor licensure
involuntary commitment to state psychiatric facilities.
26
The NCE is:
an achievement test.
a personality test.
an aptitude test.
an intelligence test.
27
_______ emphasized the drive for superiority...
Constructivist therapists.
Freud and Jung.
Adler.
Jung.
28
The researcher who is known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in monkeys is:
John Bowlby.
LawrenceKohlberg.
all of the above.
Harry Harlow.
29
The zone of proximal development
was pioneered by Piaget and Kohlberg.
emphasized organ inferiority.
a, b, and c
was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky.
30
Cloe Madanes and Jay Haley are associated with the _______ school of family counseling.
object relations
psychodynamic
strategic
behavioral
31
The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account:
personality.
individual change throughout the life span.
job requirements.
relevant psychometric data.
32
When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, he or she is technically referring to
the prognosis.
attending behavior
the diagnosis
the intervention
33
The tendency to affiliate with others...
is based on hormonal output.
is highest in firstborns and only children
is highest in the middle child.
is highest in dysthymics.
34
Mark wants to stamp out porn. He is involved in this cause so that he can view the material:
introjection
reaction formation
rationalization
projection
35
Gestalt therapists sometimes utilize the exaggeration experiment which most closely resembles:
freeassociation
paradox as practiced by Frankl, Haley, or Erickson.
paraphrasing with emotional reflection.
successive approximation
36
Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions is a curative process known as:
reflection of emotional content.
resistance
accurate empathy
catharsis, or abreaction.
37
The MMPI-2 is:
a neurological test.
an IQ test.
a standardized personality test.
a projective personality test.
38
Shoulds and oughts are _______ according to Ellis.
rational
masturbations
musturbations
awfulizations
39
In social psychology, the
sleeper effect
asserts that:
one forgets the communicator but remembers the message.
REM sleep facilitates insight.
one remembers the communicator but forgets the message.
sleep learning facilitates social skills.
40
An expert who has reviewed the literature on TV and violence would conclude that:
watching violence tends to make children more aggressive.
watching violence makes children less aggressive.
in reality TV has no impact on a child’s behavior.
what adults see as violent, children perceive as caring.
41
Ethnocentrism:
uses one’s own culture as a yardstick to measure all others.
is a genetic term.
means race
42
_______ is behavioral sex therapy.
classical vegotherapy
sensate focus
orgone box therapy
conditionedreflextherapy
43
A reliable test is _______ valid.
80%.
90%.
always
not always
44
When development comes to a halt, counselors say that the client:
b. suffers from a phobia.
a. has “learned helplessness” syndrome.
d. is displaying the risky shift phenomenon.
c. suffers from fixation.
45
The word dynamic means the group is
defined in an operational manner
always changing.
static.
normal.
46
A group member who asks other members inappropriate questions is known as a Peeping Tom or:
an interrogator.
a follower.
a scapegoat.
an energizer.
47
In a projective test the client is shown...
something that is highly charged from an emotional place
a and b.
neutral stimuli.
something which is highly reinforcing.
48
In girls the Oedipus complex may be referred to as:
b. covert desensitization.
d. the Electra complex.
a. systematic desensitization.
c. in vivo desensitization.
49
Regardless of culture, the popular individual
has good social skills.
never possesses a modal personality.
values race over ethnicity.
dresses in the latest styles.
50
A valid test is _______ reliable.
always
never
80%
not always
51
In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents:
a separate culture
a separate race
a separate national culture
the silent middle class
52
The sequence of object loss that goes from protest to despair to detachment, is the work of:
Erikson.
Freud.
Bowlby.
Adler on birth order.
53
In a healthy group, members...
are flexible and can change roles.
have no roles.
spend a great deal of time practicing role reversal.
assume a role and never change it.
54
A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout could best be described as:
a mesomorph
wise to use his experiences to help others.
a paraprofessional
an impaired professional.
55
Formal diagnosis, also known as nosology, is most closely related to the _______ model.
cognitive-behavioral.
rational-emotive behavior therapy.
medical
behavioral
