Resistance theory says people...

Do behaviours because they are told not to

Phasic Attention is...

Pupils react to sight/conceptualisation of what you are looking for

Wood (1982) found that ppts with high knowledge _____, while those with low knowledge ____

Resisted the message, Shifted attitudes

Which of these is NOT a challenge of focus groups

people dont like to talk about themselves

What did Hall say about flirting

if someone is interested in you, you probably missed it, if you think someone isn't interested you're probably right

3 important broad scientific points

triangualtion, context, credibility

The mosaic approach is...

Getting participants to gather their own data

Which of these is NOT an aspect of Alex Osborne's (1957) 'Group Decision Making'

Wild ideas are not valued or welcome

Which of these is a benefit of Snowball Sampling

Useful for hard to find participants

The 'saturation point' is...

When no more data can be gathered from participants

Which of these is NOT a mental representation of expected associations as a YOUNG ADULT

People get what they deserve, both rewards and punishments

ask interviewees if they know anyone else interested

Goodboy and Brann (2010) research

focus groups looking at flirting rejection

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Thinking about human behaviour

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Minority influence is effective because it....
Kicks in bottom-up process
Elicits conversion/innovation (Moscovici, 1985)
Activates System 2 processing
All of the above
2
Subjective discomfort when social relations lack some important feature VS Objective state of being apart from others
Loneliness VS Aloneness
Aloneness VS Loneliness
3
With increased arousal we are able to learn
Variable Plasticity
Gin Plasticity
Tonic Plasticity
Arousal Plasticity
4
Resistance theory says people...
Do behaviours because they are told to
Aren't motivated to defend belief, habits & emotions around their worldview
Are motivated to defend beliefs, habits & emotions around their worldview
Do behaviours because they are told not to
5
Phasic Attention is...
Focusing on information that fits your preconceieved notions
Percieving reality as if it confirms your worldview
Attending to what you know as learning is a high energy activity
Pupils react to sight/conceptualisation of what you are looking for
6
Minority influence is most effective when the minority is ______ the majority
A subsect of
Similar to
Different to
The same as
7
Cialdini et al., (1978) - study asking students to go to an early experiment - Which compliance method
Door in the face
That's not all
Foot in the door
Low ball
8
Isengard(2004) - politically motivated are __ likely to consume ___ political media
Less, Direct
Less, Congruent
More, Direct
More, Congruent
9
Which of these did Brehm (1966) propose
Public Commitments
Knowledge Defence
Persuasive Reactance
Attitude Inoculation
10
Which of these is NOT an aspect of the Yale Method
Source of Communication
Quality of Communication
Variety of Communication
Target Audience
11
When there is a mismatch between expectation and reality, you experience
Neither
Stress
Both
Increased cortisol production
12
Minority influence is most effective when ____, not _____ (Wood et al., 1994)
Strong, Gentle
Consistent, Rigid
Gentle, Strong
Rigid, Consistent
13
What is qualitative research
the what, how and why
numerical data
the how much and how many
interviews
14
Which is better for persuasion...
Highly Fear Inducing
Barely Fear Inducing
No Fear At All
Moderately Fear Inducing
15
Wood (1982) found that ppts with high knowledge _____, while those with low knowledge ____
Shifted attitudes, Resisted the message
Resisted the message, Shifted attitudes
16
A reason that studying the persuasive effect of the media is difficult
All of the above
Retrospective self-report is fallible (self-presentation bias)
What is the direction of causality?
Self-selection - we are not passive viewers of content
17
Which of these is not a key feature of individual interviews
Balance
Group discussion
Openness
Sensitivity
18
Which of these is NOT a way of ensuring trustworthiness of data in individual interviews
Legible
Credible
Transparent
Systematic
19
Which of these is NOT a challenge of focus groups
dealing with a group
participant interest in topic but not personally invested
balance between homogentiy and heterogenity
people dont like to talk about themselves
20
Which of these is a source of non-interactive qualitative data
Lab study data
Multiple choice options in surveys
Open text boxes in surveys
Interview questions
21
When a yoked dyad exerts more effort on a valued task than one person working alone
Social Compensation
Social Loafing
Kohler Effect
Group Decision Making
22
What did Hall say about flirting
if someone is interested in you, you probably missed it
you never know when someone likes you
if you think someone isn't interested you're probably right
flirting is fun
23
Using multiple different sets of data from one experience is...
Triangulation
Researcher credibility
Inter-rater reliability
Multation
24
Consuming media that validates our existing attitudes and filtering out information that defies our attitudes is...
Phasic Attention
Episodic Attention
Interest Attention
Selective Attention
25
Conformity is ____ for ambiguous tasks (Coleman, Black & Mouton, 1958)
More variable
Higher
The same
Lower
26
Which of these is NOT an example of Source Certainty
I definitely saw that man commit the crime
The best Italian meal I've ever had
I think it will rain later
There will absolutely be an increase in stock prices
27
Which of these is not a technique in compliance
High ball
Door in the face
That's not all
Foot in the door
28
Why does hypocrisy work in persuasion
Ego Defence
Neither
Cognitive Conflict
Both
29
System 1 is... and System 2 is...
Central, Peripheral
Peripheral, Central
30
3 important broad scientific points
circlation
triangualtion
context
credibility
31
Deviants in a group expect (Gerard & Rotter, 1961) and recieve (Dautsch & Gerard, 1955) more ___ evaluations from others
Informative
Shallow
Negative
Positive
32
Which of these is NOT a theory of social facilitation/inhibition
Social Loafing
Evaluation Apprehension
Distraction-Conflict
Mere Presence
33
Complying with an initial, small request will lead to compliance with a later, larger request
Door in the face
Foot in the door
That's not all
Low ball
34
The 'Halo Effect' is...
Most effective when not personally important
Likely to be System 1 processing
All of the above
An aspect of Source Attractiveness
35
Which of these is NOT an aspect of when people conform
Commitment to the group
Group size
Group unanimity
Desire for commanilty
36
Definition: The desire to be liked may lead us to change our public behaviour but not our private opinions
Correctional Influence
Changeable Influence
Informational Influence
Normative Influence
37
The mosaic approach is...
Getting participants to gather their own data
Having at least 4 researchers observing an interview
Collecting many, smaller pieces of data and collating them together
Allowing participants in interview to have free discussion
38
When people exert effort to compensate for others in the group
Kohler effect
Group Decision Making
Social Compensation
Social Loafing
39
Which of these is NOT an aspect of French & Raven's (1959) Sources of Power
Reward
Legitimate
Expert
Naive
40
Which of these is NOT an aspect of qualitative research
How many
What
How
Why
41
Which of these is NOT an aspect of Alex Osborne's (1957) 'Group Decision Making'
Combine and Improve ideas later
Wild ideas are not valued or welcome
No criticism of ideas
High volume of ideas desired
42
Which of these is a benefit of Snowball Sampling
Covers a broad range of people, representative of the population
Useful for hard to find participants
Allows for statistically random samples
Easy to acquire large sample sizes
43
The 'saturation point' is...
When a participant experiences strong negative emotion and can't continue
When no more data can be gathered from participants
When a sample has reached its maximum size for the study
When snowball sampling is no longer effective
44
Which of these is NOT a mental representation of expected associations as a YOUNG ADULT
Ed Sheeran makes great/terrible music
There is generally a right and wrong
People get what they deserve, both rewards and punishments
Liberalism/Conservatism/Populism is the right path
45
Which of these is NOT a mental representation of expected associations as a BABY
There is a right and wrong
I can securely attach to my attentive caregivers
Objects still exist even if I can't see them
Goldfish crackers taste better than broccoli
46
As we get older we have more expectations and learn abstract concepts, this is because...
Our cortex is getting bigger
We are exposed to more experiences
Our cortex is getting smaller
We are exposed to more people
47
Semistructured interviews are more flexible than unstructured
True
False
48
If the discrepancy between expectation and reality is too great, this activates...
Both
Neither
System 2
System 1
49
Snowball sampling
selecting people likely to be relevant to the study
selecting people based on some form of system
throw snow at people and see if they want to participate
ask interviewees if they know anyone else interested
50
Goodboy and Brann (2010) research
focus groups looking at flirting rejection
focus groups looking at flirting acceptance
individual interviews looking at flirting acceptance
individual interviews looking at flirting rejection
51
System 1 and System 2 are aspects of the...
Dual Process Theory
System Bifocus Theory
Depth of Process Theory
Motivational Focus Theory
52
Floyd Allport (1920) found that ppts generated ___ arguments when with others, but also ____ arguments
More, Poorer
Less, Better
More, Better
Less, Poorer
53
Agreeing to an initial set of conditions and still complying when the conditions change for the worse
That's not all
Foot in the door
Door in the face
Low ball
54
Moscovici (1985) found that...
Restaurants & hotels that request positive online reviews get negative ones
More knowledge allows System 1 to defend worldview with lower effort
People seek media content that is congruent with their own ideals
Almost 1/3 of ppts reported seeing at least 1 green slide - minority effect
55
Qualitative data is used to gain further insight
False
True
56
The tendency to work less on a collective activity than when alone
Kohler Effect
Taylor Berry Effect
Social Loafing
Social Compensation
57
Pennebaker & Sanders (1976) found that...
The sign that included 'under any circumstances' produced less graffiti
Both signs produced more graffiti
Both signs produced less graffiti
The sign that included 'under any circumstances' produced more graffiti
58
First studies coding the content of broadcast media found that on TV ___ outnumbered ___ 3-1
Minorities, Majorities
Males, Females
Females, Males
Majorities, Minorites
59
What is qualitative research
Numbers
Words
60
Purposive sampling
selecting people you like most
selcting people based on looks
seleting people based on some sort of system
selecting people likely to be relevant to research
61
Small 'attacks' on our beliefs - engage pre-existing attitudes, commitments & knowledge - to counteract larger 'attacks'
Public Commitments
Knowledge Defence
Persuasive Rectance
Attitude Inoculation
62
Which of these is NOT an aspect of Argument Vividness
Colourful, interesting, memorable
Narrative
Use of numbers
Use of visceral image/story
63
2 Heuristics: Estimating the likelihood of events, Interpreting experienced events
Availability Heuristic, Representativeness Heuristic
Representativeness heuristic, Availability Heuristic
64
The tendency to perform better in the presence of others than when alone
Distraction-Conflict
Social facilitation
Social inhibition
Mere presence
65
When people feel their freedom to behave is threatened-Unpleasant state of resistance aroused-Reduced by doing behaviour
Public Commitments
Attitude Inoculation
Knowledge Defence
Persuasive Reactance
66
A sample that contains a variety of participants from a shared experience (e.g. a child, carer and parents) is known as?
Purposive sampling
Stratified purposeful sampling
Convenience sampling
Deviant case sampling
67
Refusing an initial, large request will lead to compliance with a later, smaller request
That's not all
Foot in the door
Low ball
Door in the face
68
Which of these is NOT associated with 'heavy viewers' (5 hours per day) of Prime time TV
Overestimate prevalence of violent crime
Endoring more prejudiced views
Assume women have relatively limited abilities
Assuming there are more men than women worldwide
69
Emarketer 2022 stated people spend an average of ___ hours ___ minutes online
8, 11
10, 19
6, 24
7, 43
70
The tendency to perform worse in the presence of others than when alone
Social facilitation
Social inhibition
Mere presence
Distraction-Conflict
71
Cialdini et al., (1975) - study asking students to chaperone juvenile delinquents to the zoo - Which compliance method?
Door in the face
That's not all
Low ball
Foot in the door
72
Assuming that, because coming up with 12 examples of unassertive behaviour is difficult, you must be assertive
Risk Assessments in the Representativeness Heuristic
Behavioural Judgements in the Availability Heuristic
Behavioural Judgements in the Representativeness Heuristic
Risk Assessments in the Availability Heuristic
73
Which of these is NOT an aspect of Argument Quality
Appeal to core values/motivations
Argue for own self-interest
Getting people to care
Explicit conclusion
74
Taylor, Berry & Block (1958) - Output of brainstorming - groups of 5 vs 5 working alone, group generated ____ ideas
Weaker
Stronger
75
Definition: The desire to be right usually leads us to change our minds and behaviour
Correctional Influence
Informational Influence
Changeable Influence
Normative Influence
76
The shared attention effect (elicits deeper processing)
All of the above
When aware that others are watching the same event
Splitting your attention between two or more co-occuring events
When physically watching an event with other people
77
Which of these is NOT an aspect of likeability
Extraversion
Familiarity
Similarity
Propinquity (proximity)
78
Assuming that Traffic Accidents lead to more deaths per year than Stomach Cancer is an example of
Verification bias in the Availability Heuristic
Verification bias in the Representativeness heuristic
Risk estimates in the Availability Heuristic
Risk estimates in the Representativeness heuristic
79
Which of these is not a sampling technique
Validation
Maximum variation
Convenience
Deviant case
80
Normal Triplett (1898) found that cyclists race ___ when competing than when alone
Faster
None of the above
Just as fast
Slower
81
Freedman & Fraser (1966) - study asking women to put ugly 'drive safe' signs in their gardens - Which compliance method?
Low ball
Door in the face
That's not all
Foot in the door
82
Which of these is NOT a mental representation of expected associations as a YOUNG CHILD
Sue is nicer than Sam
People have different values
I am a good and competent person
People know different things
83
System 1 is _____ and ____ while System 2 is ____ and ____
Fast, Broad, Slow, Focused
Slow, Broad, Fast, Focussed
Slow, Focused, Fast, Broad
Fast, Focused, Slow, Broad
84
In Central persuasion...
Target = Appearance of Consensus
Source = Credibility, Attractiveness, Expertise
All of the above
Quality = Focus on logic & strength of argument
85
People most prefer to affiliate with others who have _____ (Kulik & Mahler, 1989)
Similar physical traits
Been through different situations
Been through the same situation
Certain physical traits
86
Building rapport between interviewer and participants allows...
The interviewer to better leave the interview
Trust to be built
Trust to be broken
The participant to feel uncomfortable
87
Social loafing is ____ when people work with _____ than with ____ (Karau & Williams, 1997)
Higher, Strangers, Acquaintances
Lower, Strangers, Acquaintances
Higher, Acquaintances, Strangers
Lower, Acquaintances, Strangers
88
Considering an offer but not commiting until more attractive elements added even if the elements were intended all along
Door in the face
That's not all
Low ball
Foot in the door
89
Increased effort comes from the least competent person VS Increased effort comes from the most competent person
Social compensation VS Kohler effect
Kohler Effect VS Social Compensation
90
In-depth interviews have open questions
True
False
91
Conformity occurs first for ____, but this may cause people to change their ____ (Buehlr & Griffin, 1993)
Public beliefs, Private behaviour
Public behaviour, Private beliefs
Private behaviour, Public beliefs
Private beliefs, Public behaviour
92
Percieving reality as if it confirms your worldview
All of the above
Assimilation Bias
Consistency Motivation
Phasic Attention
93
In-group dissenters (e.g. the 'black sheep') are ____ sources of influence within a group
Weak
Powerful
Sometimes
Not
94
Burger (1986) - study selling cupcakes and cookies - Which compliance method?
Door in the face
Foot in the door
Low ball
That's not all
95
Michaels et al., (1982) found that shot accuracy of ____ billiards players ___ in the presence of others
Poor, Decreased
Good, Decreased
Poor, Increased
Good, Increased
96
Which of these is NOT a typical manipulation in ELM experiments
Central Content
Selective Attention
Peripheral Content
Personal Relevance
97
ELM stands for...
Explanation Limited Model
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Exponetially Likely Model
Everyone Loves Me
98
What word is used to describe the 'chunks' of data generated for analysis in qualitative research
Motifs
Topics
Ideas
Themes
99
Experience matches expectation VS Experience does match expectation
Consistency Motivation VS Mismatch Negativity
Fluency Disillusion VS Assimilation Bias
Mismatch Negativity VS Consistency Motivation
Assimilation Bias VS Fluency Disillusion
100
Schachter (1959) found that fearful people preferred to be ____
With others
Lonely
No preference
Alone

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