The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.

Hemisphere lateralization refers to the

functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

Based on its name, triceps brachii

has three muscle heads or tendons of origin.

The preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are housed in the

lateral horns of the T1−L2 segments of the spinal cord.

A spinal nerve contains

both motor axons and sensory axons.

The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer, are

epineurium → perineurium→ endoneurium.

The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?

Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.

A person with damage to the premotor cortex area concerned with coordinating eye movements

can understand the words but cannot follow the lines on the page.

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

What is the linea alba?

narrow vertical fibrous strip attachmusclesheathsofthe left&right abdominis

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Lecture exam 2 part 2

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Answers

1
The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to
their proximity to white bone.
the covering of ependymal cells.
their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage.
the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.
2
The right and left hemispheres remain in constant communication primarily through commissures in the
corpus callosum.
pituitary.
hypothalamus.
pons.
3
The type of muscle fibers that have only a single nucleus, both thick and thin filaments, but no Z discs, are
cardiac.
skeletal.
smooth.
cardiac and smooth.
4
What muscle is known as the “swimmer’s muscle”?
Coracobrachialis
Trapezius
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
5
Hemisphere lateralization refers to the
separation of the various lobes of the brain from each other.
difficulty in assigning precise function to a specific region of the cortex
functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.
crisscrossing of information between the two hemispheres.
6
There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves.
31
51
40
13
7
The plexus that supplies the upper limbs is the _________ plexus.
cervical
coccygeal
branchial
brachial
8
Which is a common site for venipuncture, which is also where one finds the median cubital vein?
Median epicondyle of the humerus
Cubital fossa
Antebrachial depression
Anatomic snuffbox
9
See picture: which of the cranial meninges...
Dura mater
Pia mater
Subarachnoid layer
Subdural layer
10
The medial malleolus and lateral malleolus are located along the sides of the
wrist.
cubital region.
ankle.
knee.
11
Based on its name, triceps brachii
is part of a complex of three separate muscles that rotate at a joint.
has three muscle heads or tendons of origin.
has four muscle heads or tendons of origin.
has two muscle heads or tendons of origin.
12
The preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are housed in the
anterior columns of the spinal cord.
paravertebral ganglia.
lateral horns of the T1−L2 segments of the spinal cord.
posterior columns of the spinal cord.
13
See picture: which applies to synergist...
b, c, d
a, c, d
b, c, d, e
a, c, d, e
14
The triangle of auscultation is bounded by the rhomboid major, the trapezius, and the
deltoid.
teres major.
latissimus dorsi.
occipitalis.
15
The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _________ nerve.
obturator
radial
saphenous
sciatic
16
The longest muscle of the body is the
sartorius.
biceps brachii.
biceps brachii.
quadriceps femoris.
17
A spinal nerve contains
motor axons only.
this is not the answer, but you got this, keep studying!!
both motor axons and sensory axons.
sensory axons only.
18
The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer, are
endoneurium → perineurium→ epineurium.
epineurium → endoneurium→ perineurium.
epineurium → perineurium→ endoneurium.
perineurium → endoneurium→ epineurium.
19
Based on its name, orbicularis oris is __________ in appearance.
oblique
circular
straight
small
20
See picture: during a mugging...
The fornix
Amygdaloid body
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
21
Which is a function of the brain’s frontal lobe?
Smell
Speech interpretation
Verbal communication
Hearing
22
Which autonomic function is not controlled by a center in the medulla oblongata?
Control of swallowing
Control of kidney function
Regulation of heart rate
Regulation of respiratory rate
23
See picture: the horizontally oriented...
falx cerebelli.
tentorium cerebelli.
superior sagittal sinus.
diaphragma sellae.
24
A neuron relays sensory impulses from a receptor in the skin detecting pressureWhere doesthe axon ofthis neuron project?
To the axon of a tertiary neuron
To another primary neuron
To a secondary neuron
Directly to the appropriate region of the brain
25
Which pathway processes stimuli from the stomach, such as the degree of stretch in the stomach wall?
Viscerosensory pathways
Internosensory pathways
Somatosensory pathways
Visceromotor pathways
26
The brain ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum is the _____ ventricle.
falx
fourth
third
median
27
The pair of thick anterior bulges (pyramids) in the medulla oblongata are formed by the
internal capsular tracts.
corticospinal tracts.
corticobulbar tracts.
anterior bulbar tracts.
28
The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain
axons of interneurons.
cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.
axons of sensory neurons and interneuron cell bodies.
axons of sensory and motor neurons.
29
The adult spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the vertebral canal & ends at level of the __ vertebra.
L1
L6
S1
T8
30
The primary somatosensory cortex is part of the
parietal lobe.
frontal lobe.
insula.
occipital lobe.
31
The secondary neuron in a sensory pathway is a(n)
tract in the spinal cord.
interneuron.
visceral neuron.
motor neuron.
32
What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep?a: Dura materb: Pia materc: Arachnoid
c, b, a
a, b, c
b, a, c
a, c, b
33
See picture: list these events in the...
e, d, a, b, c
e, a, b, c, d
c, d, a, e, b
e, c, d, a, b
34
Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte?
A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.
Neurolemmocytes function only within the CNS.
Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.
A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier
35
A reflex arc in which both the receptor and effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is
monosynaptic.
contralateral.
polysynaptic.
ipsilateral.
36
The quadriceps femoris has four heads. Select the exception.
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Biceps femoris
Vastus intermedius
37
Which is not one of the hamstring muscles?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Rectus femoris
38
The type of neural circuit that uses feedback to produce a repeated, cyclical stimulation of the circuit is a _ circuit.
converging
parallel-after-discharge
reverberating
diverging
39
If a person suffers a thorax-crushing injury and is unable to breathe properly you would suspect this nerve was damaged.
Accessory nerve
Greater auricular nerve
Sciatic nerve
Phrenic nerve
40
A person with damage to the premotor cortex area concerned with coordinating eye movements
can understand the words but cannot follow the lines on the page.
can read but cannot understand the words.
cannot read or understand the words.
cannot form proper images of words.
41
See picture: an anatomy student..
voluntary.
skeletal.
cardiac.
smooth.
42
The pair of thick anterior bulges (pyramids) in the medulla oblongata are formed by the
anterior bulbar tracts.
corticospinal tracts.
corticobulbar tracts.
cerebral nuclei.
43
Of the five cerebral lobes, the one not visible on the surface of the brain is the
parietal.
insula.
temporal.
frontal.
44
Of the muscles listed, the one not involved in flexing the leg is the
tibialis anterior.
biceps femoris.
gracilis.
semitendinosus.
45
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the
septum pellucidum.
arachnoid granulation.
choroid plexus.
arachnoid villi.
46
Most muscles that move the thigh have proximal attachments on the
os coxae.
linea alba.
iliotibial tract.
sacral spine.
47
Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain.
CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.
CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.
CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.
48
A nervous system pathway consists of two components. What are they?
An axon and a ganglion
A tract and a nucleus
An axon and a nucleus
A nucleus and a ganglion
49
The thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx is the
cervical enlargement.
coccygeal tendon.
conus medullaris.
filum terminale.
50
What is the linea alba?
A thin layer of muscle used to attach two other muscles together
narrow vertical fibrous strip attachmusclesheathsofthe left&right abdominis
A round tendonlike structure attaching muscle to bone
A flat sheet of connective tissue used for muscle attachment
51
The primary dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle is the
extensor hallucis longus.
extensor digitorum longus.
tibialis anterior.
fibularis brevis.
52
A tract is a
cluster of neuron cell bodies within the PNS.
center that displays discrete anatomic boundaries.
network of nerves.
group of axons that travel together in the CNS.
53
Dural venous sinuses are areas where
cerebrospinal fluid is produced.
glial cells are formed.
cerebrospinal fluid is stored.
meningeal and periosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces.
54
The most abundant glial cell in the CNS is the
microglial cell.
oligodendrocyte.
neurolemmocyte.
astrocyte.
55
See picture: the cranial nerve that innervates...
facial
trigeminal
vagus
hypoglossal
56
The meninx composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers is the
dura mater.
arachnoid.
periosteal layer.
subarachnoid layer.
57
The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain
axons of motor neurons and cell bodies of interneurons.
axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons.
axons of interneurons.
autonomic motor neurons.
58
One of the largest muscles in the body & the one most responsible for extending and laterally rotating the thigh is the
tensor fasciae latae.
sartorius.
gluteus maximus.
gracilis.
59
The cranial nerve that passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is the __________ nerve.
trigeminal
olfactory
abducens
optic
60
This figure shows a cross section of a vertebra and the spinal cord. What structure does number 1 indicate?
Epidural space
Dura mater
Subarachnoid space
Central canal
61
Which of the following is a false statement regarding the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
ANS motor pathways always include two neurons.
The ANS is part of both the CNS and the PNS.
ANS functions are involuntary.
The ANS does not use sensory neurons.
62
Which is the structure easily palpated along the posterior aspect of the elbow?
Olecranon of the ulna
Capitulum of the humerus
Styloid process of the radius
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
63
Which part of the brain filters sensory information and forwards only a fraction of it to the cerebral cortex?
Pineal body
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Pons
64
The __________ is/are composed of multiple structures that collaboratively process and experience emotions.
hypothalamus
limbic system
cerebellar peduncles
cerebellum
65
Over 90 percent of nervous system pathways decussate. What does “decussate” mean?
Branch extensively
Cross from one side of the body to the other
Carry information to and from the same effector
Switch from carrying motor information to carrying sensory information
66
The primary somatosensory cortex is part of the
frontal lobe.
temporal lobe.
occipital lobe.
parietal lobe.
67
Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS?a: IIIb: IVc: Vd: VIIe: IXf: Xg: XII
a, c, d, g
c, d, f, g
b, c, d, e
a, d, e, f
68
The neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called _____ neurons.
sensory
contractile
inhibitory
somatic motor
69
Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the
ventricles.
cerebral ganglia.
cerebral nuclei.
cortices.
70
The developing heart and lungs begin to receive autonomic innervation in the _______ week of development.
4th
5th
10th
16th
71
See picture: the largest of the four...
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Superior sagittal sinus
72
Which forms the fleshy anterior axillary fold?
Two of the muscles named in this list
The teres major muscle
The pectoralis minor muscle
The pectoralis major muscle
73
This figure depicts a typical nerve. What is indicated by number 2?
Myelin sheath
Fascicle
Dendrites
Perineurium
74
The infundibulum is attached to the
pons.
epithalamus.
pituitary gland.
pineal gland.
75
The type of neural circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _ circuit.
parallel-after-discharge
diverging
reverberating
converging
76
See picture: A sensory neuron detects...
Receptor that responds to a stimulus
Posterior horn of the spinal cord
Effector that will respond to the stimulus
Posterior root ganglion of a spinal nerve
77
See picture: spinal nerves exit the...
T1
S8
C8
C4
78
See picture: which is a correct listing of ...
a, c, b, d
d, c, b, a
a, b, c, d
c, b, a, d
79
See picture: the articulation
second-class
third-class
first-class
80
Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue?
Glial cells and efferent cells
Peripheral cells and neurons
Glial cells and neurons
Peripheral cells and glial cells
81
See picture: Which is the correct order of...
c, b, a
a, b, c
b, c, a
b, a, c
82
The plexus that supplies the upper limbs is the _________ plexus.
brachial
branchial
lumbar
cervical
83
A neuron relays sensory impulsesfrom a receptor inthe skin detecting pressure. Where doesthe axon ofthis neuron project?
To a muscle or a gland for appropriate action
Directly to the appropriate region of the brain
To the axon of a tertiary neuron
To a secondary neuron

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