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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) Flashcards | StudBud
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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750)
APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750)
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1
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
2
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
3
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Christianity and Islam
4
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
5
This
IVORY
statue from 17th century
INDIA
exported to
PORTUGAL
could be used as evidence to prove
Crown=proof that imperial states used art to reinforce their legitimacy.
Ivory=proof that Swahili merchants continued to trade African luxury goods.
India=proof that Asian trade goods were highly in demand.
Christ child=proof that Portuguese trading diffused Catholicism to Asia.
6
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
indentured servitude
encomienda
mit'a
chattel slavery
7
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
8
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
9
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
10
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
11
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
12
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
The Americas
South Asia
East Asia
Middle East
13
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
East Asian Buddhism
African Yoruba Shamanism
Native American Animism
Spanish Catholicism
14
Who discovered gunpowder/how?
by peasants who dug it up during farming
by religious leaders looking for a way to scare away spirits.
by blacksmiths looking to create better metals
by alchemists trying to discover a potion of immortality
15
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
16
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
17
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
18
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
19
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
20
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
21
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
South Asia
China
Russia
Middle East
22
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
23
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
24
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
25
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Islam
Islam and Confucianism
Christianity and Judaism
Hinduism and Buddhism
26
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
27
The "casta system" was
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
a Latin American card game.
a racially based social hierarchy.
an economic system.
28
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
29
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
The Silk Road
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Regional trade in the Americas
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
30
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
31
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Enlightenment
The Age of Exploration
The Artistic Renaissance
The Scientific Revolution
32
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Chinese
The Egyptians
The Byzantines
The Romans
33
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
34
A Qing Dynasty Emperor (the elite of the elite) had a long day. What would have been the "cultural" part of his morning?
11am-2:30pm: Writing laws
7am-9:30am: Reading reports from local officials about harvests, money, etc
5am-7am: Worship of ancestors & the Buddha
9:30am-11am: Meeting with officials
35
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
36
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
37
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Sunni vs. Shia
Hindus vs. Muslims
Protestants vs. Catholics
38
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
39
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
40
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
41
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
42
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
43
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
44
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
45
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
46
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
47
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
48
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
49
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
50
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
51
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Egyptian Empire
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Han Dynasty
52
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
53
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
54
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
55
How is gunpowder made?
magic
by mixing sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal
collecting angry sand
combining salt and peppa
56
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
57
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
58
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
59
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Manchu Qing
the Ottomans
the Safavids
the Mughals
60
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
61
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
Bows and arrows
Horse saddles & stirrups
Infantry with shields and swords
62
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
63
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
64
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
65
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
66
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Confucian layout!
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
67
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
68
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
69
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created taxation systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
70
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
71
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
72
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
73
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
74
The 'pilgrims' started a wave of British settler colonies in the Americas. What were they looking for?
They were Protestants looking to flee religious violence.
The were looking for gold.
They were looking for a passage to Asia.
They were looking to spread Catholicism.
75
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
76
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Chattel Slavery
Indentured Servitude
Mit'a
Encomienda System
77
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
Spanish Empire
German Empire
French Empire
Russian Empire
78
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
79
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1514
1571
1676
1606
80
Increasingly, many are protesting
AGAINST
Columbus Day in the USA because they argue that...
Columbus was a brave Christian who diffused Western Civilization.
Columbus was a great example of Italian (Latin) migration to the U.S. of A.
Columbus lied, enslaved & killed natives, & his "discovery" was a theft.
C'mon, it's a day off work. What's the problem?
81
Below is an image of a follower of "Taki Onqoy". What would he have believed?
It was his duty to fight attempts to convert him
It was his duty to convert to Catholicism
It was his duty to convert to Protestantism
82
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
83
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
84
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Economic powers
Social powers
Cultural religious powers
Technological powers
85
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
86
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
87
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
88
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
caravels using lateen sails.
colonies in the Americas.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
silver-backed currencies.
89
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
90
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
