stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
150 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
23 plays
A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
150 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
150
Answers
1
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
2
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
fixation
displacement
compensation
3
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
4
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
reiteration
recall
5
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
6
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
7
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
8
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
a headache
been dreaming
not really been asleep
9
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
alpha
delta
10
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
medulla
11
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
12
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
13
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
14
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
15
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
16
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
17
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
constancy
closure
symmetry
18
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
19
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
teratogens
20
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
investment differentiations
21
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
22
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
lens
iris
cornea
23
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
processing
perception
24
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
mood
anxiety
schizophrenic
25
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
anal
genital
latency
26
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
27
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
28
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
29
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
psychological tests
questionnaires
direct observation
30
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
fill-feed
car-nose
boat-goat
31
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
cognition
introspection
mentalism
32
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the experimental group
the correlational group
33
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
schematizing
stereotypes
34
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
35
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
36
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
brightness
color
37
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
38
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
gonads
pituitary
thalamus
39
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
40
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
41
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
salivation
light
food/meat powder
42
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
shaping
selection
43
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
44
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological stability
physiological stability
psychological instability
45
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
spatial
musical
46
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
47
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
overextension
48
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
low in extraversion
49
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
50
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
51
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
52
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
53
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
54
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
55
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
56
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
57
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
pressure
frustration
change
58
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
phonemes
59
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
60
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
61
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
semantic network
script
chunk
62
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
predictability
consistency
representativeness
63
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
reticular formation
64
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
65
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
66
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
67
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test norms
test levels
test scales
68
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
69
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
intelligence
creativity
reasoning
70
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
71
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
72
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
73
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
74
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
75
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
dissociative
cyclical
bipolar
76
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
77
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
timbre
decibels
loudness
78
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
social loafing
79
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
80
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
81
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
personality
attachment
82
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
fluid
procedural
crystallized
83
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
84
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
delusions
obsessions
hallucinations
85
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
86
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
87
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
repression
suppression
88
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
shared inhibition
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
89
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
90
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
91
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
morphemic
mnemonic
platonic
92
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
feeding
93
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
94
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
escape learning
95
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
96
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a phobia
an obsession
a delusion
97
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
98
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
fear
happiness
surprise
99
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
collectivism
individualism
functionalism
100
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
101
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
102
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
103
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
104
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
105
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
106
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
retrieved
encoded
modeled
107
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
108
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
longitundinal
time of testing
cross-sectional
109
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
110
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender behaviors
gender differences
111
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
limbic system
brainstem
cerebellum
112
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
113
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
114
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
115
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
116
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
117
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
118
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
reversibility
centration
119
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
120
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
IQ
a potential score
a percentile score
121
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
122
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
123
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
124
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
self-serving bias
attributions
stereotypes
125
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
construct
content
absolute
126
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
127
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
128
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 1
REM
stage 2
129
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
130
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
131
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rat
loud noise
rabbit
132
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
conventional
concrete
preconventional
133
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
134
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
135
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
insight learning
136
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
137
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
138
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
marital problems
139
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
140
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
141
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
142
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
action potentials
agonists
neurotransmitters
143
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
144
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
145
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
146
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
the cephalocaudal trend
147
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
an external attribution
148
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
149
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
observational learning
150
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
consciousness
perception
hypnosis
