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Scientific method Flashcards | StudBud
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Scientific method
Scientific method
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Answers
1
Which of these is a qualitative observation?
The temperature is 22°C
There are 100 milliliters of water in the cup
The solution turned blue
The plant grew 2 cm last week
2
What describes standard deviation?
A type of average
Measure of error
Variability in data
A measure of precision
3
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is a guess, a theory is scientifically tested
A theory is a broader explanation, a hypothesis is a specific prediction
A theory can become a hypothesis
A hypothesis is generally accepted, while a theory is not
4
How do graphs help in scientific research?
Help interpret results
Summarize complex data
Display raw data
Confuses the data
5
What tool is essential for precise liquid measurements?
Pipette
Burette
Graduated cylinder
Beaker
6
Which type of graph is best for showing changes over time?
Pie chart
Histogram
Bar graph
Line graph
7
How should data be represented to ensure clarity?
Visually
In tables
Arbitrarily
Using clear labels
8
How do theories develop?
Through experimentation
By consensus
From proven hypotheses
From data analysis
9
What method measures the center of a data set?
Range
Mode
Mean
Median
10
How are anomalies addressed in data analysis?
Analyzed for patterns
Corrected
Ignored
Excluded from the study
11
What variable is measured in an experiment?
Experimental variable
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Control variable
12
What is the primary goal of any scientific method?
To prove hypotheses
To disprove theories
To collect data
To test theories
13
What is the role of peer review in science?
Validates findings
Ensures the experiment's safety
Guarantees publication
Assesses method's complexity
14
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Formulating a hypothesis
Making an observation
Testing with experiments
Drawing conclusions
15
What role does consistency play in scientific experiments?
Ensures different outcomes
Limits observations
Ensures reproducibility
Prevents bias
16
Which statistical test is used for categorical data?
T-test
Linear regression
ANOVA
Chi-square test
17
What signifies a statistically significant result?
p > 0.05
p < 0.05
Statistical method used
Large sample size
18
What does a control variable do?
Is measured during the experiment
Changes with independent variable
Has no effect on the outcome
Keeps other variables constant
19
What is meant by 'experimental error'?
All of the above
Natural variations in data
Mistakes made by the researcher
Errors in data interpretation
20
What does 'p-value' indicate in hypothesis testing?
Significance of difference
Probability of error
Reliability of results
Level of confidence
21
How is a scientific law different from a theory?
Laws are based on theories
Theories can become laws
A law describes, a theory explains
A law is universally accepted
22
What ensures an experiment is replicable?
Repeating the experiment
Detailed procedures
Multiple test subjects
Same equipment
23
Why is a large sample size important in experiments?
Ensures statistical significance
Increases variability
Reduces accuracy
Minimizes bias
24
What is the impact of bias in experimental design?
Reduces validity
Impacts results
Does not affect outcomes
Enhances credibility
25
What is an inference in scientific research?
Derived hypothesis
Guess based on data
An experimental variable
Conclusion from observation
26
What do we call data that do not fit with the rest of the data set?
Anomalies
Controls
Constants
Variables
27
In an experiment, the factor that is manipulated by the scientist is called the:
Dependent variable
Independent variable
Control variable
Experimental error
28
What must a hypothesis be?
Testable and falsifiable
Broad and general
Irrefutable
Easily provable
29
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To manipulate the independent variable
To measure experimental error
To test the hypothesis
To provide a normal standard for comparison
30
What is a hypothesis in scientific research?
A proven conclusion
A tentative explanation
An observable fact
An experiment procedure
31
What type of error occurs from measurement tools?
Measurement error
Calibration error
Random error
Systematic error
32
Which of these is NOT a type of statistical test?
ANOVA
T-test
Sigma test
Chi-square test
33
What describes a theory?
Tentative hypothesis
Well-supported explanation
Unproven idea
Initial observation
34
What graph is best for categorical variables?
Bar graph
Histogram
Line graph
Pie chart
35
How is qualitative data different from quantitative data?
Uses measurements
Involves descriptions
Is gathered through senses
Uses numerical data
