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AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
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#APEURO #Spielvogel #ScientificRevolution #ModernScience
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1
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
the moon orbits the sun.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
nothing can ever really be proven.
2
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
herbal healing.
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
3
The French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's...
absence of government support and control.
abundant government support and control.
focus on theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy.
publication of scientific journals.
4
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Mind Over Matter.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Discourse on Method.
Two Natures.
5
Who created this conception of the universe?
Galileo
Ptolemy
Aristotle
Copernicus
6
When was this conception of the universe prevalent?
Classical Greece
Roman Empire
Scientific Revolution
Middle Ages
7
Newton's world-machine...
impacted on the Western worldview until the 20th century.
suggested secrets of the world couldn't be known by study.
created a new cosmology in largely a mechanistic terms.
indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.
8
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
9
The work of Blaise Pascal...
believed that reason had limitations.
firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity.
succeeded in uniting Christianity and science.
prioritized reason over faith.
10
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Copernicus.
Galileo.
Kepler.
Newton.
11
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
12
Maria Winkelmann...
was an English aristocrat.
authored "Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam."
was the first woman named to a university teaching position.
a German astronomer.
13
In his work "Pensées," Pascal...
attempt to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid
offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory.
showed that science and religion were incompatible.
popularized the scientific method.
14
Maria Sibylla Merian...
earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science.
was trained at the University of Berlin.
completed much of her scientific work in Africa.
gained fame as an important entomologist.
15
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
16
Benedict de Spinoza...
rejected all forms of pantheistic belief.
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.
claimed that God was the universe not just the creator.
believed humans were created separate from nature.
17
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Isaac Newton.
Tycho Brahe.
Johannes Kepler.
18
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The sun.
The earth.
The epicycles.
The moon.
19
For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to...
the establishment of divine right monarchies.
false worship of nature.
people using nature for their own self-interest.
a lack of moral judgment of others.
20
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
21
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
calculating the distance to the sun.
making accurate observations of the planets.
working out the theory of inertia.
inventing the astrolabe.
22
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
began to receive recognition and training.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
23
opernicus's major book was titled...
The Great Instauration.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
24
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
25
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
incorporating the mind with the body.
mystical experiences.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
26
The philosophy of René Descartes...
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
27
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
college departments for scientific study.
regularly published scientific journals.
fund-raising events for medical research.
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
28
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
All of these.
Galen.
Archimedes.
Plato.
29
Galileo wrote...
a translation of the Bible in Italian.
Principia and Pensées.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
The Starry Messenger.
30
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
31
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
the stars are immensely far away.
the moon orbits around the earth.
the planets are made of earth-like material.
planetary orbits are elliptical.
32
Antoine Lavoisier...
gave scientific proof to the theories of Newton.
reconciled religion and reason in his Pensées.
is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.
discovered the law of gasses.
33
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
surgery, biology, and astronomy
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
engineering, physics, and dentistry
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
34
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Harvey.
Vesalius.
Galen.
Paracelsus.
35
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
36
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
inertia.
displacement.
planetary motion.
universal mechanics.
37
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
became an international phenomenon.
replaced funding by the church.
was common only in Italy.
was directed only towards pure research.
38
The author of "Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy" was
Maria Winkelmann.
Margaret Cavendish.
Maria Merian.
Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
39
According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?
Biology.
Art.
Mathematics.
Astronomy.
40
Newton's major work was...
Utopia.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
41
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
deductive reasoning.
speculative reasoning.
inductive reasoning.
triangulation.
42
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
43
Scientist whose work led to the law that a volume of a gas varies with pressure upon it was...
Antoine Lavoisier.
Robert Boyle.
Andreas Vesalius.
William Harvey.
44
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
45
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as...
the expanding universe.
the pantheistic theory.
the geocentric conception.
the lunacentric conception.
46
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
47
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
48
Scholars devoted to Hermeticism...
believed the devil controlled the dark secrets of nature.
retreated from the natural world to focus on magic mastery.
believed that the world was a recent and imperfect creation.
believed humans could use math and magic to dominate nature.
49
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
to house arrest.
five years of hard labor in prison.
to be burned at the stake.
50
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
