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PSYC 494C Chapter 12 Flashcards | StudBud
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PSYC 494C Chapter 12
PSYC 494C Chapter 12
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1
Your car breaks down. This is likely a _______ problem.
knowledge-rich
trial-and-error
knowledge-lean
schematic
2
You may miss a clear, but taboo, solution as a result of _____.
development
ill-defined problems
mental set
well-defined problems
3
Kacie is an expert in cognitive psyc. Your book discussed a
major
reason why she is terrible at bar trivia...which is:
The problem is too broad
the problem is stupid
Her expertise is too specific
The problem is outside of her field
4
Therefore, we often rely on
Heuristics
. Which of the following does NOT use a
heuristic
?
Making assumptions about other people
Estimating the number of windows in NYC
Determining whether a person is a truck driver or a doctor
Completing a jigsaw puzzle
5
Sultan the Gorilla is supposed to demonstrate the Gestalt problem-solving approach of:
guessing
trial-and-error
insight
analogies
6
_____ focus on surface features of a problem, while ____ focus on structural features.
novices/experts
experts/noobs
experts/novices
novices/nerds
7
Experts are more likely to look at problems in their fields in new ways.
False
True
8
The headlights go out on your car. You solve the problem by changing the bulb. How did you solve the problem?
Guessing
Analogous reasoning
Gestalt Approach
Insight
9
According to the IP Approach, as
operators
increase, ____ should decrease.
LTM
processing (problem solving) capability
possible solutions
subgoals
10
"Cupping a Cake" and other viral hacks are illustrative of a lack of:
insight
social desirability
reasoning
functional fixedness
11
Analogies are easier to solve when superficial (surface) traits are highly similar.
True
False
12
If an analogy helps, that means that you've experienced _____. If it doesn't, you've experienced _____.
mutually beneficial transfer/negative transfer
mutually beneficial transfer/harmful transfer
positive transfer/ negative transfer
negative transfer/positive transfer
13
Changing the headlight worked, so the next time a light goes out, I'll likely apply the same _____ to solve the problem.
algorithm
parallel processing
heuristic
analogy
14
The ______ states that problem solving in human cognition is subject to processing limits, just like attention and WM.
Information-Processing Approach
Problem Space Approach
Analogous Reasoning Approach
Computational Psychological Approach
15
Problems can be:
ill-defined
impossible
clearly articulated
well-defined
16
Problems solved using "insight" likely feel that way because of _____ processing in the brain.
analytical
serial
parallel
semantic
17
Which of the following is NOT an example of a
well-defined
problem
mazes
college, from start to finish
acquiring a raise based on time spent at a job
video game challenges
18
The difference between an algorithm and a heuristic is that a _____ will
always
lead to the correct answer.
algorithm
heuristic
19
Select the three hallmarks of a
problem
.
difficult
an obstacle between the present and a future goal
can always be solved through trial and error
not immediately clear how to get around obstacle