APWH Unit 2 Vocabulary Review

The traditional legislative body of France

A political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies

Work by Martin Luther where he laid out his arguments against the Roman Catholic Church

The expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

The bloodless overthrow English King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English Throne

The 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal

Movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason & the concept that education & training could improve society

A sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity

An extension of the Italian Renaissance that took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance

Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century

A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land & the labor of Native Americans on that land to European Colonists

In the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent

Principles that govern nature

Manchurian rule of China beginning in 1644 and lasting until 1914

Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands

A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents

Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

The belief of Protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell

Reform movement in Roman Catholic Church that occurred in response to the Protestant reformation.

The feudal rulers of Japan who moved the capital to Edo. They ruled from 1603 to 1868.

A small, easily steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations

A practice of the Ottoman empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries

Peoples from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty

In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent

Economic policy where there was a limited amount of wealth & a country must obtain as much wealth as possible

Replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers & provided fair wages

An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making

An economic concept that holds that the government should not interfere with or regulate business and industries

A white marble mausoleum built at Agra, India, by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (fl. 1628-58) for his favorite wife

Passage through the North America Continent that was sought as a route to trade with the east

The portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas

French Enlightenment social thinkers

The Hindu custom of secluding women

Practice of Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who don't follow church teachings

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary & educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534

Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution

The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God

A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament

In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe.

The concept that the sun is the center of the solar system

Russian Nobility

The exchange of food, crops, livestock, & disease between Eastern & Western hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus

The idea that god was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws

Movement began by Martin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs & practices of the Roman Catholic Church

Self-rule

A European intellectual movement in the seventeenth century that established the basis for modern science

Rulers who controlled most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

A way of gaining knowledge by means of direct observation or experience.

An agent with trade privileges in early Russia

A document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins

The church in Constantinople that was converted to a mosque after the Ottoman conquest

The recapture of Muslim-held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492

The eighteenth-century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas