The big problem with the switch to multi-processing is that (43)

Programmers have to think differently

In binary, subtracting a large positive number from a small positive number produces (75)

A one in the left bit of the result

Expects chip capacity to change about every two years

An embedded computer is distinguished from other types of computers by the fact that it (6)

Primarily runs a single, predetermined application

To create all conditions for branches, MIPS uses which set of instructions? (93)

The $0 register, slt/slti and bne/beq

The problem with one's-complement representation of negative numbers was (79)

It was more difficult to implement than twos-complement

The C code "d = a - e" could be represented in MIPS assembly as (65)

sub $t0, $t1, $t2 #where d=$t0, a=$t1 and e=$t2

A major difficulty in determining performance is that it (26)

Can be measured in different ways

Immediate operands are (72)

Data located in the instruction itself

How can a CPI of less than 1.0 be achieved? (39)

Issuing multiple instructions per clock cycle

SPEC benchmarks are (46)

A long-standing set of standard test programs

Each time the cost of computing goes down (4)

New opportunities put processors into new areas of life.

What is the primary difference between active matrix displays and liquid crystal displays? (17)

The active matrix display controls intensity of each pixel.

What is the job of an assembler? (15)

Translates assembly instructions into machine instructions

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Quiz 1

127 termsStudBud Administration154 plays

Chapter 1, Question #'s 1-142 (With some exceptions due to question/answer length)

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Questions 127

Answers

1
Which has the least influence on the performance of a computer running a program? (10)
The I/O System and Devices
The Processor
The Algorithm Chosen
The Power Supply Wattage
2
The notion that integrated circuit resources double every 18-24 months is known as (11)
Moore's Law
Amdahl's Law
Ohm's Law
Boyle's Law
3
Which is not one of the five classic components of a computer (17)
Display
Memory
Datapath
Control
4
The compiler can affect CPI (39)
True
False
5
An increase in which of the following has the greatest effect on CPU power consumption (41)
CPI
Voltage
Switching Frequency
Capacitive Load
6
Which describe two steps in the chip fabrication process? (26)
Slipping and shipping
Waxing and faxing
Testing and resting
Slicing and dicing
7
The total time required for a computer to complete a task, including overhead is called (29)
CPU Time
Execution Time
Application Time
Absolute Time
8
The big problem with the switch to multi-processing is that (43)
Performance measures are very different
More heat-sinking is required
Programmers have to think differently
The chips are more difficult to manufacture
9
Which instruction does the MIPS processor not have? (87)
Shift Left Logical (SLL)
SUBI
ADD
ADDI
10
In binary, subtracting a large positive number from a small positive number produces (75)
An overflow condition
A zero in the leftmost bit of the result
A one in the left bit of the result
An underflow condition
11
The fastest access to data is via (64)
Cache
Main Memory
Registers
Disk
12
The chip manufacturing process begins with (26)
A silicon ingot
Photolithography
Checking the wafer for defects
Slices of silicon about 0.1" thick
13
What operation wound combine 0x80000000 with 0xC0000000 to produce 0x40000000? (89)
XAND
NOR
NAND
XOR
14
Which area of performance improvement is out of the scope of this course (9)
The I/O System
Algorithms
Memory Systems
Programming Languages
15
Moore's Law (11)
Says performance improvements are limited by the problem
Expects chip capacity to change about every two years
Underscores the importance of parallelism
Says to optimize tasks that are frequently performed
16
All MIPS instructions have (81)
Immediate data
Length of 32 bits
A function code
Embedded memory addresses
17
The chip fabrication process begins with (26)
A Die
A Package
An Ingot
A Wafer
18
How many Branch instructions does the MIPS processor recognize? (90)
Four (BNE, BEQ, BEZ, BNZ)
Three (BNE, BEQ, BEZ)
One (BRN)
Two (BNE, BEQ)
19
In MIPS, data is moved to and from memory using (68)
Branch instructions
R-type add and subtract instructions
Load and Store instructions
I-type add and subtract instructions
20
If machines run the same program with the same CPI, what does execution time depend on? (38)
Number of Memory Accesses
Cache
Clock Cycle Time
The Paging Algorithm
21
What do we call the binary representation of machine instructions? (14)
Machine Language
Source Code
Assembly Language
Bytes
22
Instructions * CPI / GHz is (35)
Run time in seconds
Run time in nanoseconds
Average CPI
The number of instructions executed
23
Current IEEE 802.11 wireless technology allows for data transfer rates of up to (24)
1 gigabit per second
10 megabits per second
1 megabit per second
100 gigabits per second
24
An embedded computer is distinguished from other types of computers by the fact that it (6)
Must survive harsh operating conditions
Has strict power requirements
Primarily runs a single, predetermined application
Is built into an incredibly small space
25
To create all conditions for branches, MIPS uses which set of instructions? (93)
The $0 register, slt/slti and bne/beq
sll, srl, beq, bne, and the $zero register
blt, bgt, lgbt
j, jne, jeq, jal and the $zero register
26
The problem with one's-complement representation of negative numbers was (79)
There is no such thing as one's complement
It was more difficult to implement than twos-complement
There were more positive numbers than negative
It confused the programmers
27
The C code "d = a - e" could be represented in MIPS assembly as (65)
SUB a, e, d
sub $t0, $t1, $t2 #where d=$t0, a=$t1 and e=$t2
SUB d, e, a
sub $t0, $t2, $t1 #where d=$t0, a=$t1 and e=$t2
28
Which of the following indicators are inversely proportional to performance? (31)
Bandwidth
Instructions per second
Memory bits transferred per second
Execution time
29
Performance is inversely proportional to execution time (30)
False
True
30
Performance and execution time are (30)
The Same Thing
Inversely Related
Exponentially Related
Proportionally Related
31
A major difficulty in determining performance is that it (26)
Can be affected by other components in the computer
Can be measured in different ways
Is largely independent of the processor itself
Takes a long time to do accurately
32
How many bits in a MIPS instruction are allocated for immediate data (84)
15
12
8
16
33
A terabyte is 2^___ bytes (5)
10
40
30
20
34
Which is not a "great idea" in computer architecture? (12)
Flash Cache
Branch Prediction
Pipelining
Memory Hierarchy
35
Multiple SPEC ratios are combined using (47)
Covariance
The Geometric Mean
Logarithms
The Arithmetic Mean
36
Immediate operands are (72)
Data located in the instruction itself
Data located in cache
Data located in main memory
Data located in registers
37
A sequence of instructions without branches in the middle is call a(n) (93)
Subroutine
Text
Code Segment
Basic Code Block
38
Besides cost, what is important in selecting a computer for a particular application? (29)
Limitations in performance
The speed of the network card
Range of power supply voltages the machine will tolerate
The size of the screen
39
How can a CPI of less than 1.0 be achieved? (39)
Faster clock cycle time
Executing fewer instructions
Issuing multiple instructions per clock cycle
Shorter instructions
40
SPEC benchmarks are (46)
Obsolete because of recent innovations in chip design
A long-standing set of standard test programs
A brand new way to measure performance
Unreliable because testers cheat
41
Each time the cost of computing goes down (4)
The risks associated with processor failure increase.
New opportunities put processors into new areas of life.
It's more difficult for hackers to create effective exploits
The cost of big IT project failure goes up.
42
Energy efficiency can be an important performance goal (50)
False
True
43
A key to the future of computation is (43)
Making computer science courses harder
Creating lower-power processors
Understanding parallelism
Doubling the size of computer science programs
44
What is the primary difference between active matrix displays and liquid crystal displays? (17)
LCD pixels are more expensive than active matrix pixels.
The LCD makes its own light.
The active matrix display controls intensity of each pixel.
The active matrix display consumes less power.
45
What is the job of an assembler? (15)
It translates source code into byte code
It executes machine instructions
It optimizes loop structures
Translates assembly instructions into machine instructions
46
One of Hennessey and Patterson's design rules is (46)
Memory is cheap
Get the product to market as soon as possible
Make the instruction set as compact as possible
Make the common case fast
47
The main reason for the shift from uniprocessors to multi-core processors was (40)
iPhones and iPads
The Internet
Personal Mobile Devices
The Power Wall
48
Negative numbers can be represented in binary (75)
False
True
49
The vocabulary of the CPU is the (62)
Programs
Datapath
Architecture
Instruction Set
50
What is the native, binary form of instructions used by the processor? (81)
Byte Code
Machine instructions
Intermediate Language
Assembly language
51
If four-byte alignment is required, at which address could an integer not be stored? (70)
0x00ABFEDC
0x0041791C
0x0041000E
0x00123454
52
Alongside the computer revolution is the ______ revolution (4)
Information
Travel
Leisure
Electrical
53
What is not an advantage of high-level code (16)
It improves programmer productivity
It produces the most compact run-time code
It allows machine independence
It is closer to natural language
54
Which language will have the most lines of code to implement a sort algorithm? (66)
Python
Assembly code
C#
C++
55
What is the generic name of instructions which move data between the processor and memory? (68)
Data transfer instructions
Memory Control
Branch instructions
Arithmetic instructions
56
The info. tech. industry accounts for about __ of the U.S.A.'s gross national product (3)
50
60
30
10
57
The rectangular area on a wafer containing the circuitry for a single chip is a(n) (27)
Imprint
Die
Mask
Module
58
Which is not a field in the MIPS instruction format? (88)
op
precision
rt
shamt
59
The execution time of a program is related to (35)
Number of instructions times the average CPI for the program
The number of instructions times the clock speed
The average CPI times the clock speed
The number of instructions divided by the clock speed
60
The abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest level of software is called the (22)
Operating system
Instruction set architecture
Machine design specification
Application programming interface
61
Cycles Per Instruction (CPI) must be an integer value (35)
False
True
62
The measure of the frequency of instructions of certain types across program(s) is the (39)
Instruction Set Architecture
Instruction Mix
Program Count
Average CPI
63
You can calculate execution time by the formula (34)
Instructions x CPI * Clock speed
Instructions / CPI / Clock speed
Instructions / (CPI Clock speed)
Instructions x CPI / Clock speed
64
Instruction Set Architecture has to do with (22)
The layout of circuits on the CPU chip
The size and shape of the computer
The interface between the lowest level software and hardware
Die Yield
65
The shamt field in the MIPS instruction is use for which instruction? (88)
SLL
XOR
SLLI
SLT
66
In the last 30 years, tech. revolutions begun by a new computer design were cut short by (3)
Laws
Presidential Decree
Even Faster Computers
Foreign Competition
67
Which results in better performance? (34)
Increased CPI
Decreased Clock Rate
Decreased CPI
Increased Instruction Count
68
In the instruction "add $s0, $s1, $s2", $s1 and $s2 are (67)
Memory Locations
Operands
Outputs
Immediate Values
69
The iPad accelerometer and gyroscope (20)
Were originally in the iPad design but are now of little use
Significantly shorten battery life
Provide three-axis information to the CPU
Sense six degree-of-freedom motion
70
Which instruction field is 6-bits long? (82)
Rt
Op Code
Imm
Rs
71
A conditional branch is appropriate for (92)
A subroutine call
Termination of a program
A loop
Jumping to a new location
72
In twos complement notation, the most negative value is (79)
0x0000
0xfffe
0x0001
0x8000
73
Which kind of parallelism is not discussed in computer organization and architecture? (10)
Data-Level Parallelism
Thread-Level Parallelism
Circuit-Level Parallelism
Instruction-Level Parallelism
74
The percentage of good dies on a wafer is called (27)
Profit
The Yield
The Beneficial Margin
The Success Rate
75
The role of the personal computer is now being replaced by the (7)
Super Computer
Cloud
Personal Mobile Device
Wearable Computer
76
The easiest conversion is from (82)
Decimal to Binary
Hexadecimal to decimal
Binary to decimal
Hexadecimal to binary
77
Which 16-bit hex value would represent a negative number? (74)
0x7777
0x0001
0x8001
0x100f
78
Memory alignment means (69)
More than one word can be read from memory at once
Dynamic RAM is faster than Static RAM
Similar data items are placed next to each other in memory
The bottom two bits of a MIPS instruction address must be 0
79
Which is an example of improving bandwidth? (30)
Moving dorms closer class so students can get there faster
Faster cash registers in the cashier lanes
More open cashier lanes in the food court
More streamlined procedures for cashiers in the food court
80
What is the vocabulary of commands understood by the processor? (62)
The byte code
The instruction set
The intermediate code
The assembly language
81
In a 32-bit MIPS instruction, the location of bit 0 (the least significant bit) (74)
Is on the left
Is on the right
Varies by memory manufacturer
Depends on the instruction
82
The BEQ and BNE instructions are (90)
Not Jumps
Unconditional Branches
Labels
Offsets
83
Which memory is non-volatile? (23)
ROM
Cache
SRAM
Main Memory
84
What is the job of an assembler (15)
Run assembly code
Translate assembly code into machine language
Translate source code in to assembly code
Link together code modules into a single executable module
85
The primary technology used in fabricating computer chips is (41)
3D printing
Tunneling
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
NAND-flash
86
Which is not a MIPS type of instruction? (82)
B
I
R
J
87
Yield is primarily affected by (28)
Wafer Defects
N and P Doping
Etching Chemistry
Transistor Size
88
To get a better picture of CPU performance (47)
Tests are run multiple times
Customers are allowed to assess CPU performance on their own
A suite of benchmark programs is used
Industry has standards for honesty and integrity in testing
89
The concept of cloud computing is most closely associated with (7)
Vague Computing
Personal Mobile Devices
Warehouse Scale Computing
Transaction Processing
90
Which is not one of the eight great ideas in Computer Architecture? (11)
Fail Early
Make the Common Case Fast
Performance via Pipelining
Reliability via Redundancy
91
Applications running on servers are particularly sensitive to (32)
Disk Performance
Cache Memory
The Amount of Main Memory
I/O Time
92
To refer to each of the 32 MIPS processor registers, an instruction needs (83)
32 Bits
6 Bits
5 Bits
4 Bits
93
The CPU time spent in the O.S. performing tasks on behalf of a program is called (32)
Wasted Time
Execution Time
System CPU Time
User CPU Time
94
The time it takes a computer to complete a task is an example of (29)
Response Time
Clock Frequency
Bandwidth
Consistency
95
MIPS conditional branch instructions require the comparison of (90)
rs and rd
rt and rd
One register to zero
rs and rt
96
CPU A has a CPI of 3 and CPU B has a CPI of 2. What is the performance difference? (38)
0.33
It cannot be determined
0.67
1.5
97
The typical MIPS immediate instruction (e.g., ADDI, SUBI) references how many registers? (72)
Two
Five
Three
Four
98
A major problem in measuring performance of a computer is (28)
It can be measured several ways
It is impossible to match conditions from run to run
Laughing at a English translation of the instruction manual
Variations in the manufacturing process
99
Idling computers consume a tiny fraction of the power they use at full load (50)
True
False
100
The advantage of capacitive sensing is that (19)
It allows you to point with toes as well as your fingers
It can more precisely locate the point of touch
It requires less power than other types of touch screens
It allows multiple touches to be detected at the same time
101
Which is not a factor in CPU power consumption? (41)
Supply Voltage
Instruction Length
Switching Frequency
Capacitive Load
102
Which of the following types of memory is nonvolatile? (23)
DRAM
Flash
SRAM
DIMM
103
Silicon is a (25)
Insulator
Conductor
Semiconductor
Transductor
104
Which set of binary numbers are the two's complement of each other? (76)
00000011 11111100
00000000 11111111
00000001 00000000
00000001 11111111
105
Two important laws in computer performance are (19)
Moore's and Amdahl's
Ampere's and Ohm's
Amdahl's and Planck's
Moore's and Ampere's
106
For a given method, which language will have the most lines of code?
C/C++
Assembly
C#
Java
107
Which signed byte has the smallest value? (95)
0x01
0x0f
0x80
0x7f
108
Understanding the hardware layer (8)
Makes you a Better Programmer
Provides for a Steady Income
Is the Key to an Early Retirement
Builds Character
109
Which of the following does not result in performance gains? (45)
Higher Voltage Requirements
Prediction
Pipelining
Memory Hierarchies
110
Why do the addresses of integers stored in main memory need the last two bits set to 0? (69)
The data bus is only 30 bits wide
The cache can operate more efficiently
Data can be located anywhere in memory
There is an alignment restriction
111
A problem with flash memory is that (23)
It loses its memory when power is turned off
The number of writes are limited
The bits are easy to write but difficult to read
It is cheaper but slower than magnetic media
112
Which signed number is the same as 0x80? (78)
0x7FFFFF80
0xff08
0x80FFFFFF
0xff80
113
The iPad processor is the (21)
AMD Barcelona
Intel Xeon
ARM A5
Core i7
114
Which instruction is commonly used for a subroutine call? (96)
bne
jr $ra
jal
beq
115
Machine A is 4x faster than machine B. B runs an app in 30 sec. How fast can A run it? (33)
10 sec
120 sec
7.5 sec
90 sec
116
Execution time is the only valid measure of performance (52)
True
False
117
Which is not a characteristic of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) (20)
It operates on a slower clock than the CPU
It takes very little power
It is the most dense in terms of bits per area on a chip
It is one of the fastest types of random access memory
118
The contents of a memory in register $s1 may be expressed as: (64)
Mem[Regs[$s1]]
Regs[$s1]
4($s1)
Mem[$s1]
119
The average number of clock cycles per instruction (CPI) in a program is an integer value
True
False
120
Which is not in the hierarchical layers of a system? (13)
I/O Software
Applications Software
Systems Software
Hardware
121
The principle of prediction is based on the idea that (12)
When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
You should eat dessert first.
If you don't succeed at first, try, try again.
It is better to ask for forgiveness than ask for permission.
122
On which of the following does execution time not depend? (34)
Number of Instructions Executed
Amount of System Memory
Clock Cycle Time
Average Cycles per Instruction
123
Most liquid crystal displays (LCDs) now rely on ______ technology (18)
Advanced Module
Amplitude Modulation
Faster Raster
Active Matrix
124
Memory which retains its contents while powered off is called (22)
SRAM
Non-volatile
Volatile
DRAM
125
The interface between low-level hardware and software is called (78)
The instruction set architecture
The interpreter
The operating system
Cache
126
Adding more cores to a processor will not improve performance if (49)
More cores means more power consumption
No part of the program can be done in parallel with another
The cores are all the same size
Program execution speed depends on the clock frequency
127
Inside the CPU, what activity does the datapath perform? (19)
Arithmetic operations
Tells the memory what to do
Translates assembly instructions into binary code
Moves data to and from the central processor

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