What does the stability/change debate argue?

Are the critical periods in development

What does passive/active debate argue?

If children are just automatically responding to stimuli, If children are purposefully active in their environment

When babies are born with cataracts what consequences does this have?

problems with facial recognition

Which is the INCORRECT statement about Bowlby's ethological theory?

It has been disproved by other evidence

Gender schematic means...

they conform to what toys their gender should play with

How did Martin and Little (1990) support this theory?

children use gender before language

Adoptive agencies seek to find adoptive parents who are...

are of the same ethnicity & religion

Why has the avaibilty of healthy young babies decreased?

More socially acceptable to have babies young

Why can traumatic childhoods lead to diseases such as colitis, IBS and ulcers?

Stress shuts down bowls causing under development

Which is the correct set of features that make up the internal working model?

Assurance, confidence, expectation

Gender aschematic means...

they play with the toys they find fun

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Developmental

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UOR Lectures 1-7

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Questions 123

Answers

1
Eich believed children were aware of genders from what age?
2 months
2 years
6 months
18 months
2
Van den Boom found that after training, mothers had a more ____ outcome.
Negative
Positive
3
When did childhood start to be recognised as a distinct period of development?
18th Century
16th Century
Ancient Greece
Medieval Times
4
Rubin (2006) found that peer relations become more ___ in middle childhood.
essential
salient
important
5
Mothers talk about science differently to boys than girls
false
true
6
How do stressful events effect attachment?
make stability less
make stability higher
stability stays the same
7
What does the stability/change debate argue?
Are the critical periods in development
Do stability and change at home effect development
Does a child need a stable environment
8
'Eat a small amount of chocolate' ...
Superego
Ego
ID
9
What is NOT a symptom of attachment disruption
Weight loss
Unresponsiveness
Depression
Crying
10
How many stages are there in Bowlbys ethological theory?
3
6
5
4
11
Aged 4-7 peer relationships are...
loyal
trusting
playmates
12
What is the best way to study the nature nurture debate?
sibling studies
Meta analysis
twin studies
13
Which of the following is NOT a bidirectional influence (Bronenfenners, 1979).
School
Nutrition
Religion and culture
Extended family
14
Most psychologists support the qualitative side?
False
True
15
Females have more ___ in their brains.
frontal cortex mass
sulci and gulci
grey and white matter
16
What does passive/active debate argue?
If children are just automatically responding to stimuli
What factors make a child passive or active?
If development makes a child passive or active
If children are purposefully active in their environment
17
Who emphasised the role of feeding in the attachment process?
Ainsworth
Bowlbly
Freud
18
Attachment varies across cultures
false
true
19
What does an electrophlogram do?
Measures brain waves
Measures synapses
senses which brain regions are active
20
_% of bystanders encourage bulling.
10
20
30
40
21
Aged 8-10 peer relationships are...
playmates
trusting and helping
intimate
22
What is the best way to measure BFT?
Hormone level studies
Post natal depression studies
Sibling studies
Twin studies
23
In Lorenz and Tinbergens (1930) study, what did they find duckling did to the young boy?
Mothered him
Did not imprint, wrong animal
Imprinted
24
Which is NOT a reason that some people are bullies?
Gain status
low status
learnt behaviour
behavioural problems
25
Nickman et al (2005) found that adopted children are more likely to have...
gene defects
illness
learning difficulties
26
The naughty step has ___ findings.
negative
positive
mixed
27
When babies are born with cataracts what consequences does this have?
problems with facial recognition
Problems with long sight
Problems with object perception
They are blind for life
28
Biological differences can be harmful to adoptive families.
False
True
29
From what years does early childhood to middle childhood last?
6-15
6-11
2-11
0-10
30
Which is the INCORRECT statement about Bowlby's ethological theory?
focuses the stages on observable changes
it's too prescriptive due to biological focuses
unclear how attachment develops in broken family units
It has been disproved by other evidence
31
Gender schematic means...
they conform to what toys their gender should play with
they play with they toys they find fun
32
People are friends based on...
interests
Proximity
similarity
hierarchy
33
What is the highest age bracket for adoption?
1-4
5-9
10-15
<1
34
Who found that boys display more aggressive behaviour in play?
Hollard, 1995
Rubin, 2004
Doyle, 2006
35
Boys and girls have equally emotional relationships
true
false
36
How did Martin and Little (1990) support this theory?
both
can discriminate faces from 12 months
children use gender before language
37
As a child enters late childhood their enjoyment of time spent with family decreases.
false
true
38
Who stated that play is a base for social interaction?
Hollard, 1995
Rubin, 2010
Pellegrini, 2009
39
Negelctive parenting often results in...
Low GPA
both
delinquency
40
Uninvolved parenting often results in...
Drugs and alcohol
bad grades
aggression
41
Rutter (1998) found that how many mental health conditions in each Romanian adopted child.
3
1
4
2
42
Authoritative parenting has ___ results from school grades.
negative
positive
mixed
43
Adoptive agencies seek to find adoptive parents who are...
In the same area as birth
are of the same ethnicity & religion
have cared for children before
44
Why has the avaibilty of healthy young babies decreased?
less money for surrogacy and adoption
More socially acceptable to have babies young
Babies are typically less healthy now
45
Some of those in the Romanian orphanage showed psychological dwarfism
false
true
46
At what age do children gain a broader range of stereotypes
13 years
7 years
11 years
14 years
47
Why can traumatic childhoods lead to diseases such as colitis, IBS and ulcers?
stress shuts down the pancreas so everything is un filtered
Stress shuts down bowls causing under development
the stress releases a damaging hormone into the bowels
48
Which is the correct set of features that make up the internal working model?
Assurance, affection, expectation
Assurance, confidence, affiliation
Assurance, confidence, expectation
49
Gender aschematic means...
they play with the toys they find fun
the children conform to which toys their gender should have
50
Which is the main correct reason that we still have families today?
Shared labour
Survival
Emotional support
51
Children are very fixed in gender judgment
false
true
52
Permissive parenting often results in...
poor grades
average grades
Good grades
53
Bowlby suggested that emotion comes into attachment after __ weeks?
3
12
6
1
54
Levitt found that in teenage years friendship becomes...
more relaxed
more supportive
more important
55
Ages 11+ peer relationships are
playmates
trusting and helping
loyal and understanding
56
Resistant attachment types are often the result of
maternal rejection
trauma
Psychologically unavailable mothers
57
Choo et al (2013) found evidence that...
good attachment = lower delinquency
good attachment = high IQ
bad attachment = low IQ
58
The better the communication in the family the better the _____.
language proficiency
emotional development
IQ
59
What does a mechanist believe
That a child is purposeful in their environment
That children are shaped by the environment
That a child is passive in their environment
60
A large group of friends based upon stereotypes are...
a clique
a circle
a tribe
a crowd
61
Children act more ___ with same age companions
social
harmoniously
quietly
Aggressively
62
'I won't eat chocolate because I'm on a diet' ...
Ego
ID
Super ego
63
Academically talented children cannot be popular
false
true
64
How does socio-economic status effect attachment?
Low SES = low stability
High SES = high stability
Low SES = high stability
65
Q-Sort scores are reliable for the ___ but not the ___.
experimenters, parents
parents, experimenters
66
A meta-analysis found that adopted children have a lower IQ
False
True
67
What is the study of Etheology?
The study of development from an evolutionary perspective
The study of behaviour from observation
the study of development based on the skull
68
Which are the two correct main types of rejected children
aggressive and withdrawn
aggressive and victimised
aggressive and depressed
69
Karavasilis et al (2003) found a positive correlation between...
authoritative parenting & low delinquency
authoritative parenting & secure attachment
authoritative parenting & insecure attachment
70
Gender identity is...
A persons perception if they are male or female
children adopting gender relevant behaviours
71
Peer rejection does not always have a massively bad effect
true
false
72
Reticent behaviour is the first step from..
parallel play
solitary activity
isolated play
73
Fagot (1984) found that...
Boys are less accepting of boys who play with girls toys
boys have more of a hierarchy
Boys are more aggressive than girls
74
Berry found a correlation between watching TV and ...
bullying
stereotyping
sexuality
75
The Baby X experiment found that...
adults unknowingly talk to girls quietly
adults unknowingly are more aggressive towards boys
adults unknowingly give babies gender related toys
76
Adopted children have a more similar IQ scores to their adoptive parents than biological
False
True
77
In early childhood __% of time is spent playing with peers
60
15
50
30
78
Adrenal Hyperplasia (male hormone) made female rats display...
more active behaviour
more masculine behaviour
more feminine behaviour
79
Who started the nature nurture debate?
Charles Darwin
Plato
Piaget
Jen-Jaques Rousseau
80
What did Jean-Jacques believe?
That rough rearing methods should be used
That children are innately good
That children needed toys to develop motor abilities
That children were born of sin
81
'I want chocolate' - which of the biological drives would this be?
Super ego
ID
Ego
82
Some places in USA have banned gay and lesbian adoption.
True
False
83
Why do children develop schemas
to from opinions of the world
help organise large amounts of info
to fit into the social norms
84
Who discovered that children are highly bias towards their clique?
Rubin 2006
Sherif & Sherif 1953
Doyle 2004
85
Which of the following is NOT a listed factor that might influence development
pets
Nutrition
Siblings
Genetics
86
Antisocial children cannot be popular
true
false
87
Who was NOT an influential theorist for infant attachment?
Ainsworth
Bowlby
Jung
Freud
88
Kohlberg's 3 phases were in reference to child ___ gender.
exploring
understanding
biological development of
Developing
89
Avoiding attachment types are often the result of...
psychologically unavailable mothers
Trauma
maternal rejection
90
What type of play does cooperative and associative play lead to?
group play
parallel play
social play
91
At what age of delayed adoption are the children less likely to have a BFF in the future?
8
10
4
5
92
What type of play established dominance?
role play
it
rough and tumble
social play
93
What age brackets do children spend less time with family and more with peers?
13-18
15-18
9-15
94
What is the aim and outcome of cliques?
social needs
mating
emotional support
protection
95
Which is the correct order of Freuds stages of development?
Oral>anal>phalic>genital>latency
Oral>phalic>anal>latency>genital
Oral>anal>phalic>latency>genital
96
Disorganised attachment types are often the result of
Trauma
maternal rejection
psychogically unavavilable mothers
97
What does ERP stand for?
electrical ration potential
Event related potential (brain wave)
electrogen related potential
98
Which religious movement revoked the use of harsh rearing methods for children?
Puritanism and Protestantism
Tabula Rosa
Enlightenment
99
Abnormally low levels of cortisol were found in the saliva of the Romanian orphans
True
False
100
What type of play leads to cooperative & associative play?
isolated play
parallel
social play
101
Which is the correct order for Kohlberg's cognitive development theory?
Gender consistency, identity, stability
Gender identity, stability, consistency
Gender stability,, identity, consistency
102
How does a secure attachment type effect peer relations?
more intimate
more long lasting
more supportive
Larger network
103
What % of infants have a secure attachment to their caregiver?
60%
55%
65%
80%
104
The Baby X experiment was performed by...
Smith and Loyde, 1978
Gilman et al, 2004
Sherman, 2014
105
Reinforcement makes an activity have ___ participation.
less
the same
more
106
Gender typing is...
Children adopting gender relevant behaviours
a child's perception of their gender
107
Hasset, 2008 found that monkeys prefer
opposite gender toys
their gender typical toys
all toys equally
108
Gershoff found that aggression and antisocial behaviour is associated with...
Physical punishments
emotional abuse
Trauma
109
What does an optimist believe?
That children are active within their environment
That children are active within their environment
110
What does the qualitative VS quantitative debate argue?
If children develop continuously or in stages
If children develop themselves or by observation & mimicry
If all children follow the same developmental path
111
Those who were adopted from the Romanian orphanage often caught up after __ years.
2
6
8
4
112
Which is the MOST dependent on genes
physical features
IQ
personality
113
Girls indicated that boys could do more jobs than they could, who ran this barbie experiment
Gilman, 2004
Sherman and Zurbriggen, 2014
Smith and Llody,, 1978
114
What does the normative/individual debate argue?
If they develop through observation
If they develop continuously or in stages
If they develop socially or biologically
If children all follow the same developmental path
115
Most children choose toys based on their gender stereotypes
true
false
116
What did enlightenment change for children?
started to be seen as in an age of development
Were not born of sin
Started to be seen as blank slates
117
What is an example of studying child behaviourism
Lorenz & Tinbergen 1930
Watson, 1930
Barron 1984
118
Parents simplicity reinforce gender stereotypes
True
False
119
Reticent behaviour is when...
play with peers
playing with adults
playing with peers present
120
A small group of friends with similar interests and backgrounds are...
a clique
a crowd
an intimate circle
a circle
121
Children who are rated highly by some but low by others are...
rejected
controversial
popular
122
How did Martin et al (1995) support Kolberg's theory with his schema theory?
Found children conformed to being told which toys boy/girl
found that children use gender before language
123
Ainsworth described attachment as being ____ bond.
habituated
affectional
evolutionary
innate

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