AP Biology: Chemistry Basics Review

Polar molecules carry a slight electrical charge at opposite poles and non-polar molecules do not carry a charge

Anions possess a positive charge whereas cations possess a negative charge

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ________.

Electronegativity refers to:

The number of ______ determines the identity of the element and defines the atomic number of the element.

Bond that forms when the metal atoms loses electrons and the non-metal atom gains electrons.

Adding energy to the electrons makes them move _________, losing energy causes them to move __________.

Elements who have 8 valence electrons are considered to have satisfied the octet rule

Bond resulting from the sharing of valence electrons between atoms

Subatomic particles that carry a negative charge

These are temporary intermolecular attractions. (Usually a fraction of a second.)

Subatomic particles that do NOT carry a charge

The Valence shells is where the innermost electrons are located on an atom

Fairly weak (compared to covalent and ionic bonds) intermolecular attractions that occur between polar molecules

Something that has a pH of 11 is considered

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of an element

Subatomic particles that are located OUTSIDE of the nucleus

Subatomic particles that are located in the nucleus

E levels of e- shells are where the electrons are located with an atom or molecule

Subatomic particles that carry a positive charge