Midterm review 2018

an estate granted to a vassal by his lord

the Islamic system of law

the art of beautiful handwriting

the Frankish leader who conquered the former Roman province of Gaul

a system used to force Native Americans to labor under brutal conditions

an Aztec emperor

parents and children living together as a unit

the trade route that transported African slaves to the Americas

showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit

people who take financial risk to make profits

started a printing revolution

the appointment and installation of bishops by non-clergy

a great leader of the Ottoman empire

a grassy plain

the founder of the kingdom of Mali

the city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici fam

an ancient African kingdom on the upper Nile River

local Hindu rulers

more food than is needed

the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not

a religious French king who improved royal government

an artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane

a religious group that has broken away from an established church

the chief builder of the Mughal empire

a group of households claiming a common ancestor

the English king who signed the Magna Carta

a wandering musician

directed the building of churches carved out of rock in Ethiopia

the sacred text of Islam

a campaign to drive Muslims from the Iberian peninsula

artistic decoration of books in the Gothic style

a salaried worker in the guild system

a trainee in the guild system

language meaning “of the coast” that emerged in East Africa

an economic policy based a nation exporting more goods than it imports

the use of reason to support Christian beliefs

the Holy Roman Emperor who fought to control wealthy northern Italian cities

the Spanish who vanquished the Americas

a government run by religious leaders

the slender towers of mosques

a mounted warrior

proposed a heliocentric model of the universe

the name for a successor to Muhammad

wrote the history of Persia entitled Book of Kings

the everyday languages of ordinary people

an explorer who fought and subdued the Aztecs

the founder of the first order of friars

an outbreak of rapid-spreading disease

the elite forces of the Ottoman army

the West African kingdom that grew around the wealthy trading city of Gao, its capital

a thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began

authority over all secular rulers

those who ruled Spain’s colonies in the name of the Spanish monarchs

wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power

a waterfall

a peasant bound to the land

a document that set out the rights and privileges of a town