What is the definition of a wave?

Carries energy from place to place - with no permanent disturbance

How are atomic spectra created?

Excited electrons - returning to their ground state

What is the explanation of the Doppler Effect with respect to a stationary observer?

Receding ʎ is increased f is reduced., Approaching ʎ is reduced f is increased.

What is meant by the term falsifiability?

Hypotheses can only be proven to be false but never absolutely correct

What causes the magnetic field on Earth?

Liquid layer rotating around the iron core, dynamo effect

What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency?

E is directly proportional to f

What are the main advantages of a reflecting versus a refracting telescope?

Supported by the back side, can be made in segments, eliminates absorption and effects do to refraction, SIngle ground surface

What properties of Venus are extreme when compared to all other terrestrial planets?

Atmopsheric pressure & surface temperature

What do we see the same face of the Moon throughout a typical month?

Moon's axial rotation is tidally locked with Earth's so we see the one side

How does Earth's magnetosphere protect us?

Deflects the charged particles bombarding us from the Sun

If I triple the distance between two masses what is the change in the resulting force?

New force is 1/9 th of the original force

Why does the surface of Io rise and fall as much as 15 m during its orbit around Jupiter?

Gravitational tidal forces from Jupiter

What happened to the majority of the angular momentum of the Sun?

Jupiter has 99% of the Sun's original angular momentum, Transferred to the planets after the T-Tauri phase of the Sun

Why can't you hear sound in space - i.e. Star Wars gets it wrong?

Space is a vacuum, no medium to propagate

Galileo revolutionized scientific method by using which of the following approaches?

Observations & Predictions to guide his studies

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

Propagates in a vacuum, Transverse

Why do footprints last so long on the surface of the Moon?

No geological activity, Lack of weather - no atmosphere

What are some of the main ideas of the heliocentric model of the Solar System?

Stars are very far away than our own Sun., Sun is at the center of the Solar System, Earth and all planets rotate around the Sun

What is the currently accepted model of how the Moon was created?

Collision of a large body with Earth

What is Kepler's 2nd law?

Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times, A planet's speed depends on the distance from the Sun

How do we know that Earth is still geologically active?

Earthquakes, Global magnetiic field, Volcanoes

What information can we obtain by spectral line analysis of the light from a star?

Straight line velocity, Temperature, Chemical composition

What is meant by a red shifted star?

Star is receding from us, Light emitted from star is shifted to a longer wavelength/lower freqeuncy

What is Kepler's 1st law?

Planetary orbits are elliptical

A Solar eclipse is due to which which of the following explanations?

The Moon blocks the Sun and casts a shadow on Earth.

Why is the surface of Mars colored red?

Soil is rich in iron oxide (rust)

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Questions 97

Answers

1
What is the definition of a wave?
Carries energy from place to place - with no permanent disturbance
Causes floods
Ride it on a surfboard
Distributes forces
2
How are atomic spectra created?
Excited electrons - returning to their ground state
Excited nucleus - returning to its ground state
Excited protons - returning to their ground state
Excited neutrons - returning to their ground state
3
What is the explanation of the Doppler Effect with respect to a stationary observer?
Receding ʎ is increased f is reduced.
Receding ʎ is decreased f is increased.
Approaching ʎ is increased f is reduced.
Approaching ʎ is reduced f is increased.
4
What is meant by the term falsifiability?
Hypotheses can only be proven to be true by belief
Hypotheses can only be proven to be false but never absolutely correct
Hypotheses can only be proven only true by faith
Hypotheses can only be proven to to be true
5
Jovian planets formed outside of the frostline.
True
False
6
What type of law is Newton's Universal Law of Gravity?
direct proportion
inverse cube law
indirect proportion
inverse square law
7
Which terrestrial coordinate is analogous to Declination?
West
Longitude
East
Latitude
8
What is Kepler's 3rd law where p is in years, and a is in AU's?
p2=a3
p3=a2
1/p2=a3
p4=1/a3
9
What causes the magnetic field on Earth?
Liquid layer rotating around the iron core
dynamo effect
unknown
have none
10
What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency?
E is inversely proportional to f
E is inversely proportional to f/2
E is directly proportional to f
E is inversely proportional to f^2
11
What is the direction of propagation for a longitudinal wave with respect to its amplitude?
Perpendicular
Inverse
Parallel
Exponential
12
What are the principal characteristics of a Jovian planet?
Has rings
all of the above
Made of H, He
Has many moons
13
In what region of the atmosphere does weather occur on Earth?
Ionosphere
Exosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
14
What are the main advantages of a reflecting versus a refracting telescope?
Supported by the back side, can be made in segments
eliminates absorption and effects do to refraction
Requires two ground surfaces
SIngle ground surface
15
What properties of Venus are extreme when compared to all other terrestrial planets?
Volcanic activity
Magnetic field
Mass
Atmopsheric pressure & surface temperature
16
You can see the surface of Venus with visible light.
False
True
17
Which of Jupiter's moons is actually larger than Mercury?
Callisto
Io
Ganymede
Europa
18
What do we see the same face of the Moon throughout a typical month?
Moon rotates so slowly on its axis we see only one side of the Moon.
Moon's axial rotation is tidally locked with Earth's so we see the one side
Earth rotates too slowly
Moon doesn't rotate on its axis.
19
How does Earth's magnetosphere protect us?
Deflects the Moon
Deflects comets
Deflects the charged particles bombarding us from the Sun
Deflects asteroids
20
Though Venus is thought to have a metallic core, and liquid metallic layer why doesn’t it have a global magnetic field?
Slow rotation
Dense atmoshpere
Retrograde rotation
Hgih surface temperature
21
If I triple the distance between two masses what is the change in the resulting force?
New force is 9X the original force
New force is 1/9 th of the original force
Force doesn''t change
New force is 3X the original force
22
Why does the surface of Io rise and fall as much as 15 m during its orbit around Jupiter?
Tectonic Plates
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Gravitational tidal forces from Jupiter
23
Which planet has the highest density of all the planets?
Earth
Uranus
Venus
Neptune
24
What is the direction of propagation for a transverse wave with respect to its amplitude?
Parallel
Perpendicular
Inverse
Exponential
25
What are the principal components of Jupiter?
Water
Hydrogen & Helium
Ammonia
Methane
26
How far does the magnetosphere of Jupiter actually extend from this planet?
To the Sun
To Earth
Past the orbit of Saturn
To the Oort Cloud
27
Which of the following is the correct equation for Newton's Universal Law of Gravity?
F = Gm1m2/r2
F = m1m2/r3
F = m1m2 / Gr2
F=Gm1m2/Gr3
28
What happened to the majority of the angular momentum of the Sun?
Jupiter has 99% of the Sun's original angular momentum
Transferred to the planets after the T-Tauri phase of the Sun
Earth has 99% of the Sun's original angular momentum
Terrestrial planets have 99% of the Sun's original angular momentum
29
Which is hotter a blue star or a red star?
Independent of star's color
Blue
Can't determine
Red
30
Why can't you hear sound in space - i.e. Star Wars gets it wrong?
Space is a vacuum
None of the above
no medium to propagate
No one to listen
31
Galileo revolutionized scientific method by using which of the following approaches?
None of the above
Observations & Predictions to guide his studies
Faith & belief to guide his studies
Religion & supersition to guide his studies
32
What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?
Propagates in a vacuum
Longitudinal
Transverse
Requires a medium
33
What is unique about Venus' axial rotation when compared to all other planets in our Solar System?
Fast rotation
Retrograde rotation
Slow rotation
High axial tilt
34
Why do footprints last so long on the surface of the Moon?
No geological activity
Meteorite impacts
Ice particles from mm to bus size
Lack of weather - no atmosphere
35
How are wavelength and frequency related to wave speed?
are not related
v=ʎ/f
v=f/ʎ
v=fʎ
36
What are some of the main ideas of the heliocentric model of the Solar System?
Earth is at the center of the Universe.
Stars are very far away than our own Sun.
Sun is at the center of the Solar System
Earth and all planets rotate around the Sun
37
What are the proper coordinates for the Summer Solstice?
18 hr & -23.5°
6 hr & 23.5°
12 hr & 0°
0 hr & 0°
38
What is the currently accepted model of how the Moon was created?
Capture
Gravitational waves
Collision of a large body with Earth
Accretion
39
What is Kepler's 2nd law?
Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times
Planetary orbits are elliptical
Planets move at the same speeds in their orbits
A planet's speed depends on the distance from the Sun
40
Terrestrial planets formed outside of the frostline.
True
False
41
The speed of light in a vaccum (space) is not the maximum speed in the Universe.
False
True
42
How do we know that Earth is still geologically active?
Earthquakes
Global magnetiic field
None of the above
Volcanoes
43
You can stand on the surface of a Jovian planet.
False
True
44
What information can we obtain by spectral line analysis of the light from a star?
Straight line velocity
Temperature
Chemical composition
Longitude & right ascension
45
Surface structures on Mars suggest it never had signifcant water on its surface.
False
True
46
What is the direction of rotation of Earth if we were looking down on top of the North pole?
North to south
Counter clockwise
South to North
Clockwise
47
What is meant by a red shifted star?
No solid surface
Star is receding from us
No rings
Light emitted from star is shifted to a longer wavelength/lower freqeuncy
48
What is Kepler's 1st law?
Planetary orbits are parallel to the ecliptic
Planetary orbits are elliptical
Planetary orbits are dependent on distance from Sun
Planetary orbits are circular
49
What has caused the surface of Venus to be hotter than Mercury even though it receives only 25% of sun light?
Runaway greenhouse effect
Retrograde rotation
Lack of a magnetic field
all of the above
50
A Solar eclipse is due to which which of the following explanations?
The Sun blocks the Earth and casts a shadow on the Moon.
The Moon blocks the Sun and casts a shadow on Earth.
The Earth blocks the Sun and cast a shasow on the Moon.
The Sun blocks the Moon and casts a shadow on the Earth.
51
Why is the surface of Mars colored red?
Abscence of a stable atmosphere
Soil is rich in iron oxide (rust)
Seasonal methane plumes
Absence of a global magentic field
52
Earth's atmosphere causes blurring reducing the image quality of terrestrial telescopes.
False
True
53
Why is the sky blue?
It's the color of nitrogen and oxygen
Atmospheric molecules are just the right size to scatter blue light
Caused by the reflection of the oceans
due to water vapor in the atmosphere
54
The length of a sidereal day is which of the following?
none of the above
23 hours 56 minutes
24 hours
9 hours 55 minutes
55
What is the name of the shape of Jupiter since it is not actually a sphere?
oblate spheroid
ellipse
ball
oblique
56
What makes a theory scientific?
Elegant - simple
Depends on the place where it is tested
Testable
Can be proven false - falsifiability
57
What are the Laplacian orbits of Io, Europa, and Ganymede?
1 orbits:2 orbits:4 orbit repsectfully
1 orbit: 4 orbits:3 orbits repsectfully
4 orbits:2 orbits:1 orbit repsectfully
2 orbits:4 orbits:1 orbit repsectfully
58
What type of waves are sound waves?
Longitudinal
Requires a medium
Transverse
Propagates in a vacuum
59
What are the coordinates for the Vernal Equinox and Autumnal Equinox respectively?
18 hr, -23.5°
12 hr, 0°
6 hr, 23.5°
0 hr, 0°
60
A Lunar eclipse occurs due to which of the following explanations?
The Moon blocks the Sun and casts a shadow on Earth.
The Sun blocks the Earth and casts a shadow on the Moon.
The Sun blocks the Moon and casts a shadow on the Earth.
The Earth blocks the Sun and casts a shadow on the Moon.
61
What are the coordinates for the Summer and Winter Solstice respectively?
0 hr, 0°
12 hr, 0°
18 hr, -23.5°
6 hr, 23.5°
62
Sidereal day refers to the time it takes for the Earth to return to the same position - WRT to position of the Stard
True
False
63
If I reduce the distance between two masses by 1/4 what is the change in the resulting force?
New force is 8X the original force
New force is 4x the original force
New force is 16 X the original force
Force doesn''t change
64
What is the name of the material that covers the surface of the Moon?
Regolith
Comet dust
Iron oxide
all of the above
65
Who was the first to use a telescope for astronomical observations?
Newton
Galileo
Copernicus
Keppler
66
Which of Jupiter's moons has its own global magnetic field?
Europa
Callisto
Io
Ganymede
67
Mercury has an orbital resonance of 3 ----------- to 2------------?
3 Solar days to 2 Solar years
3 Earth days to 2 Solar Days
3 Solar years to 2 Mercurial Days
3 Mercurial days to 2 Solar years
68
The speed of light in a vaccum (space) is 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s.
False
True
69
Why is Mars such and interesting place to look for extraterrestrial life?
Absence of geological activity
Former existence of water on the surface
Closeness to Earth
Atmosphere
70
What characteristics of Earth make it likely that a local Supernova caused the condensation of the gas nebula?
Magnetosphere
Rich atmopshere of oxygen and nitrogen
Tectonic plate activity
Abundance of gold (Au)
71
Basics of the scientific method can be described by what processes?
Superstition
Predictions, experimentation, observations
Faith & Belief
Religious beliefs
72
Why does Earth retain its atmosphere while for example Mars has lost its atmosphere?
Abundance of water vapor in atmosphere
Atmosphere is very dense
Greenhouse efect
High escape velocity - strong gravity & moderate temperatures
73
Wat are the name of the coordinates on the Celestial sphere analagous to latitude and longitude?
Right Ascension
north/ south
east /west
Declination
74
What his meant by a blue shifted star?
all of the above
Light emitted is shifted to a shorter wavelength/higher frequency
Actually composed of "ices"
Star is approaching us
75
What are the principal characteristics of the Jovian planets?
Many moons
Made of rock and metals
Complex ring structure
Composed of He, and H
76
What critical information can be obtained from a blackbody diagram for any star?
Size of object - area under curve
origin of star
location of star
T4 is proportional to the peak wavelength
77
Jupiter's rotation is referred to as "differential" - what does this mean?
Rotational speed varies by latitude
Rotation varies depending on time of day
Rotation varies during orbit
None of the above
78
What is the principal component of Mars' atmosphere?
CO2
Water in the atmosphere
Helium in the atmosphere
Methane in the atmosphere
79
What are the principal components of the atmosphere of Venus?
CO2
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Methane
80
Our Solar System formed from a nebula initiated by a Supernova.
False
True
81
What type of snow occurs on Mars?
all of the above
There is no precipitation on Mars
Water snow
CO2 snowflakes
82
What does Astronomy encompass?
Biology, Chemistry, Physics
All of the above
Light and spectra
Planets, Solar Systems, Galaxies
83
Which Moon has an intrinsic magnetic field?
Io
Ganymede
Earth's Moon
Diemos
84
Jupiter is the "king" of the Solar system because of what characteristics?
Diameter
Magnetic field
Mass
all of the above
85
What are the principal characteristics of a Terrestrial planet?
all of the above
Few moons
No rings
Made of metals, silicates, and rocky
86
What are the principal components of Earth's atmosphere?
Oxygen
Helium
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
87
Which terrestrial coordinate is analogous to Right Ascension?
North
Longitude
South
Latitude
88
The age of the Moon's craters are around what age?
1 million years
25,000 years
5,000 years
3.9 billion years
89
Ancient civilizations study Astronomy principally for which of the following reasons?
To know when to go to sleep
To name constellations for worship
For ceebrating their Gods and dieties
To know when to plant and harvest their crops.
90
Solar day refers to the time it takes for the Sun to return to noon - taking 24 hours.
True
False
91
What is the source of the huge global magnetic field present on Jupiter?
Liquid metallic hydrogen layer
differential rotation
molten iron layer
dense clouds
92
Moon and Mercury are often compared because of what characteristic?
Size
Formation process
Old and cratered surfaces
Density
93
What characteristics of Jupiter's moon Europa make it an intersting place to search for extraterrestrial life?
Smooth young surface
High gravity
Magnetic field
Suspected ocean beneath surface
94
How is blackbody radiation generated?
Anything that is above Absolute 0
Anything that is above freezing
Anything that is is burning
Anything that is below Absolute 0
95
What evidence lead Galileo to finally conclude that the geocentric model was incorrect?
Lucky guess
None of the above
Phases of the planet Venus
Variation of size of Venus in its orbit
96
What caused the formation of the Caloris Basin on Mercury?
Large impact on the opposite side of the planet
Retrograde orbit
Planet wobbles
Lack of an atmosphere
97
Mars has been referred to as an Embryo planet because?
It formed so quickly it remained small
Was a moon of a Gas Giant
It formed from another planet
It formed after a large collision

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