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Exam 3
What is MODS?
Ulcerative colitis
Exam 3
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1
Ulcerative colitis
Continuous inflammation, impacts stomach
Impacts first two layers in stomach
Inflammatory bowel disease
impacts first two layers of tissue in the rectum, continuous inflammation
2
What is MODS?
Nutritional goals are toprevent excessive wastingand promote recovery
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Many Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Multiple Organ Failure
3
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?
characterized by severe hyperglycemia dehydr. high blood osmolarity mental
Chronic kidney disease
Hypoglycemic shock
Stroke-related confusion
4
Liver disease
Normal thyroid hormone levels
Low levels, elevated bilirubin & alkaline phosphate, prolonged prothrombin
Kidney function is improving
Laboratory results
5
What are the classic signs ofinflammation?
Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain
Heat, Redness, Swelling
Redness, Bruising, Pain
Bruising, swollen, hotness, discoloration
6
What are nutrition-related factors that increasecancer risk?
salt preserved foods
alcohol
red meat/ processed meats
all the above
7
A chronic progressive disease characterized byobstructed blood flow in the coronary arteries
COBD
coronary artery disease/ CHD
COPD
CHD
8
What are ways to improve acceptability of mechanically altered food?
Favorite foods, brightly colored, shaped pureed food to resemble,attractive
Shapes, Color, Taste
Fancy decorations
Dark Colored food, ones favorites, shapes, decorations
9
What are chronic complications of diabetes mellitus?
These conditions are caused by a lack of exercise and a healthy diet.
diabetic retinopathy &neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, claudication
Diabetic retinopathy only affects people with type 2 diabetes.
Claudication is caused by an infection in the skin.
10
cholesterol?
consume more sat and trans fat food, less fiber, increase in sugar intake
consider fish oils, more fiber food,consume less trans &sat fat& alcohol
consider animal oils, more fiber rich foofds, increase trans and sat fat
increase alcohol intake, consume more fiber, less sat and trans fat,
11
What are immediate concerns during severe stress?
restore lost fluids and electrolytes, remove underlying stressors
restore, remove
add stressors
restore lost fluids
12
steatorrhea
Evidence of fat malabsorption, Presence of excessive fat in stools
not enough fat for evidence
extra fat
evidence of fat malabsorption
13
Celiac Disease
Immune disorder to a protein in meat, and in seafood like shellfish, crabs
Allergic reaction to wheat and barley
Immune disorder to protein in barley and rye
Immune disorder to a protein in wheat gluten, and in barley and rye
14
What are complications associated with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis?
All of above
Fluid Retation
Impaired blood flow
Tissue Edema
15
Intestinal adaptation?
Intestine absorptive capacity
Intestine absorptive capacity following resection
dramatically improves theintestine’s absorptive capacity followingresection
intestinal absorptive capacity dramatically declining
16
What are signs/symptoms of dyspepsia?
loss of appetite, pain, headaches, throwing up
nausea, indigestion, burning, stomach pain, early satiety, meal fullness
fatigue, hunger, indigestion
constipation, irregular bowel movements, decrease in appetite
17
Two Most common causes of acute pancreatitis
Excessive Drinking, Drug Intake
Kidney Failure, Cancer
Genetics, Age
Gallstones, Alcohol abuse
18
What are signs/symptoms ofpeptic ulcer?
Bloating, fatigue, tightness, cramps
nausea, fatigue, tiredness, dizziness
"Gnawing" sensations, nausea, pain in back, bloating, burning pain
pain in the GI tract
19
What is gastrectomy?
procedure
dietary changes in daily life
procedure, impacts size of stomach, requires dietary changes
Surgical removal of stomach
20
Dietary fiber
1-2 cups of fruits, vegetables, grain, legumes
3-4 cups of all food sources
grains and vegetables: 2-3 grams per serving, fruits 2 grams, legumes 8g
8 cups of legumes and nuts, 3-4 cups fruit, 1-2 grains and vegetables
21
What is a high-kcalorie and high-protein diet?
diet to individuals who HAD metabolic stress, able to tolerate oral feeding
liquid diet
diet after surgery
currently HAS metabolic stress
22
Risk factors for COPD
Smoking, excessive drinking, poor activity
Environmental and occupational pollutants
Family history, Age, smoking
Genetics, Exposures to environmental/ occupational pollutants,smoking
23
Risk factors for kidney function
high urine volume, dehydration, urine acidity, obstruction
Dehydration, low urine volume,urine acidity, metabolic abnormals, obstruct
low urine volume, dehydration, high urine acidity
obstruction, high urine volume, metabolic abnormals, dehydration
24
Polyuria, Dehydration, Polydipsia, Polyphagia all are ____ in diabetes
treatments
symptoms
medications
complications
25
What are esophageal varices?
protude into lumen, vulnearable to rupture and bleeding,required soft diet
These grow outside the body and have no effect on eating or digestion
These dissolve in the bloodstream and reduce the risk of bleeding.
help strengthen the esophagus and improve digestion allowing regular diet.
26
What is atherosclerosis?
narrows arterial lumen, disease caused of build up of lipids on inner walls
an infection
an arterial infection that narrows that arterial lumen
causes blockage on the inner walls
27
characteristics of cancer cachexia
throwing up, fatigue, dizziness, headaches
high appetite, weight gain, muscle increase, high energy
fatigue, anemia, weight gain, throwing up, poor appetite
anorexia, weight loss, muscle wasting, anemia, fatigue
28
what are cancers that form tumors?
melanoma, sarcroma, lymphonoma,
sacromroa, lymphonoma, melanoma, adneconcarcioma
melanoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, adenocarcinoma
lung, breast, brain
29
What is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
Cancer (Lung, Stomach, skin)
Bacteria
Infection (gastritis and peptic ulcer disease)
Disease (peptic ulcer disease)
30
Kidney functions
helps the urinary tract system
filters blood, increases blood pressure, stimulates bone marrow
increases metabolic waste to increase acidic balance
filter blood, excrete metabolicwaste, secrete renin, produce erythropoietin
31
chronic kidney disease
caused by short term disease or injury
diabetes and hypertension, irreversible loss kidney function
irreversible loss of kidney function from a short term disease or injury
diabetes is the only common cause of this
32
What is ascites? (2 answers)
liver cirrhosis
"Dry weight" helps check a patient’s real weight when they have symptoms
"Dry weight" is the amount of weight a patient gains from eating dry foods.
"Dry weight" is used to measure how dehydrated a patient is.
33
metabolic syndrome needs to have what 3
inactivity, tiredness, poor appetite
Rapid weight loss without any lifestyle changes.
hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity
underweight, lazy, unhealthy weight
34
What are initial nutritional treatments for acute stress?
admintersting, treating, repairing, removing
cleaning, observing, communicating, removal
prep, observing, cleaning, finishing
iv, infection, wounds, dead tissue
35
What is diabetes mellitus?
7th leading cause of death, long term cases, heart attack strokes, damage
It only affects the kidneys, with no impact on the heart or brain.
happens prior to symptom development
Damage occurs after noticeable symptoms develop.
36
internal factors- causes kidney injury
excessive alcohol intake, drug use, inflammation to kidney
direct trauma to kidney, drug exposure, inflammation or infection
drug exposure, excess alcohol intake, infection
drug use, inflammation, trauma
37
What is Esophageal dysphagia?
"sticking"
Food stuck
chief complaint
"Sticking" of food in the esophagus is a chief complaint
38
What are modifiable risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
Inactive, lazy, poor nutrition, smokes
high ldl, hypertension, smokes, high in sat & trans fats, obesity, mellitus
high ldl, very active, hypertension, fatigue, smokes, poor nutrition
Goes to the gym 2x a week, healthy diet, eats fruits and vegetables
39
ischemia
inadequate blood supply
inadequate blood supply within a tissue due to obstructed blood flow
high blood pressure, normal blood flow
tissue edema
40
Alcohol
Creates organ disease
Fails your organs
Intake of this in excess overtime can result in liverdisease
Good for your body
41
What are clinical effects of liver cirrhosis?
Esphageal, Ascites, Jaundice, Pruritus
Jaundice, Irritable bowl, ascites, pruritis
Jaundice, Esophageal varices, Ascites, Pruritus
Variceal Esophageal, ascites, pruritus, jaundice
42
what are t-cells
cells that are most affected by the HIV infection
cells that are most affected by hypori
cells most affected by animals
cells that are most human affected
43
infant macrsomia
unhealthy baby, 10 lbs
birth weight above 8lb 13oz in infants, abnormally large body
small baby- less than 9 pounds
abnormal small body
44
type 1 diabetes
develops young, hypogelmica, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cell
It is caused by poor diet and lack of exercise.
Cystic fibrosis-related
It only affects adults over the age of 40.
45
What is nausea?
Stomach conditions
Bland Food Diet- Toast, crackers, pretzels
Chocolate, sugar, dairy
Throwing up
46
What are nutritional support/recommendations for those patients withhepatitis?
Oral supplementation, increase diet changes
Avoid alcohol, small frequent meals, nutrition status and symptoms, oral
Avoid alcohol, large portion meals, nutrition and symptoms statues, oral
Increase food intake, Drink alcohol
47
normal or desirable blood pressure range
110/77
120/80
97/70
118/75
48
probiotics
treatment
food choices- pickles, olives, sauerkraut
food choices- ice cream, burgers, fast food
vitamins- gummies, pills etc.
49
prevention of kidney stones
increase fluid intake, drug therapy, decrease animal protein, adjust intake
increase fluid intake, drug therapy, increase animal protein
NA
exercise, healthy diet, physical activity
50
What are causes of chronic liver disease?
Hepatitis A,B,C,D
HVC
Poor nutrition, recreational use
Excessive Alcohol Intake, Hepatitis A,B,C
51
What is the Dietary Approaches to StopHypertension (DASH) diet?
increase rate of fruit and vegetable intake with hbp
NA
increased intake of fruits & vegetables for those with high blood pressure
increase alcohol intake, less fruit and vegetables
52
What is early dumping syndrome?
constipation, sweats, throwing up, bloating
tired, poor appetite, lack of motivation
flushing, sweating, diarrhea, nausea, bloating, throwing up
irritable bowl syndrome
53
What are small, frequent meals?
individuals who are trying to gain weight
COPD patients
patients with COBD
recommendation after surgery
54
outcomes of a stroke
brain inactivity, slurred speech, impaired body movement
impaired motor function, balance problems, coordination problems, dysphagia
imapired body function of legs, head, arms.. dysphagia, coordination loss
coordination problems
55
elevated blood glucose(hyperglycemia)
It only happens in people with type 1 diabetes and never in type 2.
diabetes mellitus- include disordered insulin metabolism
Hyperglycemia cause by excessive physical activity not diet insulin issues.
Hyperglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop too low.
