How did Filipino nationalists generally respond to Duterte’s China policy, according to the study ?

They supported it for its emphasis on autonomy and non-alignment

Which common assumption about nationalism does the study call into question ?

That nationalism always supports assertive, anti-foreign postures

What group showed greater skepticism toward Duterte’s hedging approach, as found in the research ?

Citizens with higher levels of formal education

What is the primary objective of a hedging strategy in foreign policy ?

To simultaneously engage with rival powers while minimizing dependency

What significant move did Duterte make for the welfare of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) ?

Created the Department of Migrant Workers

Why did Duterte's pivot to China not result in a strategic realignment ?

Chinese investments largely failed to materialize

Hedging with China, the Philippines benefit from

Saw rise in Chinese workers and investors

What are the three pillars of the Philippines’ foreign policy ?

National sovereignty, economic development, protection of OFWs

What does the hedging strategy aim to achieve in foreign policy?

Engagement with rival powers to avoid dependence

How did Duterte's foreign policy approach reflect a hedging strategy ?

Kept U.S. alliance and expanded China trade

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post activity -IR 406

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Questions 15

Answers

1
How did Filipino nationalists generally respond to Duterte’s China policy, according to the study ?
They viewed it as a betrayal of Philippine sovereignty
They rejected engagement with China in favor of military confrontation
They were divided, with most favoring a return to U.S. dependency
They supported it for its emphasis on autonomy and non-alignment
2
Which common assumption about nationalism does the study call into question ?
That nationalism consistently results in alignment with democratic values
That nationalism is incompatible with economic globalization
That nationalism always supports assertive, anti-foreign postures
That nationalism promotes regional cooperation over bilateral alliances
3
What group showed greater skepticism toward Duterte’s hedging approach, as found in the research ?
Individuals with strong ethnic identity ties
Political supporters of anti-globalization movements
Respondents from rural regions with low internet access
Citizens with higher levels of formal education
4
What is the primary objective of a hedging strategy in foreign policy ?
To simultaneously engage with rival powers while minimizing dependency
To commit fully to one global power to maximize benefits
To withdraw from all major power alliances to ensure neutrality
To avoid strategic ambiguity in international relations
5
Duterte challenged the UN, despite the Philippines' historic support for democracy and human rights.
False
True
6
The 1987 Philippine Constitution permits the use of war as a tool of foreign policy.
True
False
7
The Philippines has consistently prioritized its national interests over choosing between the U.S. and China.
False
True
8
What significant move did Duterte make for the welfare of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) ?
Created the Department of Migrant Workers
Allowed OFWs to vote remotely
Established a new embassy in the U.S.
Increased deployment quotas
9
Who were more likely to oppose Duterte’s approach to China?
Rural workers
Highly educated individuals
Less educated citizens
Nationalists
10
Why did Duterte's pivot to China not result in a strategic realignment ?
The U.S. objected too strongly
Public opinion was against it
ASEAN rejected it
Chinese investments largely failed to materialize
11
Hedging with China, the Philippines benefit from
Received China’s aid for development
Got US$193.5M in U.S. military aid
Joined Balikatan military exercises
Saw rise in Chinese workers and investors
12
What are the three pillars of the Philippines’ foreign policy ?
Environmental protection, trade expansion, cultural exchange
National sovereignty, economic development, protection of OFWs
Military expansion, international tourism, regiona cooperation
Cybersecurity, infrastructure building, humanitarian aid
13
Duterte's emphasis on a foreign policy that "will dependent on the United States economically”
True
False
14
What does the hedging strategy aim to achieve in foreign policy?
Full alliance with a stronger power
Engagement with rival powers to avoid dependence
Isolation from global affairs
Total neutrality from international politics
15
How did Duterte's foreign policy approach reflect a hedging strategy ?
Cut U.S. ties and joined China’s military bloc
Focused on ASEAN over major powers
Kept U.S. alliance and expanded China trade
Withdrew from both U.S. and China relations

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