San Ildefonso Pueblo artist Maria Martínez achieved the decorative black-on-black effect of the ceramic vessel shown by

firing it outdoors using an oxygen-reduction technique

The designs used for San Ildefonso black-on-black pottery reflects the influence of which of the following traditions?

Prehistoric pottery sherds found in the Southwest during the 20th century

The Great Serpent Mound was created in eastern Ohio during the Mississippian period by people who

piled up soil to create the form of a serpentine creature

The use of imported materials like tiny colored glass beads & silk ribbons on Bandolier bags were intended to show the

function of the bags as indications of the wearers’ social status

The Coyolxauhqui Stone was placed at the foot of the Templo Mayor staircase in order to communicate that the goddess

had been thoroughly humiliated and defeated

Lintel 25 from Yaxchilán, depicting Lady Xoc, is recognizable as a Mayan work because of its

hieroglyphics, decorative patterns, & richly dressed figures during rituals

When a Kwakwaka’wakw transformation mask was used in a ceremony, the audience would feel that the wearer was

filled with energy from ancestors or spirit forces

Because of the way Kwakwaka'wakw transformation masks function, artists who create them have to

plan for and design two completely different images

The specific imagery on Kwakwaka’wakw transformation masks is primarily influenced by

the clan association of the person qualified to dance the mask

This illustration of an ancient stele from Chavín de Huántar demonstrates the use of contour rivalry through

ambiguous shapes interpreted as multiple depictions of different forms, inclusion of abstract forms that imply the movements of the artist’s body

The design of the Templo Mayor as a double pyramid signifies the

dedication of the temple to two different deities important to the Aztecs

Hide paintings in the late 1800s were important to Shoshone artists because of the response the hide paintings got from

Euro-American tourists, who were eager to buy them

The pot shown and its decoration both suggest that its creators had a desire to

harmonize the ornamentation with the form of the vessel

In the painted elk hide attributed to Cotsiogo (Cadzi Cody), freehand painting and stenciling were likely used to create

an energized surface with repeated colors and motifs

The fact Lady Xoc is the focus of Yaxchilán lintels, such as the one shown, underscores the

power & influence of the royal women of Yaxchilán in determining rulership

The material and shape of object shown from Chavín de Huántar indicates its likely function as a

nose ornament belonging to a high-ranking individual

The stone masonry at Machu Picchu employed socketing, a structural technique that

protected against damage caused by earthquakes

The first Inkan emperor, Pachacuti Inka Yupanqui, had Machu Picchu built to serve as a

site for conducting administrative affairs and ceremonies

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Questions 25

Answers

1
San Ildefonso Pueblo artist Maria Martínez achieved the decorative black-on-black effect of the ceramic vessel shown by
mixing the wet clay with pigments made from obsidian
firing it outdoors using an oxygen-reduction technique
firing it in a closed kiln at a controlled temperature
painting it with carbon-based pigments after firing
2
The designs used for San Ildefonso black-on-black pottery reflects the influence of which of the following traditions?
Textile patterns and production techniques used throughout the Southwest
East Asian porcelain imported during the early 20th century
Prehistoric pottery sherds found in the Southwest during the 20th century
Early Mississippian pottery traded in the American Southwest
3
The Great Serpent Mound was created in eastern Ohio during the Mississippian period by people who
piled up soil to create the form of a serpentine creature
excavated the site to reveal an underground serpentine form
stacked stones to create a serpentine form between burial sites
cleared tall prairie grasses to reveal existing serpentine ridges on a hill
4
The use of imported materials like tiny colored glass beads & silk ribbons on Bandolier bags were intended to show the
function of the bags as indications of the wearers’ social status
extinction of the animals that had provided traditional materials
political power of the wearer, who received the materials as tributes
desire for the bags’ materials to reflect light during ceremonial dances
5
The Coyolxauhqui Stone was placed at the foot of the Templo Mayor staircase in order to communicate that the goddess
was an important deity of warfare
had been thoroughly humiliated and defeated
had been transformed into corn following her death
was associated with the underworld
6
The sculptor of this relief communicates which person has the highest status primarily by means of the figures’
clothing
hand gestures
placement
facial expressions
7
Lintel 25 from Yaxchilán, depicting Lady Xoc, is recognizable as a Mayan work because of its
hieroglyphics, decorative patterns, & richly dressed figures during rituals
animals in human actions, geometric simplification, & hierarchical scale
natural drapery, landscape setting, & shading to create illusionistic space
precious materials, continuous narration, & a figure in meditation
8
When a Kwakwaka’wakw transformation mask was used in a ceremony, the audience would feel that the wearer was
binding the community together so that all would gain strength
trying to capture the unwary and take them to a spirit’s house
being purified as a first step in an initiation ritual
filled with energy from ancestors or spirit forces
9
Because of the way Kwakwaka'wakw transformation masks function, artists who create them have to
make the images as frightening as possible
make detailed studies of any animal represented
purchase glass beads from European traders
plan for and design two completely different images
10
The iconography of the painted elk hide, attributed to Cotsiogo (Cadzi Cody), refers to his ancestor's reliance on
farming in the Desert Southwest
hunting on the Great Plains
fishing on the Pacific Coast
farming in the Eastern Woodlands
11
This fan demonstrates the Aztec tradition of
featherwork
repoussé
relief carving
back-strap loom weaving
12
The specific imagery on Kwakwaka’wakw transformation masks is primarily influenced by
the materials available to the carver and the animals associated with them
the animals associated with the season in which a carver creates the mask
the clan association of the person qualified to dance the mask
the relationship between the carver and the person who commissions the mask
13
This illustration of an ancient stele from Chavín de Huántar demonstrates the use of contour rivalry through
ambiguous shapes interpreted as multiple depictions of different forms
inclusion of abstract forms that imply the movements of the artist’s body
inclusion of both frontal & profile views to present the figures full body
use of repeated curling shapes contrast with vertical & horizontal lines
14
The design of the Templo Mayor as a double pyramid signifies the
dualistic nature of the Aztec’s patron deity as a god of war and peace
dedication of the temple to two different deities important to the Aztecs
division of power in the Aztec Empire into worldly and religious leadership
original creation of the Aztec Empire out of two independent kingdoms
15
Hide paintings in the late 1800s were important to Shoshone artists because of the response the hide paintings got from
national museums, which sought them for growing collections
Euro-American tourists, who were eager to buy them
tribal leaders, who wanted them for recording events
other Shoshone, who wore them during ceremonies
16
The pot shown and its decoration both suggest that its creators had a desire to
harmonize the ornamentation with the form of the vessel
imitate the syncopated rhythms of jazz music
incorporate a wide variety of values, hues, and textures
create works depicting the local landscape and vegetation
17
The round room in the foreground of the photograph is a
stupa
mihrab
kiva
atrium
18
In the painted elk hide attributed to Cotsiogo (Cadzi Cody), freehand painting and stenciling were likely used to create
curvilinear plant motifs that contrast with geometric patterns
an energized surface with repeated colors and motifs
a Great Plains landscape with monochromatic tones
composition divided into small squares that each contain different symbols
19
The fact Lady Xoc is the focus of Yaxchilán lintels, such as the one shown, underscores the
belief of the Maya that only royal women were able to connect with spirits
daily nature of royal participation in Mayan ritual bloodletting ceremonies
power & influence of the royal women of Yaxchilán in determining rulership
role of women in Mayan society as protectors of homes and sacred places
20
The miniature garden at the Inka temple of Qorikancha included sculptures of maize cobs made from
wool and cotton fibers
colorfully dyed feathers
thin sheets of metal
cedar wood
21
The detail of a stone wall demonstrates Inka expertise with
buttressing
corbeling
ashlar masonry
bas-relief
22
Which work demonstrates the continued importance of the Andean textile tradition?
Bayeux Tapestry
All-T’oqapu tunic
Hiapo (tapa) cloth
Bandolier bag
23
The material and shape of object shown from Chavín de Huántar indicates its likely function as a
diadem used to adorn a statue of a god in a private shrine
trade object used as a type of ancient currency
nose ornament belonging to a high-ranking individual
votive object given to a deity for the fulfillment of a wish
24
The stone masonry at Machu Picchu employed socketing, a structural technique that
guided water through retaining walls during torrential downpours
eliminated the need for traditional mortar
protected against damage caused by earthquakes
locked boulders of all shapes and sizes firmly in place
25
The first Inkan emperor, Pachacuti Inka Yupanqui, had Machu Picchu built to serve as a
retreat that offered respite from the hot Cusco summers
site for conducting administrative affairs and ceremonies
highly guarded fortress that offered military protection
sacred training ground for the emperor’s priestly advisors

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